Download or read book Modeling Climatology of Areal Coverage written by I. I. Gringorten and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several stochastic processes have been explored to simulate the areal climatic characteristics of the weather. The success or failure of a model of areal cover, or partial cover, has been judged partly by how well the resulting horizonal field of correlation resembles the natural field. The evaluation of each model, however, is based mostly on its efficiency in approximating the probability distribution of partial or complete coverage, by a weather condition, of an area. Emphasis, in application, is placed on the probability of cloud cover, that should vary from clear or zero cover, to partly cloudy, to overcast or 100% coverage. In addition to the size of the area, the probability distribution is directly related to the horizontal persistence of the weather element, which is parameterized in each model. The parameter is called scale distance. When the model successfully fits the observed areal extent, as viewed by a ground observer, it is then useful in application to other areal dimensions, as might be viewed by a satellite. With each of the several tested models, the snapshot picture of a field can be changed stochastically in a Markov process, simulating thereby a time sequence of weather patterns. Further investigation is well justified.
Download or read book Areal Coverage Estimates by Stochastic Modelling written by Irving I. Gringorten and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to relate the single-point probability of a meteorological event to the probability of its occurrence along a line or in an area of given size or fraction of the area. To make the problem tractable it was limited to modelling the probability estimates of the minimum or maximum condition along a line or in an area, or of the maximized minimum in a fraction of the area. In the absence of an analytical solution a Monte Carlo technique, applied to a Gaussian variable, was used to obtain answers that are presented graphically. Two models are described, one shown to be effective with macroscale events; the other, and more interesting model, is shown to be effective with the mesoscale phenomena of quantitative precipitation in areas ranging from a few hundred square kilometers to more than 50,000 sq. km. (Author).
Download or read book Areal Coverage Estimates by Stochastic Modelling written by Irving I. Gringorten and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to relate the single-point probability of a meteorological event to the probability of its occurrence along a line or in an area of given size or fraction of the area. To make the problem tractable it was limited to modelling the probability estimates of the minimum or maximum condition along a line or in an area, or of the maximized minimum in a fraction of the area. In the absence of an analytical solution a Monte Carlo technique, applied to a Gaussian variable, was used to obtain answers that are presented graphically. Two models are described, one shown to be effective with macroscale events; the other, and more interesting model, is shown to be effective with the mesoscale phenomena of quantitative precipitation in areas ranging from a few hundred square kilometers to more than 50,000 sq. km. (Author)
Download or read book A Climate Modelling Primer written by Kendal McGuffie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Third Edition explains the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book assists the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. The accompanying CD contains: A suite of resources for those wishing to learn more about climate modelling. A range of model visualisations. Data from climate models for use in the classroom. Windows and Macintosh programs for an Energy Balance Model. Selected figures from the book for inclusion in presentations and lectures. Suitable for 3rd/4th year undergraduates taking courses in climate modelling, economic forecasting, computer science, environmental science, geography and oceanography. Also of relevance to researchers and professionals working in related disciplines with climate models or who need accessible technical background to climate modelling predictions.
Download or read book Two dimensional Modeling for Lineal and Areal Probabilities of Weather Conditions written by Charles F. Burger and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-point probabilities of weather conditions, which are easily estimated from climatic records, have been extended to lines and areas by means of Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation was accomplished using the Boehm Sawtooth Wave (BSW) model. This model was chosen because of its speed and simplicity, and because it has a spatial correlation function similar to that of many weather elements. The BSW model generates fields (or maps) of normally distributed values called Equivalent Normal Deviates (ENDs). The procedure was to obtain the cumulative probability distribution for threshold END values. To do this, a large number of maps had to be generated, 25,000 in all, to approximate the true probability distributions. This was done for 12 different sized square areas and lines. The results were put in graphical form by plotting the probabilities as a function of areal and lineal size, and fitting them to curves through hand analysis. The curves were then fitted by equations, making it possible to obtain solutions quickly by computer. Thus, a model has been produced that can be used to estimate the probability that a certain weather condition will cover a given area or length, or fraction of an area or length.
Download or read book Climate System Modeling written by Kevin E. Trenberth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Systems Modeling presents an interdisciplinary and comprehensive study of the dynamics of the whole global system. As a comprehensive text it will appeal to students and researchers concerned with any aspect of climatology and the study of related topics in the broad earth and environmental sciences.
Download or read book Introduction to Three Dimensional Climate Modeling written by Warren M. Washington and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2005-06-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warren M. Washington is consultant and advisor to a number of government officials and committees on climate-system modelling. Now along with Claire Parkinson (NASA) he gives the reader insight into the complex field of climate modelling. Updated and revised from the first edition, this book is a welcome reference on climate modeling; an area that is becoming more and more sought after in light of environmental changes. Suitable for those wanting an in-road into understanding climate modeling but also an excellent companion for those with some prior knowledge of modeling meteorological systems.
Download or read book Quantification of Hydrologic Processes and Assessment of Rainfall runoff Models in Miami Dade County Florida written by David A. Chin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frontiers of Climate Modeling written by J. T. Kiehl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physics and dynamics of the atmosphere and atmosphere-ocean interactions provide the foundation of modern climate models, upon which our understanding of the chemistry and biology of ocean and land surface processes are built. Originally published in 2006, Frontiers of Climate Modeling captures developments in modeling the atmosphere, and their implications for our understanding of climate change, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Emphasis is on elucidating how greenhouse gases and aerosols are altering the radiative forcing of the climate system and the sensitivity of the system to such perturbations. An expert team of authors address key aspects of the atmospheric greenhouse effect, clouds, aerosols, atmospheric radiative transfer, deep convection dynamics, large scale ocean dynamics, stratosphere-troposphere interactions, and coupled ocean-atmosphere model development. The book is an important reference for researchers and advanced students interested in the forces driving the climate system and how they are modeled by climate scientists.
Download or read book The Climate Modelling Primer written by Kendal McGuffie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a consequence of recent increased awareness of the social and political dimensions of climate, many non-specialists discover a need for information about the variety of available climate models. A Climate Modelling Primer, Fourth Edition is designed to explain the basis and mechanisms of all types of current physically-based climate models. A thoroughly revised and updated edition, this book will assist the reader in understanding the complexities and applicabilities of today’s wide range of climate models. Topics covered include the latest techniques for modelling the coupled biosphere-ocean-atmosphere system, information on current practical aspects of climate modelling and ways to evaluate and exploit the results, discussion of Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs), and interactive exercises based on Energy Balance Model (EBM) and the Daisyworld model. Source codes and results from a range of model types allows readers to make their own climate simulations and to view the results of the latest high resolution models. Now in full colour throughout and with the addition of cartoons to enhance student understanding the new edition of this successful textbook enables the student to tackle the difficult subject of climate modeling.
Download or read book A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling written by Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-07 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As climate change has pushed climate patterns outside of historic norms, the need for detailed projections is growing across all sectors, including agriculture, insurance, and emergency preparedness planning. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling emphasizes the needs for climate models to evolve substantially in order to deliver climate projections at the scale and level of detail desired by decision makers, this report finds. Despite much recent progress in developing reliable climate models, there are still efficiencies to be gained across the large and diverse U.S. climate modeling community. Evolving to a more unified climate modeling enterprise-in particular by developing a common software infrastructure shared by all climate researchers and holding an annual climate modeling forum-could help speed progress. Throughout this report, several recommendations and guidelines are outlined to accelerate progress in climate modeling. The U.S. supports several climate models, each conceptually similar but with components assembled with slightly different software and data output standards. If all U.S. climate models employed a single software system, it could simplify testing and migration to new computing hardware, and allow scientists to compare and interchange climate model components, such as land surface or ocean models. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling recommends an annual U.S. climate modeling forum be held to help bring the nation's diverse modeling communities together with the users of climate data. This would provide climate model data users with an opportunity to learn more about the strengths and limitations of models and provide input to modelers on their needs and provide a venue for discussions of priorities for the national modeling enterprise, and bring disparate climate science communities together to design common modeling experiments. In addition, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling explains that U.S. climate modelers will need to address an expanding breadth of scientific problems while striving to make predictions and projections more accurate. Progress toward this goal can be made through a combination of increasing model resolution, advances in observations, improved model physics, and more complete representations of the Earth system. To address the computing needs of the climate modeling community, the report suggests a two-pronged approach that involves the continued use and upgrading of existing climate-dedicated computing resources at modeling centers, together with research on how to effectively exploit the more complex computer hardware systems expected over the next 10 to 20 years.
Download or read book From Observations to Simulations written by Antonello Pasini and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of a global economy is being reshaped by the economic emergence of two Asian giants, China and India. How the world's two most populous countries manage globalization as they pursue economic reform and liberalization will impact significantly their societies, the rest of Asia, and the world. This book brings together articles by first rate scholars of China and India to share and discuss their research findings in four areas: Challenges, Opportunities and Responses to Globalization; Social Security and Governance; National Security in the age of Globalization; and Ethnicity and Identity in the New World. The book includes an opening address by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, from his speech on "Managing Globalization: Lessons from China and India", delivered at the official opening of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy on 4 April 2005.
Download or read book Climate Change Modeling Methodology written by Philip J. Rasch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's average temperature has risen by 1.4°F over the past century, and computer models project that it will rise much more over the next hundred years, with significant impacts on weather, climate, and human society. Many climate scientists attribute these increases to the build up of greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels and to the anthropogenic production of short-lived climate pollutants. Climate Change Modeling Methodologies: Selected Entries from the Encyclopaedia of Sustainability Science and Technology provides readers with an introduction to the tools and analysis techniques used by climate change scientists to interpret the role of these forcing agents on climate. Readers will also gain a deeper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these models and how to test and assess them. The contributions include a glossary of key terms and a concise definition of the subject for each topic, as well as recommendations for sources of more detailed information.
Download or read book Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation
Download or read book Statistical Downscaling and Bias Correction for Climate Research written by Douglas Maraun and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and practical guide, providing technical background and user context for researchers, graduate students, practitioners and decision makers. This book presents the main approaches and describes their underlying assumptions, skill and limitations. Guidelines for the application of downscaling and the use of downscaled information in practice complete the volume.
Download or read book Topics in Climate Modeling written by Theodore V Hromadka II and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics of climate change, weather prediction, atmospheric sciences and other related fields are gaining increased attention due to the possible impacts of changes in climate and weather upon the planet. Concurrently, the increasing ability to computationally model the governing partial differential equations that describe these various topics of climate has gained a great deal of attention as well. In the current book, several aspects of these topics are examined to provide another stepping stone in recent advances in the fields of study and also focal points of endeavor in the evolving technology.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
