Download or read book miRNAs and Target Genes in Breast Cancer Metastasis written by Seema Sethi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief gives the latest research on the role of miRNAs in breast cancer metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently described small endogenous noncoding RNAs implicated in the posttranscriptional control of gene expression. These tiny molecules are involved in developmental, physiologic phenomenon as well as pathologic processes including cancers. In fact, miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cancer progression, invasion and metastasis. This is mainly because a single miRNA can affect several downstream genes and signaling pathways with oncogenic or tumor suppressor actions depending on the target genes affected. Due to this multimodal downstream signaling effects, these small endogenous molecules hold great promise in metastasis prevention and treatment. Modulating the activity of miRNAs can provide opportunities for novel cancer interventions. Targeting miRNAs could become a novel prognostic and therapeutic strategy to prevent the future development of metastasis. Thus, miRNAs could also serve as a potential targets for anti-metastatic therapy. The book explores how the expression of miRNAs in the primary tumor could be silenced using antagomirs (chemically modified anti-miRNA oligonucleotides), which could prevent the development of metastasis; whereas once metastasis develops then it could be treated with miRNA mimics for inducing its expression for the treatment. Therefore, development of miRNA-based prophylactic therapies could serve as precision and personalized medicine against future development of metastasis of breast and other cancers.

Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by César López-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets as well as the potential use in translational medicine. Chapters present comprehensive and expert perspectives on the roles of miRNAs in most common cancers from bench to bedside applications and are written by an international team of renowned experts in the field.

Download or read book MicroRNAs in Development and Cancer written by Frank J. Slack and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of gene expression during development and are frequently misexpressed in human disease states, in particular cancer. These 22-nucleotide-long transcripts act to promote or repress cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis during development, all of which are processes that go awry in cancer. Thus, microRNAs have the ability to behave like oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In addition, their small size and molecular properties make them amenable as targets and therapeutics in cancer treatment. This book goes into detail on how microRNAs represent a paradigm shift in thinking about gene regulation during development and disease, and provide the oncologist with a potentially powerful new battery of agents to diagnose and treat cancer.

Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer Translational Research written by William C.S. Cho and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-25 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cutting-edge topic in the scientific and medical fields. This is a timely and specialized book focusing on the current understanding of miRNAs and the potential for their application in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets. It also provides discussion of the lessons learned from translational miRNA studies and exploration of the next steps required to advance this field. The unique book comprises 22 in-depth chapters by gathering unparalleled topics of interest in miRNAs by international team of world-renowned experts in the field. The first fifteen chapters provide comprehensive and expert perspectives on the most common cancers from bench to bedside applications, there is no current book structured in this cancer-oriented way. The next seven chapters providing thorough overviews of miRNAs and cancer stem cells; miRNAs in cancer invasion and metastasis; miRNAs in predicting radiotherapy and chemotherapy response; as well as expounding the role of miRNA in anti-cancer drug resistance and as blood-based cancer biomarkers. Furthermore, this book explicates the interplay of miRNAs in cancer metabolism and an update on the pioneering RNAi-based treatment approaches is also presented. This specialized book will contribute great to the scientific and medical community by providing the up-to-date discoveries of miRNAs and their important roles in cancer translational research.

Download or read book Identification of Putative Metastasis Suppressor MicroRNA in Human Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastases are responsible for>90% of human cancer deaths; yet, our knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of metastasis remains fragmentary. MicroRNAs are short RNAs that suppress their targets post-transcriptionally, leading to modulation of diverse biological processes. MicroRNAs are well suited to regulate metastasis due to their capacity to concomitantly inhibit numerous target genes. We have identified a microRNA, miR-31, whose levels correlated inversely with metastatic recurrence in human breast cancer patients. Expression of miR-31 in otherwise-aggressive breast tumor cells impeded metastasis. We deployed a novel microRNA sponge strategy to stably inhibit miR-31; this allowed otherwise-non-aggressive breast cancer cells to metastasize. These phenotypes were achieved via pleiotropic modulation of a cohort of clinically relevant metastasis-promoting genes, which were over represented among the>200 mRNAs predicted to be direct targets of miR-31. In fact, we discovered that miR-31-evoked concurrent regulation of three such effectors - integrin alpha5, radixin, and RhoA - was sufficient to explain this microRNA's impacts on metastasis. Together, these findings provide insights into metastasis that may prove useful in the diagnosis and/or treatment of breast cancer.

Download or read book MicroRNA in Human Malignancies written by Massimo Negrini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA in Human Malignancies offers a deep overview of the role and translational significance of miRNAs in the development of cancer and other malignancies. The book establishes the foundations of the field by covering essential mechanisms and the translational potential of miRNAs in the field of oncology. Specific topics covered include invasion and metastasis, miRNAs and metabolism, and opportunities of miRNAs in therapeutics. Chapters on diseases include content on disease-related pathophysiology, as well as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value. This book is an essential reference for students entering the field, as well as researchers and investigators. Provides fundamental and translational chapters that facilitate the acquisition of knowledge needed to design and perform innovative miRNA-related research studies Synthesizes current research, with a critical review on the field Offers in-depth research by leading experts in the field

Download or read book MiRNAs in Differentiation and Development written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MiRNAs in Differentiation and Development, Volume 333, the latest in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. Topics in this updated volume include chapters on the Regulation of the DNA damage response by miRNAs, miRNAs and the p53 network, the Impact of miRNAs in the cellular response to hypoxia, miRNAs in oncogenesis and tumor suppression, and the Role of miRNAs in metastatic dissemination. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing articles on timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of nine years. This great resource ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with cell biology. Publishes only invited review articles on selected topics Authored by established and active cell and molecular biologists drawn from international sources Offers a wide range of perspectives on specific subjects

Download or read book Systems Biology of MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Ulf Schmitz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an update on the latest development in the field of microRNAs in cancer research with an emphasis on translational research. Since the early 2000s, microRNAs have been recognized as important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression. Soon it became evident that their deregulation can cause human diseases including cancer. This book focuses on the emerging opportunities for the application of microRNA research in clinical practice. In this context, computer models are presented that can help to identify novel biomarkers, e.g. in circulating microRNAs, and tools that can help to design microRNA-based therapeutic interventions. Other chapters evaluate the role of microRNAs in immunotherapy, immune responses and drug resistance. Covering key topics on microRNAs in cancer research this book is a valuable resource for both emerging and established microRNA researchers who want to explore the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets or co-adjuvants in cancer therapies.

Download or read book Roles of the MicroRNA MiR 31 in Tumor Metastasis and an Experimental System for the Unbiased Discovery of Genes Relevant for Breast Cancer Metastasis written by Scott John Valastyan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these studies, the microRNA miR-31 was identified as a potent inhibitor of breast cancer metastasis. miR-31 expression levels were inversely associated with the propensity to develop metastatic disease in human breast cancer patients. Additionally, various functional analysis revealed that miR-31 expression was both necessary and sufficient to impede breast cancer metastasis. These effects did not involve confounding influences on primary tumor development; instead, miR-31 exerted its anti-metastatic activities by impinging upon at least three distinct steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade: local invasion, one or more early post intravasation events, and metastatic colonization. At a mechanistic level, miR-31 impaired metastasis via the pleiotropic suppression of a cohort of target genes that otherwise operate to promote metastasis, including integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA. Significantly, the concomitant re-expression of integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA sufficed to override the full spectrum of miR-31'7s anti-metastatic activities. Moreover, the concurrent short hairpin RNA-conferred knockdown of endogenous integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA levels closely phenocopied the known consequences of ectopic miR-31 expression on metastasis. Integrin a5, radixin, and RhoA were found to act during at least partially unique steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade downstream of miR-31. Notably, the temporally controlled re-activation of miR-31 in already-established metastases elicited metastatic regression. These anti-metastatic therapeutic responses were attributable to the capacity of acutely re-expressed miR-31 to induce both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; such effects arose specifically within the context of the foreign microenvironment present at a metastatic locus. When taken together, these findings provide mechanistic insights concerning the regulation of breast cancer metastasis and suggest that miR-31 may represent a clinically useful prognostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target in certain aggressive human carcinomas. In addition, a novel experimental system for the unbiased identification of metastasisrelevant genes was described. The utility of this system was demonstrated in an initial proof-of-concept screen, which implicated RhoJ as a previously unappreciated modulator of cell motility. Collectively, these observations imply that the single-cell clone-based screening methodology outlined herein may represent a generally useful means by which to enumerate novel regulators of various metastasis-relevant processes.

Download or read book MicroRNAs Key Regulators of Oncogenesis written by Sadegh Babashah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aberrant expression and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer have added a new layer of complexity to the understanding of development and progression of the disease state. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs have a crucial function in oncogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The expression signatures of miRNAs provide exciting opportunities in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cancer. Since miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in oncogenesis, the potential of using these small RNAs as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities for cancer therapy by either inhibiting or augmenting their activity.

Download or read book miRNA and Cancer written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: miRNA and Cancer, Volume 135, the latest volume in the Advances in Cancer Research series, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. This volume presents original reviews on research bridging oncology and gene expression, and includes specific chapters on Non-coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Cancer, The Enigma of microRNA Regulation in Cancer, Animal Models to Study microRNA functions, Non-coding RNAs and Cancer, microRNAs in Cancer Susceptibility, ts-RNAs versus microRNAs, microRNAs and AML, and microRNAs and Epigenetics. Provides information on cancer research Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Download or read book MicroRNA in Cancer written by Suresh Alahari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of microRNA biology is really emerging in the last couple of years. Several investigators highlighted the importance of miRNAs in cancer. Although there is so much literature on microRNAs exist, a comprehensive book is still not available. Thus this book will be a great use to the scientists in the field of cancer biology. In addition, this book will be a good source of information for undergraduate, graduate students who want to develop their research careers in cancer biology.

Download or read book MicroRNA Profiling in Cancer written by Yuriy Gusev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current advances in the emerging interdisciplinary field of microRNA research of human cancers from a unique perspective of quantitative sciences: bioinformatics, computational and systems biology, and mathematical modeling. This volume contains adaptations and critical reviews of recent state-of-the-art studies, ranging from technological advances in microRNA detection and profiling, clinically oriented microRNA profiling in several human cancers, to a systems biology analysis of global patterns of microRNA regulation of signaling and metabolic pathways. Interactions with transcription factor regulatory networks and mathematical modeling of microRNA regulation are also discussed.

Download or read book A Concise Review of Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer written by Mehmet Gunduz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in most countries and its consequences result in huge economic, social and psychological burden. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death among females. In this book, we discussed gene expression and DNA abnormalities including methylation in breast cancer. A recent important topic, roles of miRNAs and their potential use in cancer therapy have been discussed in this cancer type as well. Bioinformatics is very important part of recent human genome developments and data mining and thus this topic has also been added for the readers. It is hoped that this book will contribute to development of novel diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches, which lead to cure of breast cancer.

Download or read book The Role of MicroRNA 155 in Human Breast Cancer written by William Kong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Recent statistics reveal breast cancer as the most common cancer among women and accounts for approximately 41,000 mortalities per year. In diagnosis, features such as stage, grade, lymph node metastasis are important prognostic indicators that help guide physicians and oncologist towards optimal patient care. Presence of established pathological markers such as ER, PR, and Her2/neu status would indicate ideal adjuvant therapy situation. Although treatment of these types of breast cancer is well established, cancer that lack all three receptors, "triple negatives" or "basal like" do not respond to adjuvant therapy and are considered more aggressive in that patients tend to recur early and experience visceral metastasis. Although scientists have uncovered numerous molecular biology mechanisms in search of an understanding in cancer, leading to development of fields such as apoptosis or growth pathways; cell cycle; angiogenesis; metastasis; and more recently cancer stem cells, much work remains as cancer is still not eradicated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Their discovery and functional understanding have only been uncovered in the past ten years. Long pri-miRNAs are transcribed from the genome and processed into pre-miRNAs by Dicer; and then into short single stranded mature miRNAs complexed with Argonaute proteins to inhibit protein translation. The first link of miRNAs to cancer was made only relatively recently, but the field has expanded exponentially since. TGF-beta induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition model in Normal Mouse Mammary Gland Epithelia Cells (NMuMG) is a commonly used model to dissect the molecular processes of breast cancer metastasis. Using miRNA microarray, we demonstrated miR-155 was upregulated along with alterations of other miRNAs. This observation was validated with Northern and qRT-PCR analysis. Promoter and ChIP analysis revealed TGF-beta activated the Smad4 transcriptional complex to induce the expression of miR-155. The reduction of RhoA protein levels by ubiquitination has been described to be a critical step during EMT, and we showed miR-155 down regulates RhoA proteins without degrading its mRNA levels; therefore, preventing de novo synthesis of RhoA proteins in the course of EMT. The interaction between miR-155 and RhoA's 3'UTR was confirmed by reporter assays. In summary, we reported the importance of miR-155 during TGF-beta induced EMT in NMuMG cells. FOXO3a is a well studied tumor suppressor transcriptional factor and resides in the nucleus to transcribe pro-apoptotic genes such as Bim, or p27 in the active state. During conditions when cells are signaled to grow and divide, it is phosphorylated by oncogenes such as AKT or IKK-beta, becomes inactivated and translocates into the cytoplasm. We have shown for the first time that FOXO3a activity is also regulated by miRNAs, specifically miR-155. Western and Northern analysis revealed a correlation between FOXO3a protein and mature miR-155 RNA levels in breast cancer cell lines along with breast tumor and normal tissues. Specifically, miR-155 expression is low in BT474 and high in HS578T, and inversely correlates with endogenous FOXO3a protein levels. Overexpression of miR-155 decreased endogenous FOXO3a protein and knockdown of miR-155 HS578T rescued its expression. Reporter assay experiments validated the interaction between miR-155 and FOXO3a 3'UTR. More importantly, overexpression of miR-155 in BT474 protected the cells from apoptosis induced by drugs while knockdown of miR-155 in HS578T initiated cell death even in the absence of drugs. In summary, we have shown the importance of miR-155 in chemosensitivity by targeting FOXO3a in breast cancer. MiR-155 has been previously shown up-regulated in multiple types of malignancies, including breast cancer. In addition, miR-155 expression was reported to correlate very strongly to survival in lung and pancreatic cancer. We validated by qRT-PCR and Northern analysis that miR-155 expression is detected only in breast tumors and not normal breast tissue. In situ hybridization of breast cancer tissue microarrays revealed similar results. In light of previous studies that showed a correlation between miR-155 and survival in lung and pancreatic cancers, we performed an X-tile analysis to determine an optimal cut point for miR-155 level in our breast cancer sample population that would correlate to ten years overall survival. Verification using Kaplan-Meier validated a cut point at 90.14 to significantly correlate to overall survival (P=0.007). In addition, Chi-square analysis revealed miR-155 expression to correlate with high tumor stage, grade and lymph node metastasis. However, miR-155 expression did not correspond to ER, PR, or HER2/neu status, but this is hardly surprising since computational analysis does not predict miR-155 to target these genes. In summary, we have shown deviant expression of miR-155 in breast cancer. Due to its correlation with overall survival; higher grade and stage; lymph node metastasis, and triple negative subtype, miR-155 may prove to be a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic target for breast cancer intervention.

Download or read book MicroRNA in Development and in the Progression of Cancer written by Shree Ram Singh and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: miRNAs are a class of endogenous, small non-protein coding RNA molecules (~ 22 nucleotides) which are novel post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Since we have hundreds of miRNAs, the major challenge is now to understand their specific biological function. In fact the experimental evidence suggests that signaling pathways could be ideal candidates for miRNA-mediated regulation. Several studies suggest that miRNAs affect the responsiveness of cells to signaling molecules such as WNT, Notch, TGF-β and EGFR. Altered expression of particular miRNAs has been implicated in the onset and development of cancer and could be used as potential biomarkers for the disease. Recently, many studies have found miRNAs have crucial regulatory roles in Cancer stem cells (CSCs) a kind of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and dormancy. Findings also suggest that DNA methylation may be important in regulating the expression of many miRNAs in several cancer initiating cells. Several miRNAs are known to either upregulated or downregulated in CSCs when compared to non-cancerous cells from the same tissues. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cells identified in a variety of tumors and involve in self-renewal, differentiation, chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. The volume will give a comprehensive account of important advancements in the area of miRNAs and cancer.

Download or read book Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance written by Aamir Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.