Download or read book The Effect of Vertebral Body Tethering on Spine Motion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Mina Maksimovic and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current gold standard for the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation (PSF); however, decreased normal spine function, strain on unfused vertebrae and pain have been suggested as long-term complications with this technique. Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a novel and minimally invasive approach for scoliosis correction that does not involve fusion and may theoretically preserve spine motion. VBT involves the use of screws and a tether that are inserted thoracoscopically on the convexity of the spine curvature in skeletally immature patients, allowing progressive curve correction as skeletal maturity is achieved. No research to date has explored the effect of VBT on spine motion in AIS. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to retrospectively compare global and intersegmental spine range of motion in adolescents (9-18 years of age) without spine deformity, adolescents with untreated AIS, adolescents having undergone PSF, and adolescents having undergone VBT to gain insight on the effect of VBT on spine motion. Twenty participants were recruited into four groups including Control (n = 6), untreated AIS (n = 5), post-operative PSF (n = 4) and post-operative VBT (n = 5). Three-dimensional kinematics of the spine were collected and analyzed using an intersegmental spine model during constrained forward flexion, right-left lateral bending, and right-left axial twist movements. The PSF group displayed significantly lower spine ROM than the two non-operative groups during thoracic and total left axial twist (p ≤ 0.048), whereas thoracic and total spine range of motion during right-left lateral bending is almost equally lower in the PSF (p ≤ 0.03) and VBT (p ≤ 0.01) groups when compared to the Control and AIS groups. These results may suggest some preservation of spine motion in the transverse plane following VBT; however further investigation with a greater sample size and a prospective study design is needed to support and prove the theoretical preservation of spine motion following VBT.

Download or read book Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Ludvig Vavruch and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Even though it has been known for centuries, treatment of the deformity has focused on correcting only in the frontal plane. In the last decades, the need for three-dimensional assessment regarding scoliosis has been highlighted to better understand the cause and the principles of treating scoliosis. The overall aim of this dissertation is to provide knowledge to assess scoliosis as a three-dimensional problem. The severity of scoliosis is measured with the Cobb angle from standing radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) examinations are used throughout this thesis. The first paper investigates the difference in Cobb angle measured from standing radiographs and supine CT examinations. The standing radiographs had larger Cobb angles with a mean difference of 11° and a linear correlation between the two examinations from 128 consecutive patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) planned for surgery. The second paper compares the axial shape of vertebrae in 20 patients with AIS with a reference group. Clear asymmetry was observed in all vertebrae – superior and inferior end vertebrae as well as the apical vertebra – compared with corresponding vertebrae among the reference group. The asymmetry was most pronounced in the apical vertebra. A novel parameter, frontal vertebral body rotation (FVBR), was introduced to describe the internal rotation of the vertebrae in the axial plane. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a measurement of the position of the sacrum in relation to the femoral heads. This is relevant in scoliosis because PI determines the pelvic configuration acting as a foundation to the spine. PI has traditionally been measured from standing radiographs. The third study investigates PI three-dimensionally, based on low-dose CT examinations, in 37 patients with Lenke type 1 or 5 curves compared with a reference group. A significantly higher PI was observed in patients with Lenke type 5 curves compared with the reference group and patients with Lenke type 1 curves. Severe AIS is treated with corrective surgery. Two approaches are available: the predominant posterior approach and the anterior approach. In the fourth paper, these two approaches are evaluated with regard to three-dimensional correction, how well the correction is maintained over a 2-year follow-up and patient-reported outcome measures. Twenty-seven patients treated with the posterior approach and 26 patients treated with the anterior approach, all with Lenke type 1 curves, were included. Fewer vertebrae were fused in the anterior group, but the posterior group had a better correction of the deformity in the frontal plane. No difference was observed regarding three-dimensional correction and patient-reported outcome measures. AIS is truly a complex three-dimensional deformity. More research is needed to fully comprehend the complexity of the scoliotic spine.

Download or read book Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Peter O. Newton and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on over a decade of research and observation conducted by the members of the Harms Study Group and other spinal deformity experts from around the world, this must-have clinical reference provides focused coverage of the most current evaluation and treatment guidelines for idiopathic scoliosis. It draws on case studies to guide readers through specific surgical and nonoperative approaches to the multiple types of adolescent idiopathic spinal deformity, including practical information on the rationale for each approach, techniques, and results. Features: In-depth information culled from vast clinical data of world-renowned experts in the Harms Study Group Curve assessment and treatment recommendations listed by curve type and pattern - Comprehensive discussion of pathogenesis and epidemiology, osteobiologics for spinal fusion, anesthesia for scoliosis surgery, surgical complications, and more Chapters on key treatment decisions, such as the selection of fusion levels, that teach readers how to critically address clinical questions More than 600 high-quality illustrations, including numerous full-color clinical photographs, detailed line drawings, and complementary high-resolution radiographs This state-of-the-art text is ideal for orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and spine fellows, and is an invaluable companion for any practitioner involved in the surgical and nonsurgical care of patients with spinal deformity.

Download or read book The Use of Motion Analysis Technology as an Alternative Means of Assessing Spinal Deformity in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Matthew John Solomito and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Into Spinal Deformities 2 written by I. A. F. Stokes and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diagnosis and Treatment of Spine Deformities in Children at Specialized Centre -- Session 5: Rationalized Design of Individualized Treatment -- Biomechanical Simulations for Planning of Scoliosis Surgery -- Clinical Assessment of AIS -- Determination of Fixation Level of Osteosynthesis System with Knowledge Base -- 3D" Brace Treatment: "3D" Immediate Effect On Thoracic. Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Scoliotic Curves -- Treatment of Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Idiopathic Scoliotic Curves with the Progressive Action Short Brace (P.A.S.B.)Analysis of Results -- 3D Correction of Trunk Deformity in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Cheneau Brace -- Social Effects of Boston Bracing -- Appendix. Clinical Application of 3-D Evaluation of Scoliosis -- Pre-IRSSD meeting Workshops held at Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada, 27 June, 1998. -- Workshop 1: Biomechanical Modelling of Scoliosis: What are the Priorities? -- Workshop 2: Usefulness of Computer Assisted Measurements During Surgery: Should we Continue? -- Workshop 3: Imaging Techniques, which Way to Go: X-Ray, CT Scans, MRI, Surface Topography, Etc.? -- Workshop 4: Aetiology and pattern of spinal deformities: should we continue to study biomechanical and 3D factors? -- Author Index

Download or read book Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spinal Deformities in Adolescents Adults and Older Adults written by Josette Bettany-Saltikov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults is a unique book with a wide scope of coverage of the topic. Written by specialists worldwide, this book presents under-reported topics and treatments in spinal deformity, as well as a very interesting autobiographical case study from one of the authors detailing his self-management approach to his own spinal deformity. The chapters examine the evidence relating to spinal deformities together with assessment tools, treatment modalities, and the various types, benefits, and side effects of these diverse treatment approaches. This book is designed for clinicians working with patients, researchers, and patients and their families.

Download or read book Research Into Spinal Deformities 9 written by J.G. Thometz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2021-07 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is over 70 years since two orthopedic surgeons invented the Milwaukee brace for the treatment of children with scoliosis. Since then, clinicians and researchers have been inspired to design ever more effective braces to correct 3-D spinal deformities. This book presents papers from the bi-annual meeting of the International Research Society of Spinal Deformities (IRSSD), held as a virtual event on 22 and 23 January 2021. The IRSSD concentrates on research into spinal deformity with clinical applications. In addition to 3D assessment of the spine, researchers also explore spinal biomechanics, etiopathogenesis, and innovative conservative and surgical therapies with the goal of integrating science with clinical care to improve patient care. The 2021 meeting was originally scheduled to take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, but was instead held in a virtual format due to the Covid 19 pandemic. Despite this change, the meeting still allowed valuable interaction and open discussion among practitioners from around the world, and keynote speakers and authors contributed the 44 short papers and 47 abstracts included here. The papers are grouped under 17 chapter headings, and cover a wide range of topics, including biologic and biomechanical benchmarks, clinical evaluation, conservative treatments and surgical approaches. Diagnostic assessments and non-surgical treatments of EOS are also emphasized and elucidated. The book will be of interest to all those whose work is related to the treatment and care of patients with spinal deformities.

Download or read book Quantification of Variations in Thoracic Vertebral Morphology and Prediction of Curve Progression and Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Ausilah Ahmad Sulieman Alfraihat and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a complex, three-dimensional (3D), spinal deformity of unknown etiology. Asymmetric loading modulates vertebral growth rates and promote the progression of spinal deformity. As AIS progression is closely related to growth spurt, timely intervention is necessary to restore normal spinal growth. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of rapid skeletal growth on curve progression. There are no data on longitudinal vertebral growth patterns of the normative spine, and the alterations in these growth patterns in scoliotic spine. A major concern in managing AIS patients with a minor curvature is identifying which curves will progress to moderate or severe deformities that will require surgical intervention. The prediction of curve progression is important for selection and timing of treatment. As the progression of scoliosis deformity is primarily dependent on remaining growth during skeletal immaturity, predicting the risk of curve progression relies on surrogate indicators. Previous studies have associated various clinical and radiographic factors such as gender, age, curve magnitude, and skeletal maturity with curve progression. However, attempts to use each of these features individually as a prognostic factor for curve progression showed inaccurate predictions. Uncertainty regarding curve progression might cause unnecessary treatments, repetitive radiation exposure, and increased cost of care related to follow-up visits. Although there is a consensus in the literature regarding prognostic factors associated with curve progression, the order of importance, as well as the combination of factors that are most predictive of curve progression are unknown. Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering (AVBT), a recent growth modulation technique, produces curve correction by harnessing a patient's remaining growth. Despite the promising potential that AVBT holds in correcting curve deformity, precise indications and the patient-specific constructs required based on a patient's clinical and radiographic parameters are unclear. Currently, indications for AVBT are based on the magnitude of the curve and more importantly the remaining skeletal growth in the patient. Skeletal growth remaining, a parameter that AVBT entirely relies on to correct the deformity, is not precisely predictable. Hence, the indications for anterior spinal tethering procedures remain controversial and AVBT surgical outcomes are not reliably predictable. This thesis quantifies the variation in longitudinal growth patterns of thoracic vertebral body heights in skeletally normative and scoliotic rabbits. The scoliotic rabbits underwent unilateral rib tether surgery on the left side ribs to create a convexity on the right side. While these rabbits were growing their computed tomography scans were obtained at four time points. Moreover, machine learning selection method was used to select the most predictive clinical and radiological features of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curve progression and curve correction following anterior vertebral body tethering surgery. These selected features were used to train and test predictive machine learning models. In addition, a tool for curve progression prediction was developed and made publicly available.

Download or read book Age and Sex Related Analysis of Pediatric Spinal Motion and Comparisons with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Jeffrey William Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a three - dimensional deformity which is characterized by abnormal curvature and rotation of the spine. Dynamic measurements of normative spinal range of motion (ROM) are commonly used to assess the changes in functionality of the spine due to scoliotic deformity. However, due to the inherent changes in anatomical structures due to growth in children, normative ROM values are also likely to change based on age and sex. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to characterize the age and sex-related changes in the spinal ROM in normative children, quantify muscle activation corresponding to those ROM, and to determine the functional differences in spinal motion between normative and pre-operative AIS pediatric subjects. A total of 30 normative male and female pediatric subjects between the ages of 6-21 years were recruited to participate in this institutional review board approved study. Subjects performed six active motions to their maximum ROM: forward flexion, extension, lateral bending (left and right), and axial rotation (left and right). Dependent kinematic variables included the angles between adjacent spinal segments and total spinal ROM. Additionally, peak muscle activation during each ROM was measured through surface electromyography electrodes placed bilaterally on the erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, internal and external oblique muscles. Spinal ROM normalized to subjects' standing height varied significantly with age for flexion and axial rotation movements. No significant patterns of muscle activation were present; however, trunk muscles activated according to the directionality of the movement suggesting that a combination of forces are responsible for controlling motion. AIS patients had significantly reduced ROM in the spinal region containing the apex of the deformity as compared to age and sex-matched normative subjects; suggesting that the scoliotic deformity restricts motion in the location of the primary curvature. In addition to providing clinicians with a normative database of trunk kinematics and muscle activation data, these normative kinematic data can also be used to validate subject-specific computational models of the normative pediatric spine.

Download or read book Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Masafumi Machida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of current topics in idiopathic scoliosis (IS). A three-dimensional deformity of the spine, the condition is characterized by lateral curvature combined with vertebral rotation. The primary lesion, however, lies in the median sagittal plane, taking the form of a lordosis. Although the clinical manifestations of scoliosis have been well documented, its cause and pathogenesis have not yet been determined. Research into what causes IS has focused on the structural elements of the spine, spinal musculature, collagenous structures, the endocrine system, the central nervous system, and genetics. Results of these studies have brought about a new perception of IS epiphenomena, but the main cause of IS remains unknown. Recently, several investigators have produced new hypotheses regarding the cause of IS using the developing techniques of genetics, biochemistry, and neurology. This book is a review of the various causative factors thus far proposed for IS and an introduction to the directions in which research is heading to determine the primary cause of IS.

Download or read book Spinal Coupled Movement Patterns in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Kerry Farrant and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Use of Motion Analysis Technology as an Alternative Means of Assessing Spinal Deformity in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Matthew John Solomito and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Early Onset Scoliosis written by Colin Nnadi and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to modern treatment in a complex and evolving specialty FIVE STARS from Doody's Star Ratings™ Covering the spectrum of spinal deformity that occurs between birth and 10 years, early onset scoliosis (EOS) is an evolving specialty that faces unique challenges, especially in controlling the progression of the condition while allowing the growth of the developing spine, lungs and thorax. This important book was inspired by the inaugural early onset scoliosis meeting of spine surgeons and other medical professionals in Christ Church, Oxford, UK, in September 2011. It provides a complete picture of the field today, with topics ranging from spinal development and genetics to advances in medical management to breakthrough surgical techniques that offer promising new options for young patients. Special Features Provides practical, evidence-based solutions to managing the full range of congenital, idiopathic, neuromuscular and syndromic conditions that present in early onset scoliosis Describes pioneering surgical procedures, such as non-invasive, magnetically controlled growing rod systems that reduce the number of repetitive surgeries and hospitalizations Explores such complex topics as surgical strategies for sitting comfort and features of optimal heelchair seating Details treatments and outcome measures in diverse, multi-system disorders, such as early onset neuromuscular scoliosis Highlights perioperative care and the vital role of physiotherapy in children with EOS Introduces an EOS questionnaire that establishes validated, patient-reported data for outcome assessment Recognizing the importance of the multidisciplinary team approach in effective management, Early Onset Scoliosis offers the valuable international perspective of many leaders in the field. It is essential for orthopedic and pediatric surgeons, residents and trainees, who will use the book to develop a clear understanding of what EOS is, how it is best treated, and the principles that underlie effective clinical decision-making in these complex cases.

Download or read book Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis written by Peter O. Newton and published by AAOS. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the anatomy, etiology, and natural history of scoliosis - from patient evaluation and an algorithm for treatment to pulmonary function after surgical treatment and the use of instruments to evaluate surgical treatment. This new monograph focuses on the most common form of scoliosis occurring otherwise normal adolescents, affecting spinal alignment, growth, and function.

Download or read book Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders written by Josette Bettany-Saltikov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-09-27 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders presents a compendium of innovative work in the management of spinal deformities and postural disorders. The chapters were carefully selected with clinicians, researchers, patients and parents in mind. All of these stakeholders are important links in the management of spinal deformities and disorders. It is our hope that all will remain open to new ideas in the field and will be able to evaluate the material carefully and in ways that are objective and evidence based. We hope that the different chapters in the book will stimulate readers to be original and innovative in their own centers in order to help our patients in the best way possible. This book contains new information on the 3D measurement of, as well as new approaches to, the 3D conservative, including exercises and braces, and surgical treatments for patients with spinal deformities and postural disorders.

Download or read book Research Into Spinal Deformities 1 written by J. A. Sevastik and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-term Effects of Isola Instrumentation on the Configuration of the Spine and the Thoracic Cage in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis