Download or read book Laser Ablation ionization Characterization of Solids written by W. P. Hess and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser Ablation Ionization Characterization of Solids Final Progress Report of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy has undertaken the enormous task of remediating defense wastes and environmental insults which have occurred over 50 years of nuclear weapons production. It is abundantly clear that significant technology advances are needed to characterize, process, and store highly radioactive waste and to remediate contaminated zones. In addition to the processing and waste form issues, analytical technologies needed for the characterization of solids, and for monitoring storage tanks and contaminated sites do not exist or are currently expensive labor-intensive tasks. This report describes progress in developing sensitive, rapid, and widely applicable laser-based mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of mixed chemical wastes and contaminated soils. The remediation of defense waste and the long-term disposal of high-level mixed wastes requires chemical analysis of the waste streams. Efficient analytic methods are needed to characterize the chemical classes and concentrations of a wide variety of waste materials. Tank and crib waste sites contain broad distributions of radioisotopes, chelating agents, chromates, and ferrocyanides.
Download or read book Direct Laser Ablation and Ionization of Solids for Chemical Analysis by Mass Spectrometry written by J. K. Holt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct chemical analysis of solids. An Nd:YAG laser is used for ablation and ionization of the sample in a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion-storage (IS) mode that is coupled with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Single pulse experiments have demonstrated simultaneous detection of up to 14 elements present in glasses in the ppm range. However, detection of the components has produced non-stoichiometric results due to difference in ionization potentials and fractionation effects. Time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was used to spatially map elemental species on the surface and provide further evidence of fractionation effects. Resolution (m/Dm) of 1500 and detection limits of approximately 10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described.
Download or read book Laser Ablation and Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy LARIS for Trace Analysis of Solids written by S. Mayo and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new analytical technique has been developed for the detection of trace sodium impurity in single crystal silicon using laser ablation and resonance ionization spectroscopy. Sodium is detected in the ablated vapor by using two tunable laser probes to induce resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization via the intermediate 3P and 4D levels. At present, the technique provides only relative quantitative results. For absolute quantitative results, characterization of complex laser-solid interaction phenomena in a buffer gas is required. The minimum detectable sodium density in the solid is estimated to be about 10 to the 11th power atoms/cu cm. Generalization of this technique to other impurities is limited only by laser availability. (Author).
Download or read book Direct Chemical Analysis of Solids by Laser Ablation in an Ion Storage Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct analysis of solids, particles, and fibers. The system uses a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion-storage (IS) mode, coupled with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The sample is inserted radially into the ring electrode and an imaging system allows direct viewing and selected analysis of the sample. Measurements identified trace contaminants of Ag, Sn, and Sb in a Pb target with single laser-shot experiments. Resolution (m/[mu]m) of 1500 and detection limits of approximately 10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described.
Download or read book Laser Ablation and Resonance Ionization Spectrometry for Trace Analysis of Solids written by Santos Mayo and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pulsed Laser Ablation of Solids written by Mihai Stafe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book introduces ‘the state of the art' of pulsed laser ablation and its applications. It is based on recent theoretical and experimental studies. The book reaches from the basics to advanced topics of pulsed laser ablation. Theoretical and experimental fundamental phenomena involved in pulsed laser ablation are discussed with respect to material properties, laser wavelength, fluence and intensity regime of the light absorbed linearly or non-linearly in the target material. The energy absorbed by the electrons leads to atom/molecule excitation, ionization and/or direct chemical bond breaking and is also transferred to the lattice leading to material heating and phase transitions. Experimental non-invasive optical methods for analyzing these phenomena in real time are described. Theoretical models for pulsed laser ablation and phase transitions induced by laser beams and laser-vapour/plasma interaction during the plume expansion above the target are also presented. Calculations of the ablation speed and dimensions of the ablated micro- and nano-structures are performed. The validity and required refinement of different models in different experimental conditions is provided. The pulsed laser deposition process which bases on collecting the ablated particles on a surface is analyzed in terms of efficiency and quality of the deposited films as a function of ambient conditions, target material, laser parameters and substrate characteristics. The interaction between the incident laser and the ablation plasma is analyzed with respect to its influence on the structures of the deposited films and its capacity to generate high harmonics and single attosecond pulses which are highly desirable in pump-probe experiments.
Download or read book Characterization of Solid Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Michel Che and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-16 with total page 1313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume book provides an overview of physical techniques used to characterize the structure of solid materials, on the one hand, and to investigate the reactivity of their surface, on the other. Therefore this book is a must-have for anyone working in fields related to surface reactivity. Among the latter, and because of its most important industrial impact, catalysis has been used as the directing thread of the book. After the preface and a general introduction to physical techniques by M. Che and J.C. Vedrine, two overviews on physical techniques are presented by G. Ertl and Sir J.M. Thomas for investigating model catalysts and porous catalysts, respectively. The book is organized into four parts: Molecular/Local Spectroscopies, Macroscopic Techniques, Characterization of the Fluid Phase (Gas and/ or Liquid), and Advanced Characterization. Each chapter focuses upon the following important themes: overview of the technique, most important parameters to interpret the experimental data, practical details, applications of the technique, particularly during chemical processes, with its advantages and disadvantages, conclusions.
Download or read book Laser Ablation in Analytical Chemistry A Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser ablation is becoming a dominant technology for direct solid sampling in analytical chemistry. Laser ablation refers to the process in which an intense burst of energy delivered by a short laser pulse is used to sample (remove a portion of) a material. The advantages of laser ablation chemical analysis include direct characterization of solids, no chemical procedures for dissolution, reduced risk of contamination or sample loss, analysis of very small samples not separable for solution analysis, and determination of spatial distributions of elemental composition. This review describes recent research to understand and utilize laser ablation for direct solid sampling, with emphasis on sample introduction to an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Current research related to contemporary experimental systems, calibration and optimization, and fractionation is discussed, with a summary of applications in several areas.
Download or read book Laser Ionization Mass Analysis written by Akos Vertes and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1993-05-03 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redefines laser ionization's place in analytical chemistry along with the discovery of several new techniques and their promising applications including laser-solid interaction which is used in diamond synthesis, high temperature superconductor preparation, desorption of large biomolecules and sampling of solids for chemical analysis. Concentrates on the pulsed laser now viewed as a tool of depositing a tunable amount of energy into a chosen degree of material rather than as a fast local surface heating device.
Download or read book Nanomaterials written by S. C. Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth treatment of the synthesis, processing, and characterization of nanomaterials using lasers, ranging from fundamentals to the latest research results, this handy reference is divided into two main sections. After introducing the concepts of lasers, nanomaterials, nanoarchitectures and laser-material interactions in the first three chapters, the book goes on to discuss the synthesis of various nanomaterials in vacuum, gas and liquids. The second half discusses various nanomaterial characterization techniques involving lasers, from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies to light dynamic scattering, laser spectroscopy and such unusual techniques as laser photo acoustic, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, ultrafast dynamics and laser-induced thermal pulses. The specialist authors adopt a practical approach throughout, with an emphasis on experiments, set-up, and results. Each chapter begins with an introduction and is uniform in covering the basic approaches, experimental setups, and dependencies of the particular method on different parameters, providing sufficient theory and modeling to understand the principles behind the techniques.
Download or read book Photoionization and Photo Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry written by Ralf Zimmermann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of laser-induced ionization processes for mass spectrometry analysis Drawing on the expertise of the leading academic and industrial research groups involved in the development of photoionization methods for mass spectrometry, this reference for analytical scientists covers both the theory and current applications of photo-induced ionization processes. It places widely used techniques such as MALDI side by side with more specialist approaches such as REMPI and RIMS, and discusses leading edge developments in ultrashort laser pulse desorption, to give readers a complete picture of the state of the technology. Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications starts with a complete overview of the fundamentals of the technique, covering the basics of the gas phase ionization as well as those of laser desorption and ablation, pulse photoionization, and single particle ionization. Numerous application examples from different analytical fields are described that showcase the power and the wide scope of photo ionization in mass spectrometry. -The first general reference book on photoionization techniques for mass spectrometry -Examines technologies and applications of gas phase resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (REMPI-MS) and gas phase resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) -Provides complete coverage of popular techniques like MALDI -Discusses the current and potential applications of each technology, focusing on process and environmental analysis Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications is an excellent book for spectroscopists, analytical chemists, photochemists, physical chemists, and laser specialists.
Download or read book Optical Characterization of Solids written by D. Dragoman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gives a comprehensive and coherent account of the basic methods to characterize a solid through its interaction with an electromagnetic field.
Download or read book Handbook of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by David A. Cremers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.
Download or read book Optical Physics Study of Laser Interactions with Solids for Ultra Trace Materials Analysis Using RIS Phase 1 written by Norbert Thonnard and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of a new element analysis technique having sensitivity in the subpart per billion range was investigated. the method combines pulsed laser volatilization of a representative fraction of the sample with selective and efficient ionization of the element of interest by utilizing lasers tuned to specific transitions of the selected element. Tests on silicon and steel substrates determined cratering characteristics at incident power densities ranging from 10 to the 7th power to 2 x 10 to the 11th power W/sq cm. The quantity of material volatilized was proportional to the number of laser shots. A simple time-of-flight mass spectrometer was assembled, which together with the volatilization laser and resonance ionization laser was used to demonstrate the technique by analyzing 0.48 to 58 ppm Ga in Si samples. Sensitivity of 15 ppb was demonstrated, while the resonance ionization element selectivity was 10 to the 8th power. Guidelines were established for development of a prototype system with a 5 um analysis spot, a resonance ionization laser system for 80 elements, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with ablated ion rejection, thereby achieving sensitivity at the part in 10 to the 12th power. Keywords: Element analysis; Laser ablation; Resonance ionization; Semiconductor impurities; Materials characteristics; Sensitivity; Selectivity; Interference reduction; Quantitation; Trace studies.
Download or read book Laser Ablation written by Tatiana Itina and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shortly after the demonstration of the first laser, the most intensely studied theoretical topics dealt with laser-matter interactions. Many experiments were undertaken to clarify the major ablation mechanisms. At the same time, numerous theoretical studies, both analytical and numerical, were proposed to describe these interactions. These studies paved the ways toward the development of numerous laser applications, ranging from laser micro- and nanomachining to material analysis, nanoparticle and nanostructure formation, thin-film deposition, etc. Recently, more and more promising novel fields of laser applications have appeared, including biomedicine, catalysis, photovoltaic cells, etc. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in laser ablation, from its fundamental mechanisms to novel applications.
Download or read book Practical Applications of Laser Ablation written by Dongfang Yang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser ablation refers to the phenomenon in which an intense laser beam irradiates the surface of a solid to induce instant local removal of atoms by a thermal or non-thermal mechanism. Through eight chapters of original research studies and literature reviews written by experts from the international scientific community, this book presents theoretical and experimental aspects of the laser ablation phenomenon for processing material including pulsed laser deposition of thin films, laser surface modification, laser machining and laser nanoparticle formation. It also includes a study of the dynamics of plasmas generated by laser ablation of multi-component materials and an overview of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques for chemical analysis.
