Download or read book Mechanisms of Speech Recognition written by W. A. Ainsworth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of Speech Recognition explores the mechanisms underlying speech recognition. Topics covered include the auditory system, speech production, auditory psychophysics, speech synthesis and analysis, vowel and consonant recognition, and perception of prosodic features and of distorted speech. Automatic speech recognition and models of speech recognition are also given consideration. This volume consists of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of speech recognition, communication, and production. More specifically, it examines the way in which the organs of the vocal apparatus are employed to transform a message consisting of a string of linguistic units, such as words or phonemes, into a wave of continuous sounds which are recognized as speech. The auditory system and its parts are then described, from the ears to the organ of Corti and nerve cells. The chapters that follow focus on the behavior of the hearing system, the various techniques of analyzing speech sounds, and speech synthesizers such as vocoders. The mechanisms underlying the recognition of vowels and consonants are also described, along with the physical parameters of the speech wave which signal the prosody of an utterance, the effects of distortions in the speech wave on speech perception, and tools used in automatic speech recognition. The book concludes with an evaluation of models of speech recognition. This book will be of interest to phoneticians, linguists, physiologists, psychologists, and physicists.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Speech Recognition written by William Anthony Ainsworth and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the acoustics of speech production & the mechanisms of the ear. Introduces psychological techniques to show the sensitivity & limits of hearing. Describes methods of analysing & synthesizing speech sounds. Gives an introduction to the machine recognition of speech.
Download or read book Speech Processing in the Auditory System written by Steven Greenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-09 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although speech is the primary behavioral medium by which humans communicate, its auditory basis is poorly understood, having profound implications on efforts to ameliorate the behavioral consequences of hearing impairment and on the development of robust algorithms for computer speech recognition. In this volume, the authors provide an up-to-date synthesis of recent research in the area of speech processing in the auditory system, bringing together a diverse range of scientists to present the subject from an interdisciplinary perspective. Of particular concern is the ability to understand speech in uncertain, potentially adverse acoustic environments, currently the bane of both hearing aid and speech recognition technology. There is increasing evidence that the perceptual stability characteristic of speech understanding is due, at least in part, to elegant transformations of the acoustic signal performed by auditory mechanisms. As a comprehensive review of speech's auditory basis, this book will interest physiologists, anatomists, psychologists, phoneticians, computer scientists, biomedical and electrical engineers, and clinicians.
Download or read book The Speech Chain written by Peter B. Denes and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2015-07-10 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech is usually taken for granted, and its fundamental importance is often overlooked. Communication by speech sets humans apart from other animals: it facilitates our ability to think abstractly, it allows us to coordinate our efforts with one another, and it contributes significantly to the development of human societies. Spoken communication is an extremely intricate process. A complex chain of events links speaker to listener, a chain that involves not only physics and acoustics, but also anatomy, physiology, linguistics, and psychology. The Speech Chain explains simply and clearly the basic mechanisms involved in spoken communication, from the speaker’s production of words, to the transmission of sound, to the listener’s perception of what has been said. The Speech Chain has been well-known as an easy-to-read introduction to the fundamentals of spoken communication. The book has now been thoroughly revised and updated to give a state-of-the art description of each link in the speech chain. Included are new chapters on the digital processing of speech and on the use of computers for the generation of synthetic speech and for automatic speech recognition. Professionals, teachers, students, and others interested in how we communicate with one another will find The Speech Chain a useful introduction to this uniquely human capability. This interdisciplinary account is also accessible to persons with no previous knowledge of the fields involved.
Download or read book Mechanism of speech recognition written by W. A. Ainsworth and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception written by Einat Liebenthal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge between lower-level sensory and higher-level language processing. A long line of research on the physical properties of the speech signal as determined by the anatomy and physiology of the speech production apparatus has led to descriptions of the acoustic information that is used in speech recognition (e.g., stop consonants place and manner of articulation, voice onset time, aspiration). Recent research has also considered what visual cues are relevant to visual speech recognition (i.e., the visual counter-parts used in lipreading or audiovisual speech perception). Much of the theoretical work on speech perception was done in the twentieth century without the benefit of neuroimaging technologies and models of neural representation. Recent progress in understanding the functional organization of sensory and association cortices based on advances in neuroimaging presents the possibility of achieving a comprehensive and far reaching account of perception in the service of language. At the level of cell assemblies, research in animals and humans suggests that neurons in the temporal cortex are important for encoding biological categories. On the cellular level, different classes of neurons (interneurons and pyramidal neurons) have been suggested to play differential roles in the neural computations underlying auditory and visual categorization. The moment is ripe for a research topic focused on neural mechanisms mediating the emergence of speech representations (including auditory, visual and even somatosensory based forms). Important progress can be achieved by juxtaposing within the same research topic the knowledge that currently exists, the identified lacunae, and the theories that can support future investigations. This research topic provides a snapshot and platform for discussion of current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the formation of perceptual categories and their relationship to language from a multidisciplinary and multisensory perspective. It includes contributions (reviews, original research, methodological developments) pertaining to the neural substrates, dynamics, and mechanisms underlying perceptual categorization and their interaction with neural processes governing speech perception.
Download or read book Audiovisual Speech Recognition Correspondence between Brain and Behavior written by Nicholas Altieri and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual processes mediating recognition, including the recognition of objects and spoken words, is inherently multisensory. This is true in spite of the fact that sensory inputs are segregated in early stages of neuro-sensory encoding. In face-to-face communication, for example, auditory information is processed in the cochlea, encoded in auditory sensory nerve, and processed in lower cortical areas. Eventually, these “sounds” are processed in higher cortical pathways such as the auditory cortex where it is perceived as speech. Likewise, visual information obtained from observing a talker’s articulators is encoded in lower visual pathways. Subsequently, this information undergoes processing in the visual cortex prior to the extraction of articulatory gestures in higher cortical areas associated with speech and language. As language perception unfolds, information garnered from visual articulators interacts with language processing in multiple brain regions. This occurs via visual projections to auditory, language, and multisensory brain regions. The association of auditory and visual speech signals makes the speech signal a highly “configural” percept. An important direction for the field is thus to provide ways to measure the extent to which visual speech information influences auditory processing, and likewise, assess how the unisensory components of the signal combine to form a configural/integrated percept. Numerous behavioral measures such as accuracy (e.g., percent correct, susceptibility to the “McGurk Effect”) and reaction time (RT) have been employed to assess multisensory integration ability in speech perception. On the other hand, neural based measures such as fMRI, EEG and MEG have been employed to examine the locus and or time-course of integration. The purpose of this Research Topic is to find converging behavioral and neural based assessments of audiovisual integration in speech perception. A further aim is to investigate speech recognition ability in normal hearing, hearing-impaired, and aging populations. As such, the purpose is to obtain neural measures from EEG as well as fMRI that shed light on the neural bases of multisensory processes, while connecting them to model based measures of reaction time and accuracy in the behavioral domain. In doing so, we endeavor to gain a more thorough description of the neural bases and mechanisms underlying integration in higher order processes such as speech and language recognition.
Download or read book Speaker Perception and Recognition An Integrative Framework for Computational Speech Processing written by Oxana Lapteva and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Speech Recognition written by William Anthony Ainsworth and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1976 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the acoustics of speech production & the mechanisms of the ear. Introduces psychological techniques to show the sensitivity & limits of hearing. Describes methods of analysing & synthesizing speech sounds. Gives an introduction to the machine recognition of speech.
Download or read book Rethinking Reduction written by Francesco Cangemi and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-06-25 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phonetically reduced forms are plentiful, theoretically interesting, and a key challenge for automatic speech recognition systems. Yet canonical forms are still central to models of production and perception. Drawing from different fields and diverse languages, this volume brings new insights to the debate on abstractions and canonical forms in linguistics: their psychological reality, descriptive adequacy, and technical implementability.
Download or read book The Cognitive Representation of Speech written by T. Myers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1981-12-01 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 32 main papers, taken together, provide a comprehensive review of speech research by scientists who have made leading contributions to our understanding of the topics discussed. The papers are assembled within a coherent, problem-oriented structure.
Download or read book Nonlinear Speech Modeling and Applications written by Gerard Chollet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-04 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the revised tutorial lectures given at the International Summer School on Nonlinear Speech Processing-Algorithms and Analysis held in Vietri sul Mare, Salerno, Italy in September 2004. The 14 revised tutorial lectures by leading international researchers are organized in topical sections on dealing with nonlinearities in speech signals, acoustic-to-articulatory modeling of speech phenomena, data driven and speech processing algorithms, and algorithms and models based on speech perception mechanisms. Besides the tutorial lectures, 15 revised reviewed papers are included presenting original research results on task oriented speech applications.
Download or read book Advances in Non Linear Modeling for Speech Processing written by Raghunath S. Holambe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Non-Linear Modeling for Speech Processing includes advanced topics in non-linear estimation and modeling techniques along with their applications to speaker recognition. Non-linear aeroacoustic modeling approach is used to estimate the important fine-structure speech events, which are not revealed by the short time Fourier transform (STFT). This aeroacostic modeling approach provides the impetus for the high resolution Teager energy operator (TEO). This operator is characterized by a time resolution that can track rapid signal energy changes within a glottal cycle. The cepstral features like linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC) and mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are computed from the magnitude spectrum of the speech frame and the phase spectra is neglected. To overcome the problem of neglecting the phase spectra, the speech production system can be represented as an amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) model. To demodulate the speech signal, to estimation the amplitude envelope and instantaneous frequency components, the energy separation algorithm (ESA) and the Hilbert transform demodulation (HTD) algorithm are discussed. Different features derived using above non-linear modeling techniques are used to develop a speaker identification system. Finally, it is shown that, the fusion of speech production and speech perception mechanisms can lead to a robust feature set.
Download or read book invariance and Variability in Speech Processes written by J. S. Perkell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1986. The important implications of speech variability for the future of speech related technology, in combination with the multifaceted debate about invariance among speech scientists, make this a most appropriate time to evaluate the state our knowledge in this area. On October 8-10, 1983 researchers from the fields of production, perception, acoustics, pathology, psychology, linguistics, language acquisition, synthesis and recognition met at a. symposium at M.I.T. on invariance and variability of speech processes. This volume is the Proceedings of the symposium. Each chapter of the book consists of a focus paper followed by some comments.
Download or read book Speech Recognition in Adverse Conditions written by Sven Mattys and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech recognition in ‘adverse conditions’ has been a familiar area of research in computer science, engineering, and hearing sciences for several decades. In contrast, most psycholinguistic theories of speech recognition are built upon evidence gathered from tasks performed by healthy listeners on carefully recorded speech, in a quiet environment, and under conditions of undivided attention. Building upon the momentum initiated by the Psycholinguistic Approaches to Speech Recognition in Adverse Conditions workshop held in Bristol, UK, in 2010, the aim of this volume is to promote a multi-disciplinary, yet unified approach to the perceptual, cognitive, and neuro-physiological mechanisms underpinning the recognition of degraded speech, variable speech, speech experienced under cognitive load, and speech experienced by theoretically relevant populations. This collection opens with a review of the literature and a formal classification of adverse conditions. The research articles then highlight those adverse conditions with the greatest potential for constraining theory, showing that some speech phenomena often believed to be immutable can be affected by noise, surface variations, or attentional set in ways that will force researchers to rethink their theory. This volume is essential for those interested in speech recognition outside laboratory constraints.
Download or read book Emulating Human Speech Recognition written by Andre Coy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a systematic approach to the automatic recognition of simultaneous speech signals using computational auditory scene analysis. Inspired by human auditory perception, this book investigates a range of algorithms and techniques for decomposing multiple speech signals by integrating a spectro-temporal fragment decoder within a statistical search process. The outcome is a comprehensive insight into the mechanisms required if automatic speech recognition is to approach human levels of performance.
Download or read book Perception and Production of Fluent Speech written by Ronald A. Cole and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1980, this title looks at the mental processes involved in producing and understanding spoken language. Although there had been several edited volumes on speech in the previous ten years, this volume was unique in that it deals exclusively with perception and production of fluent speech. The chapters in this volume, contributed to by distinguished scientists from psychology, linguistics and computer science, deal with such questions as: How are ideas encoded into sound? How does a speaker plan an utterance? How are words recognized? What is the role of knowledge in speech perception? In short, how do people communicate with each other using speech?
