Download or read book Power Optimization of Embedded Memory Systems Via Data Remapping written by Krishna V. Palem and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Memory Optimization Techniques for Low Power Embedded Processors written by Manish Verma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes novel memory hierarchies and software optimization techniques for the optimal utilization of memory hierarchies. It presents a wide range of optimizations, progressively increasing in the complexity of analysis and of memory hierarchies. The final chapter covers optimization techniques for applications consisting of multiple processes found in most modern embedded devices.
Download or read book System level Memory Power and Performance Optimization for System on a chip Embedded Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power has become a first rate design issue in microprocessor design. Power efficiency is especially critical for battery-powered embedded systems. Technology trends are making data communication, both on-chip and off-chip, more expensive relative to computation. Evaluating power-performance design trade-offs at the architectural level still requires more research study. In this dissertation, we will show how microprocessor power, especially in the memory sub-system, is consumed during program execution. We also show that the external memory system in a low power System-on-a-Chip (SOC) embedded system has significant impact on overall system power. The source of memory power consumption is due to the data transmission, bandwidth limitation, and memory access overhead. We review and summarize the current research work on low power microprocessor architecture design in academic research community and in industry world. The work includes power modeling, power estimation tools and power optimization techniques. In addition, we summarize different power optimization into five categories and compare their effects and impacts to the overall system. Two solutions are proposed to reduce data bandwidth and to improve the power efficiency on the external memory bus. We first propose an external bus arbitrator to schedule the external bus requests in order to achieve better bus utilization. We propose a series of power aware arbitration schemes for the external bus request scheduling. On average, we observe a 22 percent performance speed up and 13 percent power savings compared to traditional arbitration schemes. In our second approach, we present a hardware-based, programmable external memory page remapping mechanism which can significantly improve system performance and decrease the power budget on external memory bus accesses. We employ graph-coloring techniques to guide the page mapping procedure. Our algorithm can significantly reduce the memory page miss rate by 70-80 percent on average. For a 4-bank SDRAM memory system, we reduce external memory access time by 11 percent, while reducing the associated power consumed by 11 percent.
Download or read book Memory Allocation Problems in Embedded Systems written by Maria Soto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-24 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embedded systems are everywhere in contemporary life and are supposed to make our lives more comfortable. In industry, embedded systems are used to manage and control complex systems (e.g. nuclear power plants, telecommunications and flight control) and they are also taking an important place in our daily activities (e.g. smartphones, security alarms and traffic lights). In the design of embedded systems, memory allocation and data assignment are among the main challenges that electronic designers have to face. In fact, they impact heavily on the main cost metrics (power consumption, performance and area) in electronic devices. Thus designers of embedded systems have to pay careful attention in order to minimize memory requirements, thus improving memory throughput and limiting the power consumption by the system’s memory. Electronic designers attempt to minimize memory requirements with the aim of lowering the overall system costs. A state of the art of optimization techniques for memory management and data assignment is presented in this book.
Download or read book Experimental and Efficient Algorithms written by Klaus Jansen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, WEA 2003, held in Ascona, Switzerland in May 2003. The 19 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The focus of the volume is on applications of efficient algorithms for combinatorial problems.
Download or read book Fast Efficient and Predictable Memory Accesses written by Lars Wehmeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-08 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speed improvements in memory systems have not kept pace with the speed improvements of processors, leading to embedded systems whose performance is limited by the memory. This book presents design techniques for fast, energy-efficient and timing-predictable memory systems that achieve high performance and low energy consumption. In addition, the use of scratchpad memories significantly improves the timing predictability of the entire system, leading to tighter worst case execution time bounds.
Download or read book High Performance Computing HiPC 2002 written by Sartaj Sahni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on High Performance Computing, HiPC 2002, held in Bangalore, India in December 2002. The 57 revised full contributed papers and 9 invited papers presented together with various keynote abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from 145 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on algorithms, architecture, systems software, networks, mobile computing and databases, applications, scientific computation, embedded systems, and biocomputing.
Download or read book Scalable and Near Optimal Design Space Exploration for Embedded Systems written by Angeliki Kritikakou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes scalable and near-optimal, processor-level design space exploration (DSE) methodologies. The authors present design methodologies for data storage and processing in real-time, cost-sensitive data-dominated embedded systems. Readers will be enabled to reduce time-to-market, while satisfying system requirements for performance, area, and energy consumption, thereby minimizing the overall cost of the final design.
Download or read book Hardware Software Techniques for Memory Power Optimizations in Embedded Processors written by Rajiv A. Ravindran and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time and Power Optimization for Heterogeneous Parallel Embedded Systems written by Meikang Qiu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many high-performance DSP processors employ multi-bank on-chip memory to improve performance and energy consumption. This architectural feature supports higher memory bandwidth by allowing multiple data memory accesses to be executed in parallel. However, making effective use of multi-bank memory remains difficult, considering the combined effect of performance and energy requirement. In this project, our focus is to study the assignment and scheduling problem that minimizes the total energy while satisfying performance requirements. Our approach has several major contributions: First, we study the combined effects of energy-saving and performance of memory in a systematic approach. Second, we exploit the energy saving of memory with memory type assignment. Third, data locality has been improved by using variable partition.
Download or read book Data Remapping for Design Space Optimization of Embedded Cache Systems written by Krishna V. Palem and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management and Optimization for Non volatile Memories in Embedded Systems written by Jingtong Hu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On-chip cache typically consumes 25%-50% of the processor's area and energy consumption, Scratch Pad Memory (SPM), a software-controlled on-chip memory, has been widely adopted in many embedded systems due to SPM's smaller area and lower power consumption. However, leakage power consumption is becoming a critical issue for SPM in embedded system. To address this problem, we propose a novel hybrid SPM (HSPM) which consists of SRAM and NVM to take advantage of the ultra-low leakage power and high density of NVM. Novel dynamic data management algorithms are proposed to make use of the full potential of NVM for both single-core and multi-core processors. The proposed novel HSPM with the new data management algorithm can greatly reduce the memory access time, dynamic energy and leakage power consumption.
Download or read book Energy Optimization by Scratchpad Memory Banking for Embedded Systems written by Noha Abuaesh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In real-time data-intensive multimedia processing applications, data transfer and storage significantly influence, if not dominate, all the major cost parameters of the design space - namely power consumption, performance, and chip area. Hierarchical memory organizations are used in embedded systems to reduce energy consumption and improve performance by exploiting the non-uniformity of memory accesses, by assigning the frequently-accessed data to low levels of the hierarchy. Moreover, within a given level, energy can be further reduced and performance further enhanced by memory partitioning - whose principle is to divide the address space in several smaller blocks and to map these blocks to physical memory banks. Scratch-pad memories (SPMs) offer a good compromise - as on-chip storage in embedded systems - when taking into account performance, energy consumption, and die area. This thesis addresses the problem of optimizing the partitioning of SPMs. Different from previous techniques, this approach has as main input the application code, rather than a memory access trace obtained by simulation. The approach builds upon a framework that employs a formal model operating with integral polyhedra, using techniques specific to the data-dependence analysis employed in modern compilers. Thus, and unlike previous techniques, the problems of data assignment to the memory layers and banking the on-chip memory are addressed in a consistent way, based on the same formal model. Another major difference is that the cost function takes into account all the three major design objectives, letting the designers decide on their relative importance for a specific project. The main design target is the reduction of the static and dynamic energy consumption in the memory subsystem, but the same formal model and algorithmic flow can be also applied to reduce the overall time of access to memories. The proposed approach proved to be computationally fast and very efficient when tested for several data-intensive applications, whose behavioral specifications contain multidimensional arrays as main data structures.
Download or read book High Performance Computing written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bridging Processor and Memory Performance in ILP Processors Via Data remapping written by Jinwoo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minimizing Memory Access Cost in Embedded Systems written by Yibo Guo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embedded systems are extensively utilized in various aspects of the modern world, which fosters great demands on better performance, lower energy consumption, and smaller area. Many researchers have pointed out that caches and memory systems of the embedded applications not only consume the majority of the power, but also become the bottleneck of the performance and area improvement. In order to tackle this problem, some optimization methods that are specially designed for the memory systems on the embedded applications have been proposed, since the embedded applications are often working under the specific environment and the inputs are limited. This dissertation studies the strategy and techniques of minimizing the memory access cost of various embedded systems, including the single-core system, multi-core system, and loop-centric applications. A hardware-controlled cache, though popular for general computers, may not be the best architectural solution for embedded systems because it consumes large die area and too much energy. Scratch Pad Memories, also known as SPMs, can be used as a substitution of traditional cache for the embedded systems. The difference between SPMs and the traditional caches is that SPMs are controlled by software or programmers. Therefore, it is crucial to design some novel data placement algorithms in order to efficiently utilize the SPMs on an embedded system. Especially, when there are multiple types of memory in a single system, the data placement method always directly affects the performance and the energy cost. In this dissertation, we present a thorough study for multi-level memory systems and propose several optimizing techniques. On the other hand, for the multi-core embedded systems, traditional data placement methods cannot be simply applied. Therefore, this dissertation proposes a data placement method with data duplication in order to minimize the memory access cost for the whole system. To take advantage of the noticeable pattern of some loop-centric applications, this dissertation also proposes a novel data placement method that can tremendously improve the performance as well as save energy cost.
Download or read book Dynamic Memory Management for Embedded Systems written by David Atienza Alonso and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic and unified methodology, including basic principles and reusable processes, for dynamic memory management (DMM) in embedded systems. The authors describe in detail how to design and optimize the use of dynamic memory in modern, multimedia and network applications, targeting the latest generation of portable embedded systems, such as smartphones. Coverage includes a variety of design and optimization topics in electronic design automation of DMM, from high-level software optimization to microarchitecture-level hardware support. The authors describe the design of multi-layer dynamic data structures for the final memory hierarchy layers of the target portable embedded systems and how to create a low-fragmentation, cost-efficient, dynamic memory management subsystem out of configurable components for the particular memory allocation and de-allocation patterns for each type of application. The design methodology described in this book is based on propagating constraints among design decisions from multiple abstraction levels (both hardware and software) and customizing DMM according to application-specific data access and storage behaviors.
