Download or read book Observation of Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges in the Great Lakes and Their Implications for Modeling and Monitoring Zion D C Cook and J A FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of thermal plumes from submerged discharges of power plant cooling waters into the Great Lakes provide the opportunity to view the mixing processes at prototype scales and to observe the effects of the ambient environment on those processes. Examples of thermal plume behavior in Great Lakes' ambient environments are presented to demonstrate the importance of measurements of the detailed structure of the ambient environment, as well as of the plumes, for interpretation of prototype data for modeling and monitoring purposes. The examples are drawn from studies by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) at the Zion Nuclear PowerStation and the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant on Lake Michigan and at the J.A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Ontario. These studies included measurements of water temperatures from a moving boat which provide a quasi-synoptic view of the three-dimensional temperature structure of the thermal plume and ambient water environment. Additional measurements of water velocities, which are made with continuously recording, moored, and profiling current meters, and of wind provide data on the detailed structure of the ambient environment. The detailed structure of the ambient environment, in terms of current, current shear, variable winds, and temperature stratification, often influence greatly thermal plume behavior. Although predictive model techniques and monitoring objectives often ignore the detailed aspects of the ambient environment, useful interpretation of prototype data for model evaluation or calibration and monitoring purposes requires detailed measurement of the ambient environment. Examination of prototype thermal plume data indicates that, in several instances, attention to only the gross characteristics of the ambient environment can be misleading and could result in significant errors in model calibration and extrapolation of data bases gathered in monitoring observations.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observations of Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges in the Great Lakes and Their Implications for Modeling and Monitoring written by J. D. Ditmars and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Resources Research Program written by Robert A. Paddock and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Studies of Submerged diffuser Thermal Plumes with Comparisons to Predictive Model Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal plumes from submerged discharges of cooling water from two power plants on Lake Michigan were studied. The system for the acquisition of water temperatures and ambient conditions permitted the three-dimensional structure of the plumes to be determined. The Zion Nuclear Power Station has two submerged discharge structures separated by only 94 m. Under conditions of flow from both structures, interaction between the two plumes resulted in larger thermal fields than would be predicted by the superposition of single non-interacting plumes. Maximum temperatures in the near-field region of the plume compared favorably with mathematical model predictions. A comparison of physical-model predictions for the plume at the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant with prototype measurements indicated good agreement in the near-field region, but differences in the far-field occurred as similitude was not preserved there.
Download or read book Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges at Zion Nuclear Power Station written by Robert A. Paddock and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Studies of the Thermal Plume from the D C Cook Submerged Discharge with Comparisons to Hydraulic model Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant at Bridgman, Michigan, uses submerged- diffuser discharges as a means of disposing waste heat into Lake Michigan. Preliminary results of temperature surveys of the thermal plume at the D.C. Cook Plant are presented. Indications are that the spatial extent of the plume at the surface is much smaller than previous results for surface shoreline discharges, particularly in the near and intermediate portions of the plume. Comparisons of limited prototype data with hydraulic (tank)-model predictions indicate that the model predictions for centerline temperature decay at the surface are too high for the initial 200 m from the discharge, but are generally correct beyond this point to the limits of the model. In addition, the hydraulic-model results underestimate the areal extent of the near and intermediate portions of the plume at the surface. Because this is the first report of a new field program, several inadequacies in the field-measurement techniques are noted and discussed. New techniques that have been developed to remedy these deficiencies, and which will be implemented for future field work, are also described. (auth).
Download or read book Water Resources Research Program Thermal Plumes from Submerged Discharges at Zion Nuclear Power Station written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements were made of the thermal plumes from the two submerged discharges of the Zion plant into Lake Michigan during the summer of 1976. The survey results are reported in the form of horizontal isotherm maps at vertical intervals of 1.0 m, from the surface to a depth of 3.0 m, and of selected vertical cross sections. Ambient lake-water temperatures and currents were monitored throughout the study period. Analysis of data from two mappings of double plumes made in 1975 by Argonne at this site had indicated that significant interaction between the plumes from the adjacent discharges occurred in the presence of an ambient current. The interaction resulted in surface areas of the double plumes that were more than ten times the sum of two separate, single-discharge plumes. Comparisons of the results of the present surveys with the previous mappings are limited somewhat because of the difficulties in defining the ambient, or background, water temperature. Temperature data collected in the 1976 surveys exhibited large spatial and temporal variability. Vertical temperature stratification during one of these surveys resulted in entrainment of cooler near-bottom water, greatly reducing plume surface temperatures; and intrusion of a cool-water mass into the site area during the other survey made it possible to define only a range of ambient temperatures. The conclusions from the analysis of the additional double-plume data, constrained by the variability cited above, are that the surface isotherm areas associated with the downcurrent, shielded plume were larger than those of a single plume discharged in the same direction, and that the total double-plume surface isotherm area in one survey appears to exceed that of the sum of two separate, single-discharge plumes.
Download or read book Field Studies of the Thermal Plume from the D C Cook Submerged Discharge with Comparisons to Hydraulic model Results written by Arthur A. Frigo and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Review of Thermal Plume Modeling written by L. R. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Plumes in Lakes written by J. V. Tokar and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Thermal Plumes written by William E. Dunn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Monitoring of a Thermal Plume written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Phenomenological Model for the Prediction of Thermal Plumes in Large Lakes written by Ontario. Hydroelectric Power Commission and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Monitoring of the Gravelly Run Thermal Plume at Hopewell and the Thermal Plume at the Surry Nuclear Power Plant on the James River written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proposed Study of Thermal Plume Modeling in the Great Lakes written by Argonne National Laboratory. Center for Environmental Studies and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
