Download or read book The Effects of Tensile Loading and Extracellular Environmental Cues on Fibroblastic Differentiation and Extracellular Matrix Production by Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Derek Doroski and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Tensile Loading and Extracellular Environmental Cues on Fibroblastic Differntiation and Extracellular Matrix Production by Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Derek M. Doroski and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ligament/tendon tissue engineering has the potential to provide therapies that overcome the limitations of incomplete natural healing responses and inadequate graft materials. While ligament/tendon fibroblasts are an obvious choice of cell type for these applications, difficulties associated with finding a suitable cell source have limited their utility. Mesenchymal stem cells/marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are seen as a viable alternative since they can be harvested through routine medical procedures and can be differentiated toward a ligament/tendon fibroblast lineage. Further study is needed to create an optimal biomaterial/biomechanical environment for ligament/tendon fibroblastic differentiation of MSCs. The overall goal of this dissertation was to improve the understanding of the role that biomechanical stimulation and the biomaterial environment play, both independently and combined, on human MSC (hMSC) differentiation toward a ligament/tendon fibroblast phenotype. Specifically, the effects of cyclic tensile stimuli were studied in a biomaterial environment that provided controlled presentation of biological moieties. The influence of an enzymatically-degradable biomaterial environment on hMSC differentiation was investigated by creating biomaterials containing enzymatically-cleavable moieties. The role that preculture may play in tensile responses of hMSCs was also explored. Together, these studies provided insights into the contributions of the biomaterial and biomechanical environment to hMSC differentiation toward a ligament/tendon fibroblast phenotype.
Download or read book The Extracellular Matrix an Overview written by Robert Mecham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential to understand cellular differentiation, tissue development, and tissue remodeling. This volume of the series “Biology of Extracellular Matrix” provides a timely overview of the structure, regulation, and function of the major macromolecules that make up the extracellular matrix. It covers topics such as collagen types and assembly of collagen-containing suprastructures, basement membrane, fibronectin and other cell-adhesive glycoproteins, proteoglycans, microfibrils, elastin, fibulins and matricellular proteins, such as thrombospondin. It also explores the concept that ECM components together with their cell surface receptors can be viewed as intricate nano-devices that allow cells to physically organize their 3-D-environment. Further, the role of the ECM in human disease and pathogenesis is discussed as well as the use of model organisms in elucidating ECM function.
Download or read book Stem Cell Regulators written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-11-23 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines. This volume focuses on stem cell regulators. Longest running series published by Academic Press Contributions by leading international authorities
Download or read book Extracellular Matrix in Development written by Douglas W. DeSimone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells in the developing embryo depend on signals from the extracellular environment to help guide their differentiation. An important mediator in this process is the extracellular matrix – secreted macromolecules that interact to form large protein networks outside the cell. During development, the extracellular matrix serves to separate adjacent cell groups, participates in establishing morphogenic gradients, and, through its ability to interact directly will cell-surface receptors, provides developmental clocks and positional information. This volume discusses how the extracellular matrix influences fundamental developmental processes and how model systems can be used to elucidate ECM function. The topics addressed range from how ECM influences early development as well as repair processes in the adult that recapitulate developmental pathways.
Download or read book Extracellular Matrix Cues for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical and Biological Mechanisms of Regulating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation written by Anne Kathryn Staples and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of how hMSCs respond to different types of mechanical loading, how this response differs from a traditional growth factor approach of inducing cellular differentiation and how their responsiveness to mechanical stimulation varies with cell differentiation stage are all critical for the successful design of tissue engineering constructs that are optimally organized for a specific mechanical function.
Download or read book Bone Tissue Engineering written by Jeffrey O. Hollinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on bone biology, Bone Tissue Engineering integrates basic sciences with tissue engineering. It includes contributions from world-renowned researchers and clinicians who discuss key topics such as different models and approaches to bone tissue engineering, as well as exciting clinical applications for patients. Divided into four sections, t
Download or read book Elucidating Cause Effect Relationships Between Extracellular Matrix Signaling and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation written by Silvia Milena Becerra-Bayona and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is known to be influenced by a range of environmental stimuli. MSC-based bone regeneration strategies would benefit from the identification of scaffold material properties which intrinsically promote osteoblast lineage progression. The aim of this work was to contribute to the understanding of elucidating cause-effect relationships between extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling and osteogenic MSC differentiation using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels as a material platform. First, the effect of several ECM proteins associated with bone morphogenesis or bone fracture healing on MSC osteogenesis was investigated. Second, collagen-mimetic proteins (Scl2) were modified in order to incorporate them in a 3D network, and cell adhesion and activation of cell signaling were evaluated, as well. Finally, the influence of integrin [alpha]1 and [alpha]2 binding on human MSC (hMSC) osteogenesis was investigated toward the goal of deconvoluting the impact of integrin-based interactions on associated cell behavior. In terms of the osteoinductivity of select ECM components, the results showed that both FG and LN enhanced the osteogenic response of encapsulated MSC cells. In addition, the integrin-based interactions supported by these ECM components indicated that integrin [alpha]2 and [alpha]6 appeared to play an important role in MSC osteogenesis. Regarding Scl2 protein studies, Scl2-1, Scl2-2, and Scl2-3 were functionalized with photocrosslinking sites to enable incorporation into a 3D hydrogel matrix. characterization studies confirmed that the functionalization of the Scl2 proteins did not disrupt triple helix conformation, integrin binding, or cell adhesion. Also, initial cell studies confirmed specific hMSC adhesion to Scl2 proteins and appropriate activation of different MAP kinase pathways. Finally, Scl2 proteins were conjugated into PEGDA hydrogels and their effect on hMSC osteogenesis was evaluated. The results indicated that both PEG-Scl2-2 and PEG-Scl2-3 were osteoinductive, but in different ways. Therefore, to gain insight into the origins of the observed osteogenic responses, the influence of p38 pathway in osteogenesis of hMSC was investigated in order to establish its potential causative relationship with Scl2 proteins. The results of the p38 inhibition studies suggested p38 pathway may regulate osteogenesis in hMSCs. Further research is needed for investigation of detailed mechanism of osteogenesis regulation. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151153
Download or read book Effects of Physical Stimuli on Extracellular Matrix Assembly by Chondrocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Omotunde Mobolaji Babalola and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using cells, materials, physical and/or chemical factors, tissue engineering (TE) is being researched extensively for the repair or regeneration of tissues and organs after damage/disease. With arthritis being the leading cause of disability in the United States, cartilage TE and associated techniques are actively being researched as potential solutions to halting the progression of the disease. This thesis investigated how physical stimuli used in cartilage TE affect the formation of functional TE cartilage. The lack of sufficient metrics available in the field for defining cell response is highlighted, which has hindered faster advancement of the field. The overall hypothesis of this work was that different levels of physical stimuli regulate the functionality of TE constructs and these levels differentially affect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The first aim addressing this hypothesis established a baseline on the effects of cell density, type and species on engineered constructs. The second aim developed finite element (FE) models of scaffolds commonly used in cartilage TE undergoing dynamic compression, to quantify the physical stimuli present within them. Finally, the third and fourth aims investigated the effects of scaffold composition and physical stimuli on matrix metabolism by chondrocytes and differentiated MSCs, respectively. Chondrocytes and MSCs differed in their ability to metabolize matrix proteins. This difference was dependent on cell density, cell species and scaffold composition. For example, MSCs lacked the ability to retain and aggregate produced proteoglycan, and the absence of link protein may play a role. FE models showed that scaffolds generally used for cartilage TE yielded gradients of physical stimuli spanning orders of magnitude, for similar loading conditions. The consequence of such variations in physical stimuli was evident in cells seeded in lower weight percent scaffolds (i.e. less complaint and more permeable) producing more matrix proteins, but retaining the least amounts compared to higher weight percent constructs. These results highlight a limitation in the use of MSCs for cartilage TE; although MSCs are capable of matching the amounts of matrix produced by chondrocytes, they lack retention capabilities. The results also makes evident, the difficulty in comparing studies on the use of dynamic compression for the enhancement of cartilage TE constructs.
Download or read book Dynamic Compression and Exogenous Fibronectin Regulates Cell Matrix Adhesions and Intracellular Signaling Proteins of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Collagen Environment written by Chuen-Wai Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Dynamic Compression and Exogenous Fibronectin Regulates Cell-matrix Adhesions and Intracellular Signaling Proteins of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Collagen Environment" by Chuen-wai, Li, 李鑽偉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The fundamental principle of tissue engineering is to use appropriate cell source, combined with scaffolds and bioactive factors to develop tissue constructs which restore, maintain or improve tissue function. There is increasing data emphasizing the importance of mechanical signals and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins presented by the scaffold in determining stem cell fate/functions which are critical to tissue construct maturation and success of stem cell-based therapies. Cell-matrix adhesions are one of the major mechanosensing machineries cells use to convert information provided by ECM ligands and mechanical signals presented by scaffolds into intracellular biochemical signaling cascades which lead to particular functional responses. Therefore, understanding how ECM ligands and mechanical signals regulate cell-matrix adhesion formation and activation of associated intracellular signaling proteins is fundamental to rational design of biomaterial and loading protocol for optimal cell functional responses in tissue constructs. In this study, we attempted to understand the regulatory effects of external mechanical signal and exogenous ECM protein on cell-matrix adhesion formation and associated intracellular signaling proteins of human mesenhymal stem cells, and in particular, to test the hypothesis that mechanical stimulation or exogenous ECM protein can lead to adhesion maturation into 3D-matrix adhesions in 3D collagen environment. We used microencapsulation technique to embed cells in 3D collagen environment, forming disc-shaped hMSC-collagen constructs. By immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy, we visualized changes in size, morphologies and molecular composition of the adhesions. First of all, 2D adhesions of hMSCs were characterized. We showed that hMSCs form well-organized αv integrin-based focal adhesions and fibrillar adhesions in 2D culture. To investigate the regulatory effects of mechanical signals on adhesion signaling and maturation, we used micromanipulator-based loading device to impose dynamic compression to hMSC-collagen constructs. We found that dynamic compression lead to enlargement of integrin αv adhesions which recruit focal adhesion kinase (FAK), vinculin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In addition, FAK was activated at enlarged integrin αv adhesions and translocated to peri-nuclear region after compression, suggesting that loading induces activation of FAK signaling pathways through increased integrin αv clustering. Moreover, we demonstrated that dynamic compression can induce 3D-matrix adhesion formation, indicating the role of external force in integrin α5-based adhesion maturation in 3D collagen environment. We explored the effect of exogenous ECM proteins on adhesion maturation of hMSCs by adding fibronectin into cell-collagen mixture during fabrication of collagen constructs. Our results demonstrated that the exogenous fibronectin can induce α5 integrin-based adhesion maturation into 3D-matrix adhesions in our collagen constructs in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that the effect of external mechanical signals and exogenous ECM ligands on adhesion signaling and maturation of hMSCs in 3D collagen environment. Our findings contribute towards mechanobiology of hMSCs in 3D context. I
Download or read book Smart Biomaterials written by Mitsuhiro Ebara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-28 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of smart biomaterials and their potential applications, a field that is developing at a very rapid pace. Because smart biomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials that respond to small changes in external stimuli with large discontinuous changes in their physical properties, they have been designed to act as an “on–off” switch for, among others, bio separation, immunoanalysis, drug delivery technologies, gene therapy, diagnostics, bio sensors and artificial muscles. After an introduction to the topic and the history of smart biomaterials, the author gives the reader an in-depth look at the properties, mechanics, and characterization of smart biomaterials including hydrogels, particles, assemblies, surfaces, fibers and conjugates. Information on the wide range of applications for these materials follows, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, biosensors, bio separation and actuators. In addition, recent advances in shape memory biomaterials as active components of medical devices are also presented.
Download or read book Biomaterials for Artificial Organs written by Michael Lysaght and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide demand for organ transplants far exceeds available donor organs. Consequently some patients die whilst waiting for a transplant. Synthetic alternatives are therefore imperative to improve the quality of, and in some cases, save people’s lives. Advances in biomaterials have generated a range of materials and devices for use either outside the body or through implantation to replace or assist functions which may have been lost through disease or injury. Biomaterials for artificial organs reviews the latest developments in biomaterials and investigates how they can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of artificial organs.Part one discusses commodity biomaterials including membranes for oxygenators and plasmafilters, titanium and cobalt chromium alloys for hips and knees, polymeric joint-bearing surfaces for total joint replacements, biomaterials for pacemakers, defibrillators and neurostimulators and mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves. Part two goes on to investigate advanced and next generation biomaterials including small intestinal submucosa and other decullarized matrix biomaterials for tissue repair, new ceramics and composites for joint replacement surgery, biomaterials for improving the blood and tissue compatibility of total artificial hearts (TAH) and ventricular assist devices (VAD), nanostructured biomaterials for artificial tissues and organs and matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors Biomaterials for artificial organs is an invaluable resource to researchers, scientists and academics concerned with the advancement of artificial organs. Reviews the latest developments in biomaterials and investigates how they can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of artificial organs Discusses commodity biomaterials including membranes for oxygenators and cobalt chromium alloys for hips and knees and polymeric joint-bearing surfaces for total joint replacements Further biomaterials utilised in pacemakers, defibrillators, neurostimulators and mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valve are also explored
Download or read book Tendon Regeneration written by Manuela E. Gomes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-08 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tendon Regeneration: Understanding Tissue Physiology and Development to Engineer Functional Substitutes is the first book to highlight the multi-disciplinary nature of this specialized field and the importance of collaboration between medical and engineering laboratories in the development of tissue-oriented products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies. Beginning with a foundation in developmental biology, the book explores physiology, pathology, and surgical reconstruction, providing guidance on biological approaches that enhances tendon regeneration practices. Contributions from scientists, clinicians, and engineers who are the leading figures in their respective fields present recent findings in tendon stem cells, cell therapies, and scaffold treatments, as well as examples of pre-clinical models for translational therapies and a view of the future of the field. Provides an overview of tendon biology, disease, and tissue engineering approaches Presents modern, alternative approaches to developing functional tissue solutions discussed Includes valuable information for those interested in tissue engineering, tissue regeneration, tissue physiology, and regenerative medicine Explores physiology, pathology, and surgical reconstruction, building a natural progression that enhances tendon regeneration practices Covers recent findings in tendon stem cells, cell therapies, and scaffold treatments, as well as examples of pre-clinical models for translational therapies and a view of the future of the field
Download or read book Examination of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior in the Presence of Individual Whole Extracellular Matrix Protein in Three dimensional Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell behavior is guided by the chemical, mechanical, topographical and biochemical properties that are provided by the extracellular microenvironment. While a number of experiments have showcased the strong influence biochemical signals from extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins can have on stem cell behavior, it has been difficult to elucidate the true impact of individual ECM proteins in three-dimensional environments. In this work we utilized multiphoton excited photochemistry to generate 3D, whole ECM protein structures containing collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin. Human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on these 3D structures and RNA sequencing was performed to broadly examine how gene expression, an indication of cell behavior, was altered by the presence of individual whole ECM proteins. We noted that stem cells cultured in 3D environments with individual ECM proteins were capable of remodeling the external environment both physically and biochemically. Additionally, these modifications depended on the duration of culture, whether the cells were exposed to 2D or 3D environments, and the presence of specific ECM proteins. A broad examination of the RNA sequencing data revealed differences in gene expression profiles of stem cells between 2D standard culture and 3D structure, and among different 3D structure types. Further examination of the data revealed that long-term culture of embryonic stem-derived mesenchymal stem cells in media lacking chemical induction components in 2D standard tissue culture and 3D environments primarily impacted osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, we examined the expression levels of genes associated with endothelial and smooth muscle cells, two cells vital to vasculature development, in structures containing fibronectin. We observed the presence of genes for endothelial and smooth muscle cells, indicating that fibronectin may influence vasculature development through the differentiation of these two cell types. Additionally, we noted a decrease in sphingosine 1 phosphate lyase 1 in fibronectin structures, which may effect the degradation of sphingosine-1-phosphate, an important factor in vasculature development. In conclusion, we utilized multiphoton excited photochemistry-based 3D printing and RNA sequencing to examine how the presence of individual ECM proteins in 3D direct stem cell behavior. And the combination of these two technologies enabled the exploration of ECM-stem cell dynamics and may facilitate approaches to control stem cell response for clinical applications.
Download or read book Textbook on Scar Management written by Luc Téot and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Written by a group of international experts in the field and the result of over ten years of collaboration, it allows students and readers to gain to gain a detailed understanding of scar and wound treatment – a topic still dispersed among various disciplines. The content is divided into three parts for easy reference. The first part focuses on the fundamentals of scar management, including assessment and evaluation procedures, classification, tools for accurate measurement of all scar-related elements (volume density, color, vascularization), descriptions of the different evaluation scales. It also features chapters on the best practices in electronic-file storage for clinical reevaluation and telemedicine procedures for safe remote evaluation. The second section offers a comprehensive review of treatment and evidence-based technologies, presenting a consensus of the various available guidelines (silicone, surgery, chemical injections, mechanical tools for scar stabilization, lasers). The third part evaluates the full range of emerging technologies offered to physicians as alternative or complementary solutions for wound healing (mechanical, chemical, anti-proliferation). Textbook on Scar Management will appeal to trainees, fellows, residents and physicians dealing with scar management in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery and oncology, as well as to nurses and general practitioners
Download or read book Fibronectin Extracellular Matrix Serves as a Signal Transducer to Mediate the Effects of Material Properties and Heparin on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation written by Bojun Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
