Download or read book Plant soil Feedback as a Mechanism for the Invasive Success of Phalaris Arundinacea written by Sean M. Wheelock and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Invasion Success written by Matthew H. Lurie and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding why some non-native plants become successful invaders while most fail to invade can help in assessing risks of invasion. Plants that have evolved defensive traits to resist and/or tolerate herbivory may be more successful invaders since herbivory can potentially prevent species from establishing or regulate existing populations. Plant-soil feedbacks may also enhance dominance of invasive species through allelopathy, changes in soil chemical properties, and interactions with soil biota that promote their own growth and suppress recruitment and growth of co-occurring species. I investigated herbivory as barrier to post-establishment invasion success by conducting three sets of experiments that compared invasive and non-invasive woody species in Hawaii. I measured: seedling acceptability to two generalist herbivores in laboratory no-choice feeding trials, foliar herbivory on seedlings in a field common garden, and seedling tolerance to simulated foliar herbivory in a greenhouse. I also investigated the role plant-soil feedbacks play in the dominance of an invasive tree in Hawaii, Ardisia elliptica, by conducting greenhouse soil feedback experiments to determine if A. elliptica positively impacts its own growth and suppresses growth of two co-occurring species. I found that: 1. There was no general difference in resistance to herbivores between invasive and non-invasive species in feeding trials or the common garden experiment. 2. There was no general difference in tolerance to simulated herbivory between invasive and non-invasive species. 3. There was no evidence of positive soil feedbacks promoting A. elliptica growth. 4. Soil taken from beneath A. elliptica did not suppress growth of two co-occurring species. Thus, herbivory and plant-soil feedbacks do not appear to be playing a strong role in post-establishment invasion success of the species I investigated, suggesting that we still lack a comprehensive understanding of what factors drive invasion success or failure.
Download or read book The Influence of Soil Feedback and Plant Traits on Competition Between an Invasive Plant and Co occurring Native and Exotic Species written by Gary Poon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Official Meeting Program written by Ecological Society of America. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interactions of Invasive Plants with Soil Biota written by Cornelia Bäucker and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2013 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystems worldwide are influenced by invasive species in their functioning in a multitude of ways. The success of invasive plants must be regarded as highly context-dependent and linked to a combination of both abiotic and biotic factors, and multiple mechanisms. In particular, biotic interactions of invasive species with their new environment may be the key driver for the successful spread into new areas. The author Cornelia Baucker reports about the interaction of invasive plants with belowground organisms, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In addition to a general introduction and a summary of the relevant results, this book consists of three studies, which are structured as journal articles. Two studies focus on the importance of the AM symbiosis for the successful spread of common ragweed in the new European range. Another study is dedicated to the phenomenon of heterocarpy of the non-native plant species gallant soldier in a soil feedback experiment. This book is intended for both national and international scientists, especially plant ecologists and mycorrhizal experts."
Download or read book The Community level and Ecosystem level Consequences of Feedbacks Between the Soil Ecosystem and the Plant Community During Forest Understory Invasion written by Kenneth John Elgersma and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses the consequences of reciprocal interactions between the plant and the soil microbial communities, and how those interactions affect nutrient cycling and plant competition during exotic plant invasion. Each chapter is linked by the common theme of evaluating the importance of these feedbacks to the rate of plant invasion in the forest understory. In the first two chapters, I utilize microcosms to evaluate the importance of leaf litter inputs for plant-soil feedback. The first chapter demonstrates that leaf litter from native and exotic plants create divergent soil microbial communities, altering soil enzyme activities and nitrogen cycling, which in turn affects the growth of native and invasive plants. However, while this plant-soil interaction affects growth rate, it does not change the competitive hierarchy or the success of the invasive plant. The second chapter shows how the effect of an exotic species' leaf litter on soil microbes varies over a range of invasion severity. Using litter mixtures ranging from 0% to 100% exotic litter, I show that ecosystem-level effects of invasion on carbon and nitrogen cycling are linearly related to the exotic plant density, while community-level effects on soil microbes are non-linear and very sensitive to low levels of invasion. In the final chapters, I extend these results to examine whole-plant effects in more natural plant communities. The third chapter uses a large-scale field experiment to explore the temporal dynamics of invasion impacts. I show that the short-term impact of native and invasive plants on soil microbes is weak, while long-term effects are much stronger. However, after restoration of native plants, the legacy effect of invasion remains strong. Using experimental litter-removal, I also show that belowground plant litter more strongly influences the soil microbial community than aboveground litter. The fourth chapter examines how the diversity of the native community influences the invasion impact on soils. I show that while diversity has little direct effect, individual native plant species can influence how an exotic invasive shrub affects the soil ecosystem. Together, these results show that the importance of plant-soil feedbacks for exotic invasion is context- and scale-dependent, exhibiting nonlinear dynamics that depend on the native community and the degree of invasion, and vary in strength over time.
Download or read book The Role of Plant soil Feedback in Exotic Plant Invasion written by Kelly Dawn Schradin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants alter soil characteristics in many ways causing changes in their subsequent growth resulting in either positive or negative feedback on their own fitness. Plants in their native ranges typically experience negative feedback from natural enemies, while feedback is often positive in invaded ranges where they escape enemies, experience new beneficial mutualisms, or bring with them a novel biochemical weapon. I conducted a fully factorial greenhouse experiment to examine plant-soil feedback in the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii and whether or not positive feedback may contribute to its successful invasion in southern Ohio. I also investigated whether the sign and strength of the feedback changed across two distinct soil types, and whether effects were due to shifts in biotic or abiotic soil traits by analyzing soil properties, phenolic content and microbial communities. I compared L. maackii's response to the related native shrub, Diervilla lonicera, using their conditioned soils along with soil conditioned by an unrelated native tree, Fraxinus pennsylvanica. I hypothesized that L. maackii would experience positive feedback overall in both soil types. L. maackii showed positive feedback in Shawnee soils, but neutral to negative feedback in Wright State soils. Growth of L. maackii decreased and positive feedback was eliminated with sterilization in Shawnee soil which may indicate that it had benefitted from mutualisms that were destroyed by sterilization. In Wright State soil, sterilization significantly increased growth, suggesting L. maackii had been released from pathogenic organisms found in live soils. Despite this, feedback became even more negative with sterilization in Wright State soil which may be a sign that its own phytochemicals hinder its growth in the absence of biotic symbioses. Lonicera maackii performed similarly in its own soils and in those of F. pennsylvanica and D. lonicera, regardless of soil type. Our findings also suggest native species are controlled by negative feedbacks in their own soils. Diervilla lonicera displayed negative feedback overall in its own unsterilized soil regardless of soil type, but sterilization eliminated or reversed feedback relationships. Growth of Diervilla lonicera varied little in soils conditioned by L. maackii and F. pennsylvanica in both soil types. Our results indicate that both soil type and soil microorganisms play a large role in plant-soil feedback, yet feedback in L. maackii is dependent on soil type. Our evidence reveals that sign and strength of feedback can vary with soil source. This is the first study to examine plant-soil feedback in L. maackii, one of the most important invaders in Ohio uplands.
Download or read book Ecological Assembly Rules and Soil Legacy Effects in the Restoration of an Invaded Plant Community written by Bridget Hilbig and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the composition of ecological communities that arise from potential species pools has implications for community assembly and applications for restoration. Invasive species pose special challenges to restoration by contributing to ecosystem degradation as well as resisting restoration efforts. In the face of such challenges, understanding the complex of mechanisms working together to enable an invasive species to establish and spread may lead to better management strategies and greater restoration success. The overall objective of this dissertation is to understand mechanisms contributing to the success of a Mediterranean annual grass, Bromus diandrus, through the use of both field and greenhouse studies, and to use this understanding to inform restoration of invaded ecosystems. More specifically, I consider three potential mechanisms of invasion: 1) plant functional traits, 2) plant-soil feedback, and 3) soil legacy effects. The results of the studies of this dissertation demonstrate that multiple mechanisms of invasion promote Bromus diandrus success. First, functionally similar native plant communities did not demonstrate biotic resistance to B. diandrus invasion during restoration studies. Rather, earlier germination and larger seed mass of B. diandrus allows this invasive grass to establish even in the presence of morphologically similar native species with greater relative growth rates. Second, positive plant-soil feedback in B. diandrus attributed to the fine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contributes to its overall success. Lastly, strong soil legacies in abandoned agriculture also contribute to B. diandrus invasion and inhibit successful reestablishment of native plants. Root fungal pathogens found in abandoned agricultural fields result in decreased biomass of some native species as well as B. diandrus . A greater understanding of the mechanisms contributing to B. diandrus invasion success suggests that restoration attempts should seed with functionally similar natives while manipulating germination cues and utilize facilitated microbial inoculations to reduce Bromus diandrus establishment. However, many mechanisms contribute to the overall success of this invasive species making it competitively superior, and eradication of B. diandrus on a large scale is unlikely.
Download or read book The Ecology of Mycorrhizae written by Michael F. Allen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-04-25 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great many terrestrial plants live in close association with fungi. The features of this association, which is known as mycorrhiza, are those of a mutualistic symbiosis. Almost all plants from mycorrhizae whereby the fungus provides soil resources to the plant in exchange for energy provided by the plant. The symbiosis means greater productivity under stress for the plant and a steady energy supply for the fungus. This book addresses the diverse and complex ways in which mycorrhizae affect the mechanism for plant survival as individuals and populations, for community structure and functioning. An evolutionary/ecological approach is used to describe how and under what conditions mycorrhizal symbioses range from managing natural and agricultural lands to biotechnological processes that enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. The Ecology of Mycorrhizae will be an invaluable book, applicable to all levels of theoretical and applied research in agronomy, botany, ecology, environmental microbiology, and plant pathology.
Download or read book American Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creating and Restoring Wetlands written by Christopher Craft and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating and Restoring Wetlands: From Theory to Practice, Second Edition describes the challenges and opportunities relating to the restoration of freshwater and estuarine wetlands in natural, agricultural, and urban environments in the coming century. This second edition is structured by clearly defined chapters based on specific wetland types (e.g. Peatlands, Mangroves) and with a consistent and coherent organization for ease of discoverability. The table of contents is divided into four main subjects: Foundations, Restoration of Freshwater Wetlands, Restoration of Estuarine Wetlands, and From Theory to Practice, each with multiple chapters. Part 1, Foundations, contains chapters describing definitions of wetlands, ecological theory used to guide restoration, and considerations on where to implement restoration on the landscape. In Parts 2 and 3, restoration of specific freshwater (marshes, forests, peatlands) and estuarine (tidal marshes, mangroves) wetlands are described. Part 4, From Theory to Practice, contains chapters describing performance standards to gauge success of projects and case studies describing small-scale and large-scale restoration projects of various freshwater and estuarine wetlands. Each chapter contains clearly labeled sections which assist the reader to quickly and easily key in on the subject matter that they are seeking. The approach of Creating and Restoring Wetlands is unique in that, in each chapter, it links ecological theory important to ecosystem restoration with practical techniques to undertake and implement successful wetland restoration projects, including recommendations for performance standards to gauge success as well as realistic expectations and timescales for achieving success. Each chapter ends with a summary table describing keys to ensure success for a given wetland ecosystem. Each chapter ends with a summary table describing keys to ensure success for a given wetland ecosystem Written by a single author, providing a consistent structure that is coherent, cohesive and well referenced Contains case studies of small- and large-scale restoration activities ensuring relevance to individuals and organizations
Download or read book Invasive Plants and Forest Ecosystems written by Ravinder Kumar Kohli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the worldwide human population explodes and trade becomes increasingly globalized, the transboundary movement of plant species from their place of origin to foreign regions is escalating and expected to experience continued growth in the coming decades. Invasive non-native species pose one of the greatest challenges for natural resource managers who are charged with the maintenance of biological diversity and the sustainable production of forest resources. With international contributors presenting an informed and integrated approach to the control of havoc-wrecking species, Invasive Plants and Forest Ecosystems provides the most updated information on invading plants, their impacts on forest ecosystems, and control strategies. This text addresses such important issues as the socioeconomic and policy aspects of plant invasion and offers complete coverage of their ecological impacts and the varied levels of threats in diverse situations.
Download or read book Tidal Freshwater Wetlands written by Aat Barendregt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salal Complex written by P. G. Comeau and published by . This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This operational summary provides information about vegetation management in the salal complex. This complex is almost completely comprised of salal (Gaultheria shallon). Herbaceous and other shrubby species constitute only a very minor component of this complex. Topics covered in this summary include development of the complex and its interaction with crop trees; non-timber values and pre-harvest considerations; and management strategies for current and backlog sites.
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Download or read book A Handbook of Global Freshwater Invasive Species written by Robert A. Francis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive non-native species are a major threat to global biodiversity. Often introduced accidentally through international travel or trade, they invade and colonize new habitats, often with devastating consequences for the local flora and fauna. Their environmental impacts can range from damage to resource production (e.g. agriculture and forestry) and infrastructure (e.g. buildings, road and water supply), to human health. They consequently can have major economic impacts. It is a priority to prevent their introduction and spread, as well as to control them. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly at risk from invasions and are landscape corridors that facilitate the spread of invasives. This book reviews the current state of knowledge of the most notable global invasive freshwater species or groups, based on their severity of economic impact, geographic distribution outside of their native range, extent of research, and recognition of the ecological severity of the impact of the species by the IUCN. As well as some of the very well-known species, the book also covers some invasives that are emerging as serious threats. Examples covered include a range of aquatic and riparian plants, insects, molluscs, crustacea, fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals, as well as some major pathogens of aquatic organisms. The book also includes overview chapters synthesizing the ecological impact of invasive species in fresh water and summarizing practical implications for the management of rivers and other freshwater habitats.
Download or read book Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession written by Lawrence R. Walker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative book integrates practical information from restoration projects around the world with the latest developments in successional theory. It recognizes the critical roles of disturbance ecology, landscape ecology, ecological assembly, invasion biology, ecosystem health, and historical ecology in habitat restoration. It argues that restoration within a successional context will best utilize the lessons from each of these disciplines.
