Download or read book Chlorine in Coal Combustion and Cofiring written by Robert M. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine in Coal Combustion written by Theresa L. Iapalucci and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Temperature Chlorine Corrosion during Co Utilisation of Coal with Biomass or Waste written by Xiaoyang Gaus-Liu and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine and Other Halogens in Coal written by Robert M. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine in Coal Combustion written by Theresa L. Iapalucci and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior of Chlorine During Coal Combustion in AFBC Systems written by Wei-Ping Pan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior of Sulfur and Chlorine in Coal During Combustion and Boiler Corrosion written by C.-L. Chou and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid Biofuels for Energy written by Panagiotis Grammelis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels are widely used for electricity generation and heating, creating greenhouse gas emissions and other toxic pollutants, which should be minimised according to the most recent environmental legislation. The utilisation of solid fuels with biogenic origin could contribute to the minimisation of these emissions. Solid Biofuels for Energy presents the current status of the engineering disciplines in this specific area, providing an improved background on the energy exploitation options of solid biomass. Within this framework, all thematic priorities related to the solid bioenergy potential and standardisation, commercialised and emerging energy technologies, and quality of solid residues are presented. Special attention has been given to biomass co-firing with coal, since it has the highest potential for commercial application, while combustion and gasification are more promising for units of medium to small scale. This strong practical focus is evident throughout the book, particularly in discussions of: • international standards for solid biofuel specifications; • supply, cost and sustainability of solid biofuels; • technical issues and non-technical barriers in biomass/coal co-firing; and • biomass combustion and gasification characteristics. Solid Biofuels for Energy is an informative reference, written for researchers and postgraduate students working in the field of biomass. It can also be a useful guide for chemical and mechanical engineers, involved in the environment and energy production sectors.
Download or read book Behavior of Sulfur and Chlorine in Coal During Combustion and Boiler Corrosion written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this project is to conduct laboratory experiments to clarify the mechanism of boiler corrosion, which may lead to solving the corrosion problem associated with the utilization of Illinois' high-sulfur and high-chlorine coal. The kinetics of the release of sulfur and chlorine species during coal combustion is being determined in the laboratories using temperature-programmed pyrolysis coupled with quadrupole gas analysis (QGA) and thermogravimetric analysis in conjunction with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Samples of boiler deposits and ashes from different locations in boilers using Illinois coal will be analyzed for mineralogical and chemical compositions to understand the relations among deposit compositions, coal compositions, and the gaseous species in combustion gases. The relationship between the level of chlorine in Illinois coal and boiler corrosion will be studied by experiments with simulated combustion gases under combustion conditions. Reduction of sulfur and chloride concentrations in the flue gas using additives will also be evaluated.
Download or read book The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co firing written by Jaap Koppejan and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique handbook presents both the theory and application of biomass combustion and co-firing, from basic principles to industrial combustion and environmental impact, in a clear and comprehensive manner. It offers a solid grounding on biomass combustion, and advice on improving combustion systems.Written by leading international academics and industrial experts, and prepared under the auspices of the IEA Bioenergy Implementing Agreement, the handbook is an essential resource for anyone interested in biomass combustion and co-firing technologies varying from domestic woodstoves to utility-scale power generation. The book covers subjects including biomass fuel pre-treatment and logistics, modelling the combustion process and ash-related issues, as well as featuring an overview of the current R&D needs regarding biomass combustion.
Download or read book Chlorine Emission from Coal Combustion Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorine, other halogens and their compounds are present in the natural environment as components of many minerals in rocks and soils, and in sea water. They are generally among the nutritional requirements of most animals and many plants, but excessive doses can be toxic.^L^LThe principle source of halogens from human activities is combustion, mainly of fossil fuels in power stations and industry. The fuel type, combustion conditions and pollution control equipment can affect the amounts of each halogen released. Chlorine is basically released from coal combustion systems in the form of acidic gases (mostly HCl), which cause problems at the source (corrosion) and in the environment. Global values of HCl emissions from fossil fuel combustion and waste incineration account for more than 3 Mt HCl a year. It is estimated that an 800 MW power plant burning a coal containing 0.2% Cl produces approximately 4560 t of HCl a year.^L^LAfter SO2 and NOx, HCl emissions are the major contribution to atmospheric acidity. In western Europe, HCl contributes up to 2% of the total potential acidity. Although this value seems low compared with 68% from SO2 and 30% from NOx, the high solubility of HCl causes the immediate uptake of acidic hydrogen ions in rain droplets. The less reactive SO2 and NOx require from a few hours to several days to form sulfuric and nitric acids respectively. Therefore, in the vicinity of emission sources, it is very likely that HCl is a significant contributor to acidity.^L^LIn this review, the behaviour of chlorine in combustion systems and its influence on gaseous emissions and combustion efficiency are discussed.
Download or read book Biomass combustion science technology and engineering written by C. Yin and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-04 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-firing biomass with fossil fuels in existing power plants is an attractive option for significantly increasing renewable energy resource utilization and reducing CO2 emissions. This chapter mainly discusses three direct co-firing technologies: pulverized-fuel (PF) boilers, fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) systems, and grate-firing systems, which are employed in about 50%, 40%, and 10% of all the co-firing plants, respectively. Their basic principles, process technologies, advantages, and limitations are presented, followed by a brief comparison of these technologies when applied to biomass co-firing. This chapter also briefly introduces indirect co-firing and parallel co-firing and their application status.
Download or read book Behavior of Sulfur and Chlorine in Coal During Combustion and Boiler Corrosion Technical Report December 1 1992 February 28 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of this project is to investigate the behavior of sulfur and chlorine during pyrolysis and combustion of Illinois coals, the chemistry of boiler deposits and the process of ash formation, and remedial measures to reduce the sulfur and chlorine compounds in combustion gases. The chemistry of boiler deposits provides information about the behavior of sulfur, chlorine, and ash particles during coal combustion. We report results obtained during this quarter on mineralogical and chemical compositions of twelve samples of boiler deposits collected from superheater and reheater tubes of an Illinois power plant. Scanning electron microscopy shows microscopic calcium sulfate droplets on cenospheres. There is a considerable variation of chemical composition among the samples. While eight out of twelve samples consist predominantly of quartz, mullite, and glass; the remaining four contain an appreciable amount additional phases (calcium sulfate and alkali iron sulfate) . The chlorine content in the samples is determined by neutron activation analysis. one sample contains 37 ppM chlorine, and the chlorine concentration is below the detection limit in other eleven samples (
Download or read book Determination of Chlorine in Coal by the High Temperature Combustion Method written by International Organization for Standardization and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Coal bound Chlorine on Furnace wall Corrosion Under Low NOx Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Co firing High Sulfur Coal with Refuse Derived Fuels Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was designed to evaluate the combustion performance of and emissions from a fluidized bed combustor during the combustion of mixtures of high sulfur and/or high chlorine coals and municipal solid waste (MSW). The project included four major tasks, which were as follows: (1) Selection, acquisition, and characterization of raw materials for fuels and the determination of combustion profiles of combination fuels using thermal analytical techniques; (2) Studies of the mechanisms for the formation of chlorinated organics during the combustion of MSW using a tube furnace; (3) Investigation of the effect of sulfur species on the formation of chlorinated organics; and (4) Examination of the combustion performance of combination fuels in a laboratory scale fluidized bed combustor. Several kinds of coals and the major combustible components of the MSW, including PVC, newspaper, and cellulose were tested in this project. Coals with a wide range of sulfur and chlorine contents were used. TGA/MS/FTIR analyses were performed on the raw materials and their blends. The possible mechanism for the formation of chlorinated organics during combustion was investigated by conducting a series of experiments in a tube furnace. The effect of sulfur dioxide on the formation of molecular chlorine during combustion processes was examined in this study.
Download or read book Behavior of Sulfur and Chlorine in Coal During Combustion and Boiler Corrosion Quarterly Technical Report March 1 May 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of HCl during coal pyrolysis and its relation to chlorine forms in raw coal were studied using a temperature-programmed pyrolysis and gas combustion in conjunction with a quadrupole gas analyzer (QGA). Using a new filament source in the QGA significantly improved the sensitivity of HCl detection. The major peak at 445°C showed an increased intensity and a new HCl evolution peak at 600°C was observed during pyrolysis of Illinois coal IBC-109. Pyrolysis of coal IBC-109 spiked with NaCl solution showed a strong peak of HCl evolution above 700°C. In the study of boiler deposits, several sample preparation procedures for X-ray diffraction analysis were developed and six minerals were unambiguously determined in superheater and heater deposits from a power plant in Illinois. Effects of composite gases containing 0.2% HCl on six metals were tested at 600°C and 200°C, and at 100°C with moisture for 400 hours. Similar tests were conducted with a composite gas containing no HCl at 600°C and 200°C. The results allow us to assess the factors controlling the corrosion rate: Boiler materials, temperature, concentration of HCl in combustion gases, and chloride condensate on metal surfaces.
