Download or read book Using Federal R D to Promote Commercial Innovation written by Daniel P. Kaplan and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-11-22 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
Download or read book Federal Support for R D and Innovation written by Louis Schorsch and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Funding a Revolution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.
Download or read book Innovation Through Technical and Scientific Information written by and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1989-02-22 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the role of scientific and technical information in the innovation process. The authors are primarily concerned with federally supported scientific and technical information which can be used to improve technology development for nondefense purposes--and thus help improve the international economic competitiveness of the United States. As the authors note at the outset, the federal government already makes a substantial investment in creating scientific and technical information. Their study is designed to first evaluate the ways in which this investment can be better used to improve our innovation capacity and then to assess the policy implications for the federal government and private sector R&D firms. Divided into three principal parts, the book begins by discussing the relationship between information and innovation, with particular emphasis on the use of information in the private sector. Part II characterizes existing federal policy related to information, technology transfer, and innovation and examines whether federally supported R&D is responsive to the needs of technological development and economic competitiveness. The final section addresses federal strategies to improve the use of federal R&D in these areas. Throughout, the authors pay special attention to issues surrounding the relationships between information providers and users. An important contribution to the ongoing debate on U.S. competitiveness abroad, this book offers important new insights into the ways in which government policy might be redesigned to help foster higher levels of technological innovation among U.S. firms.
Download or read book Government s Role in Innovation written by Dennis Patrick Leyden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inadequate investment in innovation is particularly costly in today's globally competitive environment where continued technological advancements are critical to sustaining economic prosperity. The government has a critical role in ensuring that society's general interest in innovation, and the public good associated with innovation, is represented in private-sector decision making. This can be accomplished through a variety of programs and initiatives that reward innovation at all levels. The various activities that make this possible fall into two general categories: (1) the creation and maintenance of a legal environment that encourages private sector investment in innovation (patents and the relaxation of antitrust); and (2) the provision of incentives to overcome the natural inclination of private parties to consider only their private benefits when choosing the level of innovation in which to invest (governmental grants and contracts to targeted tax incentives). The role of government, more specifically, can be found in three key areas: (1) funding of research and development performed in the private sector; (2) funding of Federal laboratory research activities and the effective transfer of that knowledge to the private sector; and (3) encouraging the industry-university collaboration in research and development. It is these three areas of research that generate technologies fundamental to increasing the rate of technological development in the private sector, and it is these areas that are the focus of this book.
Download or read book State of Innovation written by Fred L. Block and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worst economic crisis since the Great Depression has generated a fundamental re-evaluation of the free-market policies that have dominated American politics for three decades. State of Innovation brings together critical essays looking at the 'innovation industry' in the context of the current crisis. The book shows how government programs and policies have underpinned technological innovation in the US economy over the last four decades, despite the strength of 'free market' political rhetoric. The contributors provide new insights into where innovations come from and how governments can support a dynamic innovation economy as the US recovers from a profound economic crisis. State of Innovation outlines a 21st century policy paradigm that will foster cutting-edge innovation which remains accountable to the public.
Download or read book Finding IT innovation in the United States written by Ernest M. Groos and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Support for R D and Innovation written by Louis Schorsch and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovation and National Security written by Adam Segal and published by Council on Foreign Relations Press. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past three-quarters of a century, the United States has led the world in technological innovation and development. The nation now risks falling behind its competitors, principally China. The United States needs to advance a national innovation strategy to ensure it remains the predominant power in a range of emerging technologies. Innovation and National Security: Keeping Our Edge outlines a strategy based on four pillars: restoring federal funding for research and development, attracting and educating a science and technology workforce, supporting technology adoption in the defense sector, and bolstering and scaling technology alliances and ecosystems. Failure could lead to a future in which rivals strengthen their militaries and threaten U.S. security interests, and new innovation centers replace the United States as the source of original ideas and inspiration for the world.
Download or read book Measuring the Science and Engineering Enterprise written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and engineering enterprise has continued to evolve, responding over the last decade to increased economic globalization, a post-cold war military, federal budget fluctuations, and structural changes in the way science and engineering are conducted and innovations are adopted. This report suggests ways to revise the data collection activities of the Science Resources Studies Division (SRS) of the National Science Foundation to better capture the current realities of R&D funding and S&E human resources. The report's recommendations would improve the relevance of the data on graduate education, the labor market for scientists and engineers, and the funding and conduct of research and development, and thus better meet the data needs of policymakers, managers, and researchers.
Download or read book Federal Research written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-07 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the aggregate commercial trends in Phase III of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program, which was established because small business has been identified as a principal source of significant R&D innovation which helps the U.S. compete in a global economy. Graphs and charts.
Download or read book Research and Innovation Policies in the New Global Economy written by Philippe Larédo and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-11-28 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The book is quite valuable, with its broad international coverage of state activities in the area of research and innovation support. It should also foster serious debates on the balance between public and private efforts in research and innovation.' - Mats Benner, Journal of Economic Literature '. . . this book provides the reader with a valuable summary of national public policy approaches to research and innovation at the end of the twentieth century and is a useful addition to the shelves of industrial policy experts.' - David Gray, Entrepreneurship and Innovation The book analyses the evolution of research and innovation policies in the world's leading countries. The last decade has witnessed a radical transformation of the landscape shaped after World War II, as described in the seminal collection edited by Richard Nelson in the early 1990s. Even though national systems have inherited different institutional arrangements and trajectories, analyses show three major converging trends in their public policies. There has been a retraction from support to large firms and programmes and a shift toward small to medium enterprises and the innovation infrastructure; the focus on public research and training capabilities is growing; and there has been a redesign of public intervention with the growing role of regions and states on one hand and multinational authorities on the other, particularly in the European Union.
Download or read book Innovations in Federal Statistics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal government statistics provide critical information to the country and serve a key role in a democracy. For decades, sample surveys with instruments carefully designed for particular data needs have been one of the primary methods for collecting data for federal statistics. However, the costs of conducting such surveys have been increasing while response rates have been declining, and many surveys are not able to fulfill growing demands for more timely information and for more detailed information at state and local levels. Innovations in Federal Statistics examines the opportunities and risks of using government administrative and private sector data sources to foster a paradigm shift in federal statistical programs that would combine diverse data sources in a secure manner to enhance federal statistics. This first publication of a two-part series discusses the challenges faced by the federal statistical system and the foundational elements needed for a new paradigm.
Download or read book FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR R AND D AND INNOVATION written by UNITED STATES. CONGRESS. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE. and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Linking Knowledge with Action for Sustainable Development written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-18 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes a workshop organized by the National Academies' Roundtable on Science and Technology for Sustainability. The workshop brought together a select group of program managers from the public and private sectors to discuss specific cases of linking knowledge to action in a diverse set of integrated observation, assessment, and decision support systems. Workshop discussions explored a wide variety of experiments in harnessing science and technology to goals of promoting development and conserving the environment. Participants reflected on the most significant challenges that they have faced when trying to implement their programs and the strategies that they have used to address them successfully. The report summarizes discussions at the workshop, including common themes about the process of linking knowledge with actions for sustainable development that emerged across a wide range of cases, sectors, and regions.
Download or read book Federal Research written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
