Download or read book Medical Psychedelics The Evidence Based Textbook about the Clinical Applications of Lsd Psilocybin Ayahuasca Dmt Mdma and Ketamine written by Oliver Rumle Hovmand and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-03-02 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade have seen a newfound interest in the clinical applications of the psychedelic substances; LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, ayahuasca and ketamine, which haven't been seen since the pre-prohibition days. Back then, these substances were widely used as an adjunct to psychotherapy in the treatment of severe psychiatric and psychological problems such as PTSD, depression and substance abuse. The current results are extremely promising, and i personally believe a psychedelic revolution is on the way, which will transform the field of psychiatry.There is now a push to make these substances legal medicine again, and a lot of great researchers are working to gather evidence of the safety and efficacy of these substances in various patient populations. This text aims to give an in-depth analysis of what is currently known about the possible medical applications of the psychedelics. It examines the pre- and post -prohibition medical literature as well as the manuals used in the clinical research, and will focus on the practical aspects of psychedelic-mediated therapy. It is the aim to update it on an annual basis, and in this way let it grow with the ever-expanding body of evidence, into a textbook which can be used, when/if these substances become legal medicine again. It is intended for the medial or psychological-professional, the science-minded psychonaut and the general public, who would like to know more about psychedelic substances in a serious manner.
Download or read book The Psychedelic Handbook written by Rick Strassman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-08-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn everything you need to know about psychedelics with this ultimate guide packed with information on popular psychoactive drugs like psilocybin, ketamine, MDMA, DMT and LSD--plus practical tips for microdosing and how to safely "trip"--from bestselling author Dr. Rick Strassman. Entering the world of psychedelics can be daunting, and many aren't sure where to start. Research continues to expand and legalization looms on the horizon for psychedelics like psilocybin. The Psychedelic Handbook is a complete manual that explains the basics of psychedelics in a way that is accessible for the novice user--or even just the psychedelic-curious. Inside you'll find: Information on the science and history of psychedelics Basic information on popular psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and peyote The difference between psychedelics and other "psychedelic-like" such as MDMA and ketamine The healing potential of psychedelic medicine for depression, PTSD, and anxiety And much more! Clinical research psychiatrist and bestselling author of DMT: The Spirit Molecule, Dr. Rick Strassman offers his expert advice for safely and effectively reaping the benefits of psychedelic medicine.
Download or read book Advances in Psychedelic Medicine written by Michael J. Winkelman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers, program administrators, and practicing clinicians explain the most recent developments in using psychedelic substances to treat psychological, physiological, and social problems. More than a decade ago, the U.S. government lifted its ban on all testing of psychedelic substances. Winkelman and Sessa now provide updated scientific research and applications of these substances, now moving into approved categories of medicine. The text is an up-to-date assessment of the latest advances in the field of psychedelic medicine, covering the use of LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, ayahuasca, and other substances to augment psychotherapies for a range of disorders. It discusses medical and psychiatric concerns, clinical efficacy and safety, ethical considerations, and neuroscience findings regarding the psychedelic compounds. Topics covered include an overview of psychiatric applications of psychedelics; treatments for addictions and depressive disorders; effects of psychedelics on inflammation and neuroplasticity; evidence for clinical applications of DMT, ayahuasca, and cannabidiol; psychedelic treatment of sociopathic disorders; microdosing psychedelics; training psychedelic therapists; and community-based harm reduction approaches to managing psychedelic crises.
Download or read book Psychedelic Medicine written by Richard Louis Miller and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the potential of psychedelics as medicine and the intersections of politics, science, and psychedelics • Explores the tumultuous history of psychedelic research, the efforts to restore psychedelic therapies, and the links between psychiatric drugs and mental illness • Offers non-technical summaries of the most recent, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca • Includes the work of Rick Doblin, Stanislav Grof, James Fadiman, Julie Holland, Dennis McKenna, David Nichols, Charles Grob, Phil Wolfson, Michael and Annie Mithoefer, Roland Griffiths, Katherine MacLean, and Robert Whitaker Embracing the revival of psychedelic research and the discovery of new therapeutic uses, clinical psychologist Dr. Richard Louis Miller discusses what is happening today in psychedelic medicine--and what will happen in the future--with top researchers and thinkers in this field, including Rick Doblin, Stanislav Grof, James Fadiman, Julie Holland, Dennis McKenna, David Nichols, Charles Grob, Phil Wolfson, Michael and Annie Mithoefer, Roland Griffiths, Katherine MacLean, and Robert Whitaker. Dr. Miller and his contributors cover the tumultuous history of early psychedelic research brought to a halt 50 years ago by the U.S. government as well as offering non-technical summaries of the most recent studies with MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca. They explore the biochemistry of consciousness and the use of psychedelics for self-discovery and healing. They discuss the use of psilocybin for releasing fear in the terminally ill and the potential for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of PTSD. They examine Dr. Charles Grob’s research on the indigenous use and therapeutic properties of ayahuasca and Dr. Gabor Mate’s attempt to transport this plant medicine to a clinical setting with the help of Canada’s Department of National Health. Dr. Miller and his contributors explore the ongoing efforts to restore psychedelic therapies to the health field, the growing threat of overmedication by the pharmaceutical industry, and the links between psychiatric drugs and mental illness. They also discuss the newly shifting political climate and the push for new research, offering hope for an end to the War on Drugs and a potential renaissance of research into psychedelic medicines around the world.
Download or read book Handbook of Medical Hallucinogens written by Charles S. Grob and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-09 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook reviews promising applications of psychedelics in treatment of such challenging psychiatric problems as posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, substance use disorders, and end-of-life anxiety. Experts from multiple disciplines synthesize current knowledge on psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, and other medical hallucinogens. The volume comprehensively examines these substances' neurobiological mechanisms, clinical effects, therapeutic potential, risks, and anthropological and historical contexts. Coverage ranges from basic science to practical clinical considerations, including patient screening and selection, dosages and routes of administration, how psychedelic-assisted sessions are structured and conducted, and management of adverse reactions.
Download or read book Psychedelics and Spirituality written by Thomas B. Roberts and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals how psychedelics can facilitate spiritual development and direct encounters with the sacred • With contributions by Albert Hofmann, Huston Smith, Stanislav Grof, Charles Tart, Alexander “Sasha” Shulgin, Brother David Steindl-Rast, and many others • Includes personal accounts of Walter Pahnke’s Good Friday Experiment as well as a 25-year follow-up with its participants • Explores protocols for ceremonial use of psychedelics and the challenges of transforming entheogenic insights into enduring change Modern organized religion is based predominantly on secondary religious experience--we read about others’ extraordinary spiritual encounters with God but have no direct experience ourselves. Yet there exist powerful sacraments to help us directly experience the sacred, to help us seek out the meaning of being human and our place in the universe, and to help us see the sacred in the world that surrounds us. In this book, more than 25 spiritual leaders, scientists, and psychedelic visionaries examine how we can return to the primary spiritual encounters at the basis of all religions through the guided use of psychedelics. With contributions by Albert Hofmann, Huston Smith, Stanislav Grof, Charles Tart, Alexander “Sasha” Shulgin, Brother David Steindl-Rast, Myron Stolaroff, and many others, this book explores protocols for ceremonial and spiritual use of psychedelics, including LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, and MDMA, and the challenges of transforming entheogenic insights into enduring change. It examines psychoactive sacraments in the Bible, myths surrounding the use of LSD, and the transformative ayahuasca rituals of Santo Daime. The book also includes personal accounts of Walter Pahnke’s Good Friday Experiment as well as a 25-year follow-up with its participants. Dispelling fears of inauthentic spirituality, addiction, and ill-prepared encounters with the holy, this book reveals the potential of psychedelics as catalysts for spiritual development, a path through which faith can directly encounter God’s power, and the beginning of a new religious era based on personal spiritual experience.
Download or read book The Psychedelic Reawakening written by Anton Gomez-Escolar and published by Park Street Press. This book was released on 2025-03-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the benefits, risks, and growing acceptance of modern psychedelic therapy • Examines the contemporary psychedelic phenomenon, including the history of criminalization and legalization, psychedelics’ effects on the brain, recent clinical research, and new therapeutic potentials • Explores substances like psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca, ketamine, and MDMA, including scientific evidence for psychedelics’ potential to treat addiction, depression, anxiety, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases • Includes extensive practical information on safety, risk, and harm reduction for both laypeople and mental health practitioners Presenting a comprehensive guide to the exciting new landscape around psychedelics, psychopharmacologist and researcher Anton Gomez-Escolar examines the long history of criminalizing and (slowly) legalizing these substances and their increasingly demonstrable positive effects on body, mind, and spirit. Exploring substances like psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca, ketamine, MDMA, and others, Gomez-Escolar looks at the multitude of scientific studies providing critical evidence for psychedelics’ ability to treat addiction, depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as their potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. He provides key information for therapists and other health practitioners as well as exploring the benefits of microdosing and the specific ways in which mental health issues related to COVID-19 could be alleviated by psychedelics. Breaking down substances by type, the author looks at the main risks of each psychedelic and its benefits, best harm-reduction strategies, and the neural pathways they affect. Gomez-Escolar also includes a large selection of resources for people seeking to engage personally with psychedelics for healing.
Download or read book Magic Medicine written by Cody Johnson and published by Fair Winds Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Cody Johnson beautifully balances historical knowledge with cutting-edge science to produce a thoroughly enjoyable and enlightening read which paints a holistic picture of the risks and benefits of psychedelic use in modern day medicine and culture.” —Rick Doblin, PhD, Founder and Executive Director of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Magic Medicine explores the fascinating history of psychedelic substances and provides a contemporary update about their growing inclusion in modern medicine, science, and culture. Each chapter dives into the rich history of a single plant or compound and explores its therapeutic and spiritual uses in cultures near and far. Firsthand quotes allow glimmers of psychedelic light throughout. Learn all about: Classical psychedelics, including 2C-B, ayahuasca, LSD, and peyote The empathogenic psychedelics MDA and MDMA Dissociative psychedelics, including DXM, ketamine, and salvia Unique psychedelics, including cannabis, DiPT, and even fish and sea sponges The history of psychedelic plants and substances is full of colorful facts and stories, and intriguing questions. Did US Army Intelligence really use LSD as an enhanced military interrogation technique? How is DiPT able to make a familiar tune sound utterly foreign? Can MDMA (Ecstasy) help people overcome traumatic experiences? Many psychedelic plants and substances have a long history of being incorporated into various healing traditions—such as cannabis and opium in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Science is beginning to research what traditional cultures have told us for years: psychedelics have transformative healing properties. Anyone who has ever wondered about psychedelics—from complete neophytes to veteran trippers, seekers and sages to skeptics and scientists, therapists and patients to green thumbs and armchair anthropologists—will find something in this engrossing and beautifully designed book.
Download or read book Psychedelics written by Professor David Nutt and published by Hachette Go. This book was released on 2024-01-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to the science of psychedelics—"the perfect intro for anyone curious about psychedelics and MDMA” (Ethan Nadelmann, founder and former executive director, Drug Policy Alliance)--and how they can impact our health by world-renowned, leading authority Professor David Nutt. We are on the cusp of a major revolution in psychiatric medicine and neuroscience. After fifty years of prohibition, criminalization and fear, science is finally showing us that psychedelics are not dangerous or harmful. Instead, when used according to tested, safe and ethical guidelines, they are our most powerful newest treatment of mental health conditions, from depression, PTSD, and OCD to disordered eating and even addiction and chronic pain. Professor David Nutt, one of the world's leading Neuropsychopharmacologists, has spent 15 years researching this field and it is his most significant body of work to date. In 2018, he co-founded the first academic psychedelic research center - underpinned by his mission to provide evidence-based information for people everywhere. It revived interest in the understanding and use of this drug in its many forms, including MDMA, ayahuasca, magic mushrooms, LSD and ketamine. The results of this have been nothing short of ground-breaking for the future categorization of drugs, but also for what we now know about brain mechanisms and our consciousness. At a time where there is an enormous amount of noise around the benefits of psychedelics, this book contains the knowledge you need to know about a drug that is about to go mainstream, free from the hot air, direct from the expert. Are you ready to change your mind?
Download or read book Psychedelics and mental health written by Irene de Caso and published by ArgoNowta. This book was released on 2022-05-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irene de Caso explains in an understandable and entertaining way the current neuroscientific advances related to psychedelic drugs, as well as their clinical and experiential applications. José Carlos Bouso, PhD, Scientific Director, ICEERS. Learn about the therapeutic uses of classical psychedelics and empathogens as revolutionary tools for neuroplasticity and mental health. Discover how they promote profoundly revealing mental states capable of restructuring our internal models of the world, reconsolidate traumatic memories and improve our social relationships. How do they affect the brain? What characteristics make these substances powerful catalysts for the psychotherapeutic process? Learn how they can help to improve severe symptoms: addictions, treatment-resistant depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress. This illustrated guide describes the most important clinical studies and will be of great interest to all medical and mental health professionals seeking to understand the cutting edge clinical applications of these molecules, as well as to individuals interested in learning about the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapies.
Download or read book Psychedelic Drug Treatments written by Ben Sessa and published by Mercury Learning and Information. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychedelic Drug Treatments: Assisting the Therapeutic Process provides information about current and quite viable investigation into reviving and progressing with neurological research that began in the middle of the 20th century and was brought to a halt when certain drugs were banned in the 1970s. Using a question/answer format, the book will introduce you to the way in which the chemical compounds known as psychedelics affect the brain, provide you with the definitions of key terms particular to the neurological and psychological vocabulary, describe the specific disorders that can realistically be helped or relieved through treatment with psychedelics, and offer information with regard to current research being conducted in the field. This text will discuss the history of the earlier research efforts and will examine the likelihood of a resurgence of interest in the successful development of methods and practices of clinical therapy assisted by psychedelic drugs. The purpose of this volume is to promote an understanding of the use of psychedelics as tools to assist therapy and to challenge the 40-year-old prejudices against research into the possible benefits of these drugs. Features: •Questions and answers about the history, research, and treatments related to psychedelic drugs •Makes a case for the re-evaluation of psychedelics — LSD, MDMA (‘ecstasy’), DMT, psilocybin, ayahuasca, peyote, ibogaine, and more — and their clinical potential for treating a range of conditions from post-traumatic stress disorder and depression to autism and cluster headaches. •Includes numerous in-text resources such as links to Web sites, videos, articles, blogs, etc. from NIH, FDA, YouTube, and university/clinical studies
Download or read book The Neuroscience of Psychedelics written by Genís Ona and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2024-10-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • Examines the main pharmacological properties of psychedelic substances, including LSD, DMT, psilocybin, ayahuasca, mescaline, ketamine, ibogaine, salvia, and MDMA • Explains the physiological mechanisms behind visionary effects, including what is happening in the brain and how each psychedelic is processed by the body • Shares safe strategies for using psychedelics, including harm-reduction techniques, and looks at where the future of psychedelic therapies is likely to go With the widespread legalization of marijuana and the increasing use of psychoactives in controlled therapy settings, further research and understanding of psychedelics is now possible. Yet while individual accounts of their use abound, exactly what’s happening to the brain and body when using these substances is still not widely understood. Longtime pharmacological researcher Genís Ona presents a comprehensive look at the main pharmacological properties of psychedelic substances, including LSD, DMT, psilocybin, ayahuasca, mescaline, ketamine, ibogaine, salvia, tropane alkaloids, and MDMA. Exploring how psychedelics work within the brain, Ona shares results from his extensive research to reveal the physiological mechanisms that allow these molecules to have their visionary effects, explaining what is happening at the receptor level as well as the “cascade” effects that differ from substance to substance. He examines how the body processes each substance, describing how each psychedelic is released, absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated. He also details possible dangerous interactions between these substances and other drugs as well as their potential toxicity. Although his main focus is the biological and neurological effects of psychedelics, Ona also explores the mystical and spiritual dimension of psychedelic use, particularly as practiced in Indigenous traditions, showing how they enable access to a profound spiritual territory. He shares safe strategies for using psychedelics and looks at where the future of psychedelic therapies is likely to go, with an emphasis on ensuring that traditional knowledge is respected, honored, and protected.
Download or read book Psychedelic Revival written by Sean P Lawlor and published by Sounds True. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For psychotherapists and inner explorers, an expansive, multidimensional odyssey into the history, practice, and potential of psychedelic healing Now that the stigmas against psychedelic medicine are finally lifting, there’s a lot of curiosity—and confusion—about these powerful compounds. How can psychedelics be used safely? What are the risks? Can they truly help heal the wide variety of conditions that has garnered such international attention? In Psychedelic Revival, Sean Lawlor invites you on a deep dive into the science, spirituality, and practice of psychedelic healing—a revival of both the first wave of pre-1960s research and ancient healing traditions with plant medicines. Join this respected author and researcher to gain a full-spectrum understanding of the possibilities and limits of psychedelics, including: • The Western history of psychedelic medicine and recreational use • The millennium-spanning legacy of Indigenous plant medicine traditions • In-depth chapters on psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, ketamine, mescaline, ibogaine, peyote, ayahuasca, DMT, and more • Practical insights, from microdosing to psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy to transformative mystical experiences • The shadow dimensions of psychedelics—bad trips, scientific stigmatization, inequality of access, and many other essential topics Informed by solid research and direct wisdom from perceptive firsthand accounts, Lawlor guides you into the psychedelic landscape, covering treatment methods, realistic benefits, and the legitimate perils psychedelics can induce. Along the way, he shares exclusive interviews with luminaries such as Michael Pollan, Rick Doblin, Camille Barton, Carl Hart, Jim Fadiman, Rick Strassman, Natalie Ginsberg, Sandor Iron Rope, and many more. Psychedelics have tremendous healing potential, yet all evocative modalities should be handled with care. To make good choices, we need quality information about the prospects and pitfalls of these emerging therapeutic tools. Psychedelic Revival is an invaluable resource for navigating this exciting frontier in Western healing.
Download or read book Essential guide to the Psychedelic Renaissance written by Antón Gómez-Escolar and published by ArgoNowta. This book was released on 2022-05-01 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book you will learn all the basics of psychedelics and why all this research is great news for public health in this century. After a very long and strange journey, psychedelics may finally be back for good. Rick Doblin, PhD, Founder & Executive Director, MAPS. In this guide you will learn all the essentials about the history, neuroscience, legality, therapeutic applications and harm reduction of the most promising psychedelic drugs for science. After decades of international prohibition these molecules are returning to laboratories and clinics, hand in hand with the most rigorous science, to revolutionize the way we understand and treat mental health (depression, anxiety, PTSD and addictions). Discover the world of psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, ketamine and LSD, before society immerses in this revolution, which will forever change the perception we have of psychedelics. This guide will be of interest to both therapists and other mental health professionals interested in the clinical applications, parents and educators seeking to understand the impact and safety of psychedelics and other drugs, as well as any adult curious to learn about and explore this new world of the psychedelic renaissance.
Download or read book The Handbook of Medical Hallucinogens written by Sam Fury and published by SF Nonfiction Books. This book was released on with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlock the Healing Power of Psychedelics Discover the revolutionary potential of psilocybin therapy, microdosing LSD, and other psychedelics with this comprehensive guide. Stay updated with cutting-edge research and gain valuable insights into how these substances can enhance mental health. Elevate your mental health journey, because this book offers revolutionary therapeutic techniques. Get it now. What You’ll Discover Inside * In-Depth Analysis: Explore the benefits of psilocybin therapy and microdosing LSD. * Mental Health Insights: Learn critical facts about psychedelics for mental health improvement. * Innovative Therapies: Discover new approaches to enhancing mental well-being through psychedelics. Enhance your therapeutic approach, because this book provides essential insights into the use of psychedelics for mental health. Get it now.
Download or read book Psychedelics for Beginners written by Jacob Sloan and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you interested in Psychedelics, but have been scared off by the warnings and misconceptions? Are you looking to delve into the background behind them, or the science behind how these drugs could help you? With detailed advice and scientifically-backed studies, this book seeks to unveil the often-stigmatized world of Psychedelics and show the benefits of these hallucinogenic drugs - as well as what to expect, and how to stay safe when using them. Inside this guide, you'll discover: Understanding the Different Types of Drugs The History of Psychedelics and Their Place in Other Cultures Avoiding Common Misconceptions The Six 'S's of Using Psychedelics Important Studies and Scientific Trials Illnesses That Psychedelics can Treat The Five Levels of Psychedelic Experience Warnings and Benefits of Microdosing And the Future of Psychedelic Use From the history and origins of Psychedelics to the lesser-known health benefits they can have, Psychedelics for Beginners contains a wealth of proven info to help clear the misconceptions around the world of Psychedelics and give you the tools and knowledge you need to use them with confidence.
Download or read book DMT The Spirit Molecule written by Rick Strassman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2000-12-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clinical psychiatrist explores the effects of DMT, one of the most powerful psychedelics known. • A behind-the-scenes look at the cutting edge of psychedelic research. • Provides a unique scientific explanation for the phenomenon of alien abduction experiences. From 1990 to 1995 Dr. Rick Strassman conducted U.S. Government-approved and funded clinical research at the University of New Mexico in which he injected sixty volunteers with DMT, one of the most powerful psychedelics known. His detailed account of those sessions is an extraordinarily riveting inquiry into the nature of the human mind and the therapeutic potential of psychedelics. DMT, a plant-derived chemical found in the psychedelic Amazon brew, ayahuasca, is also manufactured by the human brain. In Strassman's volunteers, it consistently produced near-death and mystical experiences. Many reported convincing encounters with intelligent nonhuman presences, aliens, angels, and spirits. Nearly all felt that the sessions were among the most profound experiences of their lives. Strassman's research connects DMT with the pineal gland, considered by Hindus to be the site of the seventh chakra and by Rene Descartes to be the seat of the soul. DMT: The Spirit Molecule makes the bold case that DMT, naturally released by the pineal gland, facilitates the soul's movement in and out of the body and is an integral part of the birth and death experiences, as well as the highest states of meditation and even sexual transcendence. Strassman also believes that "alien abduction experiences" are brought on by accidental releases of DMT. If used wisely, DMT could trigger a period of remarkable progress in the scientific exploration of the most mystical regions of the human mind and soul.
