Download or read book The Iranian Hostage Rescue Attempt A Case Study written by Major Peter D. Buck USMC and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operation Eagle Claw was tactically feasible, operationally vacant, and strategically risky. This paper examines the failed hostage rescue mission conducted by the U.S. in Iran during April of 1980. The following text will recreate the rescue mission in its historical context while identifying factors across the three levels of war which contributed to its outcome. The three levels of war referred to in this discussion are the tactical, operational and strategic levels. This study concludes that (1) The fall of the Shah unearthed a gap in U.S. military influence in the Middle East which could not rapidly be overcome; (2) the hostage rescue mission, although tied directly to the strategic objective of returning the 53 American hostages, provided little influence in terms of salvaging U.S. honor and interests in the Middle East. In reality, it is probable that mission failure protracted eventual diplomatic resolution of the crisis; (3) the hostage rescue mission, a limited objective and high risk raid, should only have been executed in the event that hostages lives were directly threatened; and (4) since 1961, sixty-six separate hostage, kidnapping, or hijacking incidents have occurred involving U.S. diplomats, servicemen, and private citizens. The frequency of these actions equate to 1.6 per year over the past 41 years. This data demonstrates the relevancy of the subject and the frequency of its occurrence.
Download or read book The Iranian Hostage Rescue Attempt written by Peter D. Buck and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of Organizational Decision Making written by Andrea D. Begel and published by . This book was released on 1997-12-01 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day organizations make decisions, triggering a chain of events, initiating certain activities, resulting in certain outcomes. Some organizations must manage incidents involving extreme levels of risk, under high levels of stress. Government agencies, law enforcement agencies, and military organizations are often presented with such scenarios. When outcomes are favorable, credit is given to the leadership, who presumably made the right decisions, and to those who carried out the decisions, presumably for their great skill in executing what needed to be done. When outcomes are not favorable, days, months, even years are spent analyzing what went wrong, and why. Often, failure is said to result from 'bad luck' or failure to execute one portion of a plan, which inevitably led to overall failure. By analyzing failed operations in high stress, high risk environments, one can argue that blaming the failure of large scale operations on one step in a chain of events is to neglect real underlying symptoms of poor organizational decision making, poor strategic planning, and poor contingency planning.
Download or read book Rescue Mission Report written by United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Special Operations Review Group and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complete Guide to the 1980 Iranian Hostage Crisis and Rescue Mission Operation Eagle Claw Desert One Holloway Report Studies Plans CIA Role in Argo Cover Story Secret Documents Part One written by Department of Defense (DoD) and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented in paperback in two volumes because of its massive content, with a total of over a thousand pages of text and images, this unique and comprehensive book provides encyclopedic coverage of the Iranian hostage crisis during the Carter administration and the 1980 failed military rescue mission with declassified Department of Defense documents, intelligence reports, histories and reports. These reports provide important new information on this controversy. There is extensive coverage of military activities, including the planning and execution of the hostage rescue mission called Operation Eagle Claw, which resulted in the Desert One tragedy on April 25, 1980. There is also new information on planning for Operation Snowbird later in 1980.Volume One Contents: Part 1: Overview * Part 2: Iran Hostage Rescue Mission Report (The Holloway Report) * Part 3: Robert Ode Hostage Diary * Part 4: Statements by Defense Secretary Brown and JSC Chairman Jones * Part 5: Crisis in Iran - Operation Eagle Claw * Part 6: The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission - A Case Study * Part 7: Two White Houses - The Iran Hostage Crisis * Part 8: Choosing Peace: Jimmy Carter and the Iran Hostage Crisis * Part 9: A Classic Case of Deception - CIA Goes Hollywood, The Argo Cover Story * Part 10: Broken Stiletto - Command and Control of the Joint Task Force During Operation Eagle Claw at Desert One * Part 11: Desert One: The Hostage Rescue Mission * Part 12: Operation Eagle Claw - Lessons Learned * Part 13: Disaster at Desert One: Catalyst for Change * Part 14: The Iranian Hostage Rescue Attempt * Part 15: Iranian Hostage Rescue Attempt - A Case Study * Part 16: Skipping the Interagency Process Can Mean Courting Disaster: The Case of Desert One * Part 17: Explaining Iran's Foreign Policy, 1979-2009 * Part 18: USSOCOM Mission * Part 19: From Son Tay to Desert One: Lessons Unlearned * Part 20: Airborne Raids - A Potent Weapon in Countering Transnational TerrorismVolume Two Contents: Part 21: Command and Control of Special Operations Forces Missions in the U.S. Northern Command Area of Responsibility * Part 22: Excerpt about Desert One from The Praetorian STARShip: The Untold Story of the Combat Talon * Part 23: Original DocumentsOn November 4, 1979, more than 3,000 Iranian militant students stormed the American Embassy in Tehran, Iran. 66 Americans were seized and held hostage, precipitating a confrontation with the United States. The result of this crisis would change the course of a presidency, and affect the relations between the two nations. In military history one can stand out as a splendid example or a disastrous reminder. On April 24, 1980, highly-trained members of the four armed services made a valiant attempt to rescue the 44 diplomats and servicemembers held hostage in the Islamic republic of Iran. What the vast majority of Americans did not know was that planning for an armed rescue attempt began almost immediately after the embassy was overrun. The code name for the overall operation was Rice Bowl, while the operational portion was known as Eagle Claw. The operation was complex and faced several limiting factors, among which were the relative isolation of Tehran and the available courses of action which involved an increased risk of equipment failure. One critical piece of the operation was a refueling and overnight stay at a mid-desert site named Desert One. When the operation finally launched on the night of April 24, 1980, equipment failures and unpredictable dust storms caused the on-scene commanders to abort the mission. As the rescue force prepared to evacuate Desert One, an H-53 helicopter collided with a C-130.
Download or read book Complete Guide to the 1980 Iranian Hostage Crisis and Rescue Mission Operation Eagle Claw Desert One Holloway Report Studies Plans CIA Role in Argo Cover Story Secret Documents Part Two written by Department of Defense (DoD) and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented in paperback in two volumes because of its massive content, with a total of over a thousand pages of text and images, this unique and comprehensive book provides encyclopedic coverage of the Iranian hostage crisis during the Carter administration and the 1980 failed military rescue mission with declassified Department of Defense documents, intelligence reports, histories and reports. These reports provide important new information on this controversy. There is extensive coverage of military activities, including the planning and execution of the hostage rescue mission called Operation Eagle Claw, which resulted in the Desert One tragedy on April 25, 1980. There is also new information on planning for Operation Snowbird later in 1980.Volume One Contents: Part 1: Overview * Part 2: Iran Hostage Rescue Mission Report (The Holloway Report) * Part 3: Robert Ode Hostage Diary * Part 4: Statements by Defense Secretary Brown and JSC Chairman Jones * Part 5: Crisis in Iran - Operation Eagle Claw * Part 6: The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission - A Case Study * Part 7: Two White Houses - The Iran Hostage Crisis * Part 8: Choosing Peace: Jimmy Carter and the Iran Hostage Crisis * Part 9: A Classic Case of Deception - CIA Goes Hollywood, The Argo Cover Story * Part 10: Broken Stiletto - Command and Control of the Joint Task Force During Operation Eagle Claw at Desert One * Part 11: Desert One: The Hostage Rescue Mission * Part 12: Operation Eagle Claw - Lessons Learned * Part 13: Disaster at Desert One: Catalyst for Change * Part 14: The Iranian Hostage Rescue Attempt * Part 15: Iranian Hostage Rescue Attempt - A Case Study * Part 16: Skipping the Interagency Process Can Mean Courting Disaster: The Case of Desert One * Part 17: Explaining Iran's Foreign Policy, 1979-2009 * Part 18: USSOCOM Mission * Part 19: From Son Tay to Desert One: Lessons Unlearned * Part 20: Airborne Raids - A Potent Weapon in Countering Transnational TerrorismVolume Two Contents: Part 21: Command and Control of Special Operations Forces Missions in the U.S. Northern Command Area of Responsibility * Part 22: Excerpt about Desert One from The Praetorian STARShip: The Untold Story of the Combat Talon * Part 23: Original DocumentsOn November 4, 1979, more than 3,000 Iranian militant students stormed the American Embassy in Tehran, Iran. 66 Americans were seized and held hostage, precipitating a confrontation with the United States. The result of this crisis would change the course of a presidency, and affect the relations between the two nations. In military history one can stand out as a splendid example or a disastrous reminder. On April 24, 1980, highly-trained members of the four armed services made a valiant attempt to rescue the 44 diplomats and servicemembers held hostage in the Islamic republic of Iran. What the vast majority of Americans did not know was that planning for an armed rescue attempt began almost immediately after the embassy was overrun. The code name for the overall operation was Rice Bowl, while the operational portion was known as Eagle Claw. The operation was complex and faced several limiting factors, among which were the relative isolation of Tehran and the available courses of action which involved an increased risk of equipment failure. One critical piece of the operation was a refueling and overnight stay at a mid-desert site named Desert One. When the operation finally launched on the night of April 24, 1980, equipment failures and unpredictable dust storms caused the on-scene commanders to abort the mission. As the rescue force prepared to evacuate Desert One, an H-53 helicopter collided with a C-130.
Download or read book The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission written by Karl Andre Rohrer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission written by William M. Steele and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anatomy of a Rescue written by Carlos M. Perez and published by . This book was released on 2004-09 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a theory to help military leaders determine the best time to conduct a hostage rescue attempt. The theory is based on the phenomenon of a hostage crisis "biorhythm." According to the theory, there are four principles essential for hostage rescue mission success: surprise, intelligence, operator's skill, and deception. These principles are derived from planning models used in special operations, personal experience, and an analysis of six historical case studies. The case studies show that if any one of these four principles was overlooked, the operation was doomed. The principles have been determined to be the most critical factors that change as a hostage crisis develops. The focus of this thesis is an in-depth case study of the hostage rescue operation Chavin de Huantar in Lima, Peru. This case study presents compelling evidence to reinforce the author's hypothesis, and serves as a model for successful rescue operations. Another focus of this thesis is the use of game theory analysis during a hostage crisis. The findings of the thesis will help decision makers plan and organize hostage rescue forces to act at the appropriate time, maximizing their chances of success. In addition, it will provide a useful planning model that can be implemented effectively and accurately, presenting a clear picture of possible outcomes throughout a hostage crisis. It is hoped that this thesis will help the reader become a better strategist during the planning, preparation, and execution of a hostage rescue operation. The other case studies that are analyzed according to the biorhythm theory are Operation Eagle Claw, launched to rescue the Iran hostages in Tehran in April 1980; the De Punt train hijacking in Holland in May-June 1977; the Munich Olympics Massacre in West Germany in Sep 1972; Egypt Air Flight 648 at Malta in Nov 1978; and Operation Fire Magic, Lufthansa Flight 181, Mogadishu, Somalia in Oct 1977. (45 figures, 141 refs.)
Download or read book US Foreign Policy and the Iran Hostage Crisis written by David Patrick Houghton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did a handful of Iranian students seize the American embassy in Tehran in November 1979? Why did most members of the US government initially believe that the incident would be over quickly? Why did the Carter administration then decide to launch a rescue mission, and why did it fail so spectacularly? US Foreign Policy and the Iran Hostage Crisis examines these puzzles and others, using an analogical reasoning approach to decision-making, a theoretical perspective which highlights the role played by historical analogies in the genesis of foreign policy decisions. Using interviews with key decision-makers on both sides, Houghton provides an analysis of one of the United States' greatest foreign policy disasters, the events of which continue to poison relations between the two states. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of foreign policy analysis and international relations.
Download or read book Anatomy of a Hostage Rescue written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a theory to help military leaders determine the best time to conduct a hostage rescue attempt. The theory is based on the phenomenon of a hostage crisis "biorhythm." According to the theory, there are four principles essential for hostage rescue mission success: surprise, intelligence, operator's skill, and deception. These principles are derived from planning models used in special operations, personal experience, and an analysis of six historical case studies. The case studies show that if any one of these four principles was overlooked, the operation was doomed. The principles have been determined to be the most critical factors that change as a hostage crisis develops. The focus of this thesis is an in-depth case study of the hostage rescue operation Chavin de Huantar in Lima, Peru. This case study presents compelling evidence to reinforce the author's hypothesis, and serves as a model for successful rescue operations. Another focus of this thesis is the use of game theory analysis during a hostage crisis. The findings of the thesis will help decision makers plan and organize hostage rescue forces to act at the appropriate time, maximizing their chances of success. In addition, it will provide a useful planning model that can be implemented effectively and accurately, presenting a clear picture of possible outcomes throughout a hostage crisis. It is hoped that this thesis will help the reader become a better strategist during the planning, preparation, and execution of a hostage rescue operation. The other case studies that are analyzed according to the biorhythm theory are Operation Eagle Claw, launched to rescue the Iran hostages in Tehran in April 1980; the De Punt train hijacking in Holland in May-June 1977; the Munich Olympics Massacre in West Germany in Sep 1972; Egypt Air Flight 648 at Malta in Nov 1978; and Operation Fire Magic, Lufthansa Flight 181, Mogadishu, Somalia in Oct 1977. (45 figures, 141 refs.).
Download or read book Hostage rescue attempt in Iran written by United States. President (1977-1981 : Carter) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guests of the Ayatollah written by Mark Bowden and published by Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times–bestselling author of Black Hawk Down delivers a “suspenseful and inspiring” account of the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979 (The Wall Street Journal). On November 4, 1979, a group of radical Islamist students, inspired by the revolutionary Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini, stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran. They took fifty-two Americans captive, and kept nearly all of them hostage for 444 days. In Guests of the Ayatollah, Mark Bowden tells this sweeping story through the eyes of the hostages, the soldiers in a new special forces unit sent to free them, their radical, naïve captors, and the diplomats working to end the crisis. Bowden takes us inside the hostages’ cells and inside the Oval Office for meetings with President Carter and his exhausted team. We travel to international capitals where shadowy figures held clandestine negotiations, and to the deserts of Iran, where a courageous, desperate attempt to rescue the hostages exploded into tragic failure. Bowden dedicated five years to this research, including numerous trips to Iran and countless interviews with those involved on both sides. Guests of the Ayatollah is a detailed, brilliantly recreated, and suspenseful account of a crisis that gripped and ultimately changed the world. “The passions of the moment still reverberate . . . you can feel them on every page.” —Time “A complex story full of cruelty, heroism, foolishness and tragic misunderstandings.” —Pittsburgh Post-Gazette “Essential reading . . . A.” —Entertainment Weekly
Download or read book Taken Hostage written by David Farber and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On November 4, 1979, Iranian militants stormed the United States Embassy in Tehran and took sixty-six Americans captive. Thus began the Iran Hostage Crisis, an affair that captivated the American public for 444 days and marked America's first confrontation with the forces of radical Islam. Using hundreds of recently declassified government documents, historian David Farber takes the first in-depth look at the hostage crisis, examining its lessons for America's contemporary War on Terrorism. Unlike other histories of the subject, Farber's vivid and fast-paced narrative looks beyond the day-to-day circumstances of the crisis, using the events leading up to the ordeal as a means for understanding it. The book paints a portrait of the 1970s in the United States as an era of failed expectations in a nation plagued by uncertainty and anxiety. It reveals an American government ill prepared for the fall of the Shah of Iran and unable to reckon with the Ayatollah Khomeini and his militant Islamic followers. Farber's account is filled with fresh insights regarding the central players in the crisis: Khomeini emerges as an astute strategist, single-mindedly dedicated to creating an Islamic state. The Americans' student-captors appear as less-than-organized youths, having prepared for only a symbolic sit-in with just a three-day supply of food. ABC news chief Roone Arledge, newly installed and eager for ratings, is cited as a critical catalyst in elevating the hostages to cause célèbre status. Throughout the book there emerge eerie parallels to the current terrorism crisis. Then as now, Farber demonstrates, politicians failed to grasp the depth of anger that Islamic fundamentalists harbored toward the United States, and Americans dismissed threats from terrorist groups as the crusades of ineffectual madmen. Taken Hostage is a timely and revealing history of America's first engagement with terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism, one that provides a chilling reminder that the past is only prologue.
Download or read book The Iranian Hostage Rescue Attempt written by Charles S. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 24 April 1980 the United States Military's attempt to rescue the fifty-three American hostages held in Tehran suffered ignominious defeat in the Iranian desert. A combination of some training defects, command and control problems adverse weather conditions and bad luck caused early cancellation of the mission. Eight men died in the effort, and the hostages remained in captivity for a total of 444 days. It was a good idea - - American pride and honor had been badly injured and this was an opportunity to show the world Americans were capable of dealing with international terrorism in a carefully calculated and measured way. But flawed planning and execution spelled doom for the endeavor and made an already bad political situation even worse. This paper examines what led up to the raid, what was planned, what went wrong, and what lessons can be drawn from the experience.
Download or read book The Guts to Try written by James H. Kyle and published by Primer Publishers. This book was released on 1994-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Our Man in Tehran written by Robert Wright and published by Other Press, LLC. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the true story behind Argo, read Our Man in Tehran The world watched with fear in November 1979, when Iranian students infiltrated and occupied the American embassy in Tehran. The Americans were caught entirely by surprise, and what began as a swift and seemingly short-lived takeover evolved into a crisis that would see fifty four embassy personnel held hostage, most for 444 days. As Tehran exploded in a fury of revolution, six American diplomats secretly escaped. For three months, Ken Taylor, the Canadian ambassador to Iran—along with his wife and embassy staffers—concealed the Americans in their homes, always with the prospect that the revolutionary government of Ayatollah Khomeini would exact deadly consequences. The United States found itself handcuffed by a fractured, fundamentalist government it could not understand and had completely underestimated. With limited intelligence resources available on the ground and anti-American sentiment growing, President Carter turned to Taylor to work with the CIA in developing their exfiltration plans. Until now, the true story behind Taylor’s involvement in the escape of the six diplomats and the Eagle Claw commando raid has remained classified. In Our Man in Tehran, Robert Wright takes us back to a major historical flashpoint and unfolds a story of cloak-and-dagger intrigue that brings a new understanding of the strained relationship between the Unites States and Iran. With the world once again focused on these two countries, this book is the stuff of John le Carré and Daniel Silva made real.
