Download or read book Optical Microendoscopy for Imaging Cells Lying Deep Within Live Tissue written by Robert Juson Barretto and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical microendoscopy is an emerging modality for imaging in live subjects. Using gradient refractive index (GRIN) microlenses, microendoscopy enables subcellular-resolution imaging in deep tissues that are inaccessible by traditional imaging techniques. We present a platform of methods and technologies that build upon GRIN microendoscopy: 1) miniaturized microscopes for imaging in awake, behaving animals, 2) methods for imaging contractile dynamics in the muscles of animal and human subjects, 3) chronic brain preparations that allow for longitudinal examinations of subcellular neuronal features and disease progression, and 4) novel microendoscope probes whose imaging capabilities approach that of standard water-immersion microscope objectives. When combined with the broad sets of available fluorescent reporters, and minimally invasive surgical preparations, the work described in this dissertation enables sophisticated experimental designs for probing how cellular char- acteristics may underlie or explain behavior, in models of both healthy and diseased states.
Download or read book Optical Microendoscopy for Imaging Cells Lying Deep Within Live Tissue written by Robert Juson Barretto and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical microendoscopy is an emerging modality for imaging in live subjects. Using gradient refractive index (GRIN) microlenses, microendoscopy enables subcellular-resolution imaging in deep tissues that are inaccessible by traditional imaging techniques. We present a platform of methods and technologies that build upon GRIN microendoscopy: 1) miniaturized microscopes for imaging in awake, behaving animals, 2) methods for imaging contractile dynamics in the muscles of animal and human subjects, 3) chronic brain preparations that allow for longitudinal examinations of subcellular neuronal features and disease progression, and 4) novel microendoscope probes whose imaging capabilities approach that of standard water-immersion microscope objectives. When combined with the broad sets of available fluorescent reporters, and minimally invasive surgical preparations, the work described in this dissertation enables sophisticated experimental designs for probing how cellular char- acteristics may underlie or explain behavior, in models of both healthy and diseased states.
Download or read book Optical Probes in Biology written by Jin Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical probes, particularly the fluorescent varieties, enable researchers to observe cellular events in real time and with great spatial resolution. Optical Probes in Biology explores the diverse capabilities of these powerful and versatile tools and presents various approaches used to design, develop, and implement them. The book examines the use
Download or read book Bridging the Gap in Neuroelectronic Interfaces written by Jeffrey R. Capadona and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-09 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Search for Antidepressants An Integrative View of Drug Discovery written by Andre F. Carvalho and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-07-10 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, chronic, and recurring mental disorder. This disorder is a leading source of disability worldwide, and is associated with excess mortality rates. Currently approved antidepressants primarily enhance, or otherwise modulate monoaminergic neurotransmission, without curing the disease. Evidence indicates that only one third of patients with MDD achieve remission after treatment with a first-line antidepressant agent. Research in the past two decades has provided valuable insights into the pathophysiological understanding of MDD. However, there is an acknowledged ‘translational gap’ in the field, and few genuinely novel antidepressants have been approved for the treatment of MDD. The Search for Anti Depressants provides readers an in-depth picture of the main pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the development of MDD in patients. Chapters in the volume focus on possible strategies to spur the discovery of novel antidepressants. This book is an indispensable reference for mental health care providers, students at both under-graduate and graduate levels, and neuroscientists interested in the neurobiology of MDD and recent advances towards the discovery of next generation antidepressants.
Download or read book Intrusive Thinking written by Peter W. Kalivas and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the neurological and behavioral mechanisms and processes involved in intrusive thinking. On any given day, unintended, recurrent thoughts intrude on our thinking and affect our behavior in ways that can be adaptive. Such thoughts, however, become intrusive and problematic when they are unwanted, become compulsive, or lead to socially or medically unacceptable behavior. This volume explores what goes on in our brains to create thought intrusions, and how these instrusions lead to maladaptive behavior.
Download or read book Advanced Imaging Methods in Neuroscience written by João O. Malva and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 3686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.
Download or read book Axial Response of High Resolution Microendoscopy in Scattering Media with and Without Structured Illumination written by Michael Harten Koucky and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) uses epi-fluorescence imaging with a coherent fiber-optic bundle to enable in vivo examination of cellular morphology. While the HRME platform has recently gained popularity as a simple alternative to confocal endomicroscopy, the axial response of HRME in thick, scattering tissue has yet to be described quantitatively. This is important because when analyzing images collected by HRME, out-of-focus light may affect the accuracy of quantitative parameters such as nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio, which has been proposed as a diagnostic indicator of dysplasia or cancer. In the first part of this thesis, the imaging properties of the HRME system are investigated using phantoms simulating scattering tissue with fluorescently labeled nuclei. HRME images defocused (deep) objects with apparent diameters and intensity levels that are in agreement with a simple geometric model. Out-of-focus nuclei contribute a relatively low, uniform background level to images which neither leads to the erroneous appearance of large nuclei from deep layers, nor prevents accurate imaging of superficial nuclei with high contrast. Proflavine has been used as a fluorescent contrast agent for HRME imaging, brightly labeling nuclei without staining the surrounding cytoplasm or organelles. If a non-specific fluorophore such as fluorescein is used, the removal of out-of-focus (OOF) light would be desirable. Optical sectioning is a property of some imaging systems, whereby OOF signal light is removed or rejected from the image. Optical sectioning is commonly associated with confocal microscopy and non-linear imaging methods such as multi-photon microscopy. In contrast, structured illumination (SI) is an imaging modality which is capable of providing optical sectioning without requiring raster scanning of a tightly focused laser beam. SI was integrated with the HRME platform and demonstrated to be an effective method of suppressing OOF signals, with comparable results to confocal. Theory, example images, programming considerations, and methods to minimize artifacts specific to SI are considered.
Download or read book Nonlinear Optical Microscopy for the Invisible written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 6 theoretically and analytically depicts two additional SNFM techniques of stimulated emission reduced fluorescence (SERF) microscopy and focal saturation microscopy. Both MPAI and focal saturation microscopies exhibit a fourth order power dependence, which is effectively a four-photon process. SERF presents a third order power dependence for a three-photon process.
Download or read book Integrated Multi Spectral Fluorescence Confocal Microendoscope and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging System for Tissue Screening written by Houssine Makhlouf and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-modality imaging system intended for clinical utilization has been developed. It is constructed around an existing fiber-bundle-based fluorescence confocal microendoscope. Additional imaging modalities have been implemented to expand the capabilities of the system and improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis. A multi-spectral mode of operation is one such modality. It acquires fluorescence images of a biological sample across a spectral range of sensitivity and explores the collected image data at any specified wavelength within that spectral range. Cellular structures can be differentiated according to their spectral properties. The relative distribution and concentration of the different cellular structures can potentially provide useful pathologic information about the imaged tissue. A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) modality is another imaging technique integrated into the system. It provides a cross-sectional imaging perspective that is comparable to microscopic images obtained from histology slides and complementary to the en face view obtained from the confocal imaging modality. The imaging system uses a parallelized architecture (fiber-optic bundle, line of illumination) to increase the data acquisition speed. A one-dimensional scan is needed to capture 2D images in the confocal modality or a 3D data cube (two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension) in the multi-spectral mode of operation. No scanning is required to capture a 2D OCT image. The fiber-bundle design is particularly critical for the SDOCT modality as it paves the way to novel fast endoscopic OCT imaging that has a high potential for translation into the clinic. The integrated multi-modality imaging system can readily switch between different imaging modalities, which will make it a powerful diagnostic tool in a clinical environment. It can provide valuable information about the morphology, the spectral and biochemical features, and the macroscopic architecture of tissue. It is believed that fast and accurate disease diagnosis can potentially be made based on all these characteristics.
Download or read book Optical Methods for Deep tissue Imaging Precise Mapping of Cellular Topography and Single molecule Stoichiometry Analysis written by Avtar Singh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy have proven crucial to biological investigations because of their superior contrast, molecular specificity, gentle nature and diverse information content. However, despite these key advantages, the technologies are continually evolving to address limitations in spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, quantification, multiplexing and other areas. This thesis describes wide-ranging efforts to understand the capabilities of fluorescence-based methods and to push the boundaries of biophysical measurement through new instrumentation and analysis strategies. We begin with an investigation into the depth limit of two-photon microscopy and its dependence on tissue scattering. A customized sample cell and two-detector measurement chamber are used to study the influence of fundamental objective lens parameters on fluorescence excitation and emission in turbid media. The results advocate the use of large field-of-view objectives with low excitation numerical aperture (NA) and high collection NA, encouraging the development of novel detection geometries and objective lens designs that decouple these latter two parameters. The advent of super-resolution imaging has inspired a surge of innovation aimed at combatting longstanding problems in the field of microscopy. One especially challenging goal has been to develop methods with molecular-scale precision in the axial dimension. While interferometric approaches such as scanning angle interference microscopy (SAIM) have yielded the necessary precision, their ability to capture livecell dynamics has remained limited. A second project details an azimuthal scanning platform that boosts SAIM temporal resolution by an order of magnitude without compromising on spatial information. Furthermore, our scanning instrumentation serves as versatile platform for general-purpose quantitative biological imaging. A major caveat of single molecule imaging is the in vitro nature of many experiments. A third set of experiments aims to bridge the gap between traditional single molecule work and a biological relevant setting. We develop a new strategy to assemble protein complexes at physiological concentrations and dilute them to single molecule levels without any exogenous chemical agents. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and stepwise photobleaching are then used to study the oligomeric character of individual complexes without removing them from their native environment. Although we demonstrate the utility of our approach through subunit stoichiometry measurements, it represents a generalizable strategy to extend single molecule imaging to the cellular mileu.
Download or read book Live Cell Optical Microscopy with Limited Light Dose written by Herbert Schneckenburger and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Live-cell microscopy is a rapidly growing field for the detection of cell or tissue architecture and for cell metabolism. This Spotlight examines the early detection of diseases and cellular responses to pharmaceutical agents with 3-D systems and non-phototoxic light doses. Techniques discussed in this eBook include 3-D microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, membrane imaging, long-exposure imaging, and spectral imaging.
Download or read book Make Life Visible written by Yoshiaki Toyama and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes marked advances in imaging technology that have enabled the visualization of phenomena in ways formerly believed to be completelyimpossible. These technologies have made major contributions to the elucidation of the pathology of diseases as well as to their diagnosis and therapy. The volume presents various studies from molecular imaging to clinical imaging. It also focuses on innovative, creative, advanced research that gives full play to imaging technology inthe broad sense, while exploring cross-disciplinary areas in which individual research fields interact and pursuing the development of new techniques where they fuse together. The book is separated into three parts, the first of which addresses the topic of visualizing and controlling molecules for life. Th e second part is devoted to imaging of disease mechanisms, while the final part comprises studies on the application of imaging technologies to diagnosis and therapy. Th e book contains the proceedings of the 12th Uehara International Symposium 2017, “Make Life Visible” sponsored by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and held from June 12 to 14, 2017. It is written by leading scientists in the field and is an open access publication under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Download or read book Imaging written by Rafael Yuste and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imaging: A Laboratory Manual is organized into three sections, each containing background information and step-by-step protocols
Download or read book Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience written by Matt Carter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern neuroscience research is inherently multidisciplinary, with a wide variety of cutting edge new techniques to explore multiple levels of investigation. This Third Edition of Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience provides a comprehensive overview of classical and cutting edge methods including their utility, limitations, and how data are presented in the literature. This book can be used as an introduction to neuroscience techniques for anyone new to the field or as a reference for any neuroscientist while reading papers or attending talks. - Nearly 200 updated full-color illustrations to clearly convey the theory and practice of neuroscience methods - Expands on techniques from previous editions and covers many new techniques including in vivo calcium imaging, fiber photometry, RNA-Seq, brain spheroids, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and more - Clear, straightforward explanations of each technique for anyone new to the field - A broad scope of methods, from noninvasive brain imaging in human subjects, to electrophysiology in animal models, to recombinant DNA technology in test tubes, to transfection of neurons in cell culture - Detailed recommendations on where to find protocols and other resources for specific techniques - "Walk-through" boxes that guide readers through experiments step-by-step
Download or read book Adaptive Optics for Biological Imaging written by Joel A Kubby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive Optics for Biological Imaging brings together groundbreaking research on the use of adaptive optics for biological imaging. The book builds on prior work in astronomy and vision science. Featuring contributions by leaders in this emerging field, it takes an interdisciplinary approach that makes the subject accessible to nonspecialists who want to use adaptive optics techniques in their own work in biology and bioengineering. Organized into three parts, the book covers principles, methods, and applications of adaptive optics for biological imaging, providing the reader with the following benefits: Gives a general overview of applied optics, including definitions and vocabulary, to lay a foundation for clearer communication across disciplines Explains what kinds of optical aberrations arise in imaging through various biological tissues, and what technology can be used to correct for these aberrations Explores research done with a variety of biological samples and imaging instruments, including wide-field, confocal, and two-photon microscopes Discusses both indirect wavefront sensing, which uses an iterative approach, and direct wavefront sensing, which uses a parallel approach Since the sample is an integral part of the optical system in biological imaging, the field will benefit from participation by biologists and biomedical researchers with expertise in applied optics. This book helps lower the barriers to entry for these researchers. It also guides readers in selecting the approach that works best for their own applications.
