Download or read book Grain Growth in Al 2 Cu Thin Films written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The grain size and grain growth kinetics in sputter deposited Al-2% Cu films on silicon substrates were determined by TEM for various film thicknesses and anneal times, temperatures and methods. Grain sizes were found to be typically lognormally distributed. The as- deposited grain size (d{sub o}) dependence on film thickness (TH) was found to be d{sub o} = C TH{sup {1/2}}, due to competitive grain growth during film formation. Annealed grain size (d) after Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) for time (t) at temperature (T) is described by the general equation d - do = C TH{sup 0.7} {l brace}t exp ( -[Delta]E{sub a}/kT){r brace}18, where [Delta]E{sub a} = 0.85 ev for 0.4 [mu]m films and [Delta]E{sub a} = 1.1 ev for 0.8 [mu]m films. Grain growth is largely saturated for these anneals. Grain growth is shown to be more extensive during RTA anneals than furnace annealing and more extensive in 0.4 [mu]m films than 0.8 [mu]m films for equivalent RTA cycles. The results are discussed in terms of models, simulations and previous results of grain growth in thin metal films. 21 refs., 4 figs.
Download or read book Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena written by F.J. Humphreys and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annealing of deformed materials is of both technological importance and scientific interest. The phenomena have been most widely studied in metals, although they occur in all crystalline materials such as the natural deformation of rocks and the processing of technical ceramics. Research is mainly driven by the requirements of industry, and where appropriate, the book discusses the extent to which we are able to formulate quantitative, physically-based models which can be applied to metal-forming processes.The subjects treated in this book are all active research areas, and form a major part of at least four regular international conference series. However, there have only been two monographs published in recent times on the subject of recrystallization, the latest nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, considerable advances have been made, both in our understanding of the subject and in the techniques available to the researcher.The book covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth in depth including specific chapters on ordered materials, two-phase alloys, annealing textures and annealing during and after hot working. Also contained are treatments of the deformed state and the structure and mobility of grain boundaries, technologically important examples and a chapter on computer simulation and modelling. The book provides a scientific treatment of the subject for researchers or students in Materials Science, Metallurgy and related disciplines, who require a more detailed coverage than is found in textbooks on physical metallurgy, and a more coherent treatment than will be found in the many conference proceedings and review articles.
Download or read book High Cycle Fatigue of Al and Cu Thin Films by a Novel High Throughput Method written by Sofie Burger and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades, the reliability of small electronic devices used in automotive or consumer electronics gained researchers attention. Thus, there is the need to understand the fatigue properties and damage mechanisms of thin films. In this thesis a novel high-throughput testing method for thin films on Si substrate is presented. The specialty of this method is to test one sample at different strain amplitudes at the same time and measure an entire lifetime curve with only one experiment.
Download or read book Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials written by G. Abbruzzese and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volumes present investigations on grain growth phenomena and their observation in various materials: metals and alloys, ceramics, sintered materials, thin films, etc.; normal and abnormal grain growth including twinning, texture, particle and other drag effects as well as analysis of topological aspects and grain size and grain orientation correlations; grain boundary structure, mobility and interaction with particles and impurity atoms. Experimental methods applicable to measurements of grain size, orientation of individual grains, etc.
Download or read book Physics of Thin Films written by Georg Hass and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Volume 7 is a collection of papers about film growth and structure, optical properties, and semiconducting films. The book covers topics such as diffraction theory; film support and filter fabrication; aging, usage, and cleaning of filters; and properties and applications of III-V compound films. It also discusses topics such as the preparation of use and unbacked metal filters; electromigration in thin films; and the built-up molecular films and their applications. The text is recommended for physicists and engineers involved in thin film physics, especially those who would like to know more about the progresses in the field.
Download or read book The Effects of Composition and Layering on Secondary Grain Growth in Aluminium Alloy Thin Films written by Cesar Dante Maiorino and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Beam Surface Layer Analysis written by Otto Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The II. International Conference on Ion Beam Surface Layer Analysis was held on September 15-19, 1975 at the Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Germany. The date fell between two related con ferences: "Application of Ion-Beams to Materials" at Warwick, Eng land and "Atomic Collisions in Solids" at Amsterdam, the Nether lands. The first conference on Ion Beam Surface Layer Analysis was held at Yorktown Heights, New York, 1973. The major topic of that and the present conference was the material analysis with ion beams including backscattering and channeling, nuclear reactions and ion induced X-rays with emphasis on technical problems and no vel applications. The increasing interest in this field was docu mented by 7 invited papers and 85 contributions which were presen ted at the meeting in Karlsruhe to about 150 participants from 21 countries. The oral presentations were followed by parallel ses sions on "Fundamental Aspects", "Analytical Problems" and "Appli cations" encouraging detailed discussions on the topics of most current interest. Summaries of these sessions were presented by the discussion leaders to the whole conference. All invited and contributed papers are included in these proceedings; summaries of the discussion sessions will appear in a separate booklet and are availble from the editors. The application of ion beams to material analysis is now well established.
Download or read book Advanced Nanoscale ULSI Interconnects Fundamentals and Applications written by Yosi Shacham-Diamand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-19 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Advanced ULSI interconnects – fundamentals and applications we bring a comprehensive description of copper-based interconnect technology for ultra-lar- scale integration (ULSI) technology for integrated circuit (IC) application. In- grated circuit technology is the base for all modern electronics systems. You can ?nd electronics systems today everywhere: from toys and home appliances to a- planes and space shuttles. Electronics systems form the hardware that together with software are the bases of the modern information society. The rapid growth and vast exploitation of modern electronics system create a strong demand for new and improved electronic circuits as demonstrated by the amazing progress in the ?eld of ULSI technology. This progress is well described by the famous “Moore’s law” which states, in its most general form, that all the metrics that describe integrated circuit performance (e. g. , speed, number of devices, chip area) improve expon- tially as a function of time. For example, the number of components per chip d- bles every 18 months and the critical dimension on a chip has shrunk by 50% every 2 years on average in the last 30 years. This rapid growth in integrated circuits te- nology results in highly complex integrated circuits with an increasing number of interconnects on chips and between the chip and its package. The complexity of the interconnect network on chips involves an increasing number of metal lines per interconnect level, more interconnect levels, and at the same time a reduction in the interconnect line critical dimensions.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Daniel Abou-Ras and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on advanced characterization methods for thin-film solar cells that have proven their relevance both for academic and corporate photovoltaic research and development. After an introduction to thin-film photovoltaics, highly experienced experts report on device and materials characterization methods such as electroluminescence analysis, capacitance spectroscopy, and various microscopy methods. In the final part of the book simulation techniques are presented which are used for ab-initio calculations of relevant semiconductors and for device simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D. Building on a proven concept, this new edition also covers thermography, transient optoelectronic methods, and absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy.
Download or read book Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Kentaro Ito and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material scarcity and toxicity issues. The device performance of CZTS-based thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels (10%). These achievements prove that CZTS-based solar cells have the potential to be used for large-scale deployment of photovoltaics. With contributions from leading researchers from academia and industry, many of these authors have contributed to the improvement of its efficiency, and have rich experience in preparing a variety of semiconducting thin films for solar cells.
Download or read book Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Thin Films for Photovoltaics written by Jonathan J. Scragg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jonathan Scragg documents his work on a very promising material suitable for use in solar cells. Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) is a low cost, earth-abundant material suitable for large scale deployment in photovoltaics. Jonathan pioneered and optimized a low cost route to this material involving electroplating of the three metals concerned, followed by rapid thermal processing (RTP) in sulfur vapour. His beautifully detailed RTP studies – combined with techniques such as XRD, EDX and Raman – reveal the complex relationships between composition, processing and photovoltaic performance. This exceptional thesis contributes to the development of clean, sustainable and alternative sources of energy
Download or read book Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films written by Theodor Schneller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first text to cover all aspects of solution processed functional oxide thin-films. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) comprises all solution based thin- film deposition techniques, which involve chemical reactions of precursors during the formation of the oxide films, i. e. sol-gel type routes, metallo-organic decomposition routes, hybrid routes, etc. While the development of sol-gel type processes for optical coatings on glass by silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide dates from the mid-20th century, the first CSD derived electronic oxide thin films, such as lead zirconate titanate, were prepared in the 1980’s. Since then CSD has emerged as a highly flexible and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of a very wide variety of functional oxide thin films. Application areas include, for example, integrated dielectric capacitors, ferroelectric random access memories, pyroelectric infrared detectors, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems, antireflective coatings, optical filters, conducting-, transparent conducting-, and superconducting layers, luminescent coatings, gas sensors, thin film solid-oxide fuel cells, and photoelectrocatalytic solar cells. In the appendix detailed “cooking recipes” for selected material systems are offered.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transparent Oxide Electronics written by Pedro Barquinha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent electronics is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation of electronic products, away from the traditional silicon technology. It is essential for touch display panels, solar cells, LEDs and antistatic coatings. The book describes the concept of transparent electronics, passive and active oxide semiconductors, multicomponent dielectrics and their importance for a new era of novel electronic materials and products. This is followed by a short history of transistors, and how oxides have revolutionized this field. It concludes with a glance at low-cost, disposable and lightweight devices for the next generation of ergonomic and functional discrete devices. Chapters cover: Properties and applications of n-type oxide semiconductors P-type conductors and semiconductors, including copper oxide and tin monoxide Low-temperature processed dielectrics n and p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) – structure, physics and brief history Paper electronics – Paper transistors, paper memories and paper batteries Applications of oxide TFTs – transparent circuits, active matrices for displays and biosensors Written by a team of renowned world experts, Transparent Oxide Electronics: From Materials to Devices gives an overview of the world of transparent electronics, and showcases groundbreaking work on paper transistors
Download or read book Nanochemistry written by Ashutosh Sharma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-02-24 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the fundamental concepts of Nanochemistry that involve the self-assemblage of nanostructures, surface stabilization, and functionalization of nanoparticles. It’s a review of the work of world-renowned scientists and is the first of its kind that gives a detailed fundamental understanding of physical, chemical, and biological methods of nanoparticle synthesis. There is a comprehension of different characterization techniques of nanoparticles. This book, for the first time, explains applications of such nanochemicals in nanomedicine, nanoimmunomedicine, lab-on-a-chip, organ-on-a-chip, bioimplants, cyborgs, hydrogen storage, electrochemical splitting of water, and construction industries.
Download or read book Probing Crystal Plasticity at the Nanoscales written by Arief Suriadi Budiman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-27 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief highlights the search for strain gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations as a possible source of strength for two cases of deformation of materials at small scales: nanoindented single crystal copper and uniaxially compressed single crystal submicron gold pillars. When crystalline materials are mechanically deformed in small volumes, higher stresses are needed for plastic flow. This has been called the "Smaller is Stronger" phenomenon and has been widely observed. studies suggest that plasticity in one case is indeed controlled by the GNDs (strain gradient hardening), whereas in the other, plasticity is not controlled by strain gradients or sub-structure hardening, but rather by dislocation source starvation, wherein smaller volumes are stronger because fewer sources of dislocations are available (dislocation starvation hardening).
