Download or read book Evaluation of Stream Temperature Spatial Variation Using Distributed Temperature Sensing written by Tara O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water temperature in rivers and streams is an important factor for aquatic ecosystem health. Measurement of stream temperature has traditionally been accomplished by point temperature measurements, continuous point temperature loggers, and more recently, airborne remote sensing techniques such as Forward-Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) or Thermal Infrared Radiometry. While each of these measurement techniques has certain advantages, none allows for the combined spatial and temporal information provided by Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS). DTS employs fiber optic signals to measure temperature and is a relatively new temperature measurement technology for hydrologic sensing applications. Nine DTS stream temperature datasets were collected in the Middle Fork John Day River (MFJDR) as part of a basin-wide stream monitoring effort. The datasets encompassed five 1-3 kilometer long reaches, some monitored over three summers (2009-2011). In contrast to existing stream temperature measurement technologies, DTS can provide stream temperature data in both the spatial and temporal domains. Techniques and challenges of interpreting DTS stream temperature data were documented, and three applications of the technology to stream temperature monitoring were explored. Cold water patches, potentially used by fish as thermal refugia during stream temperature maximums, were located using DTS. No identified cold patch exceeded 2.31°C cooler than ambient stream temperature. Tributary inflows provided some of the most temperature-differentiated cold patches. These findings provide a reference for the degree of thermal heterogeneity in the MFJDR system and beg the question of whether fish respond to small (

Download or read book A Study of Stream Temperature Using Distributed Temperature Sensing Fiber Optics Technology in Big Boulder Creek a Tributary to the Middle Fork John Day River in Eastern Oregon written by Aida D. Arik and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle Fork John Day Basin in Northeastern Oregon is prime habitat for spring Chinook salmon and Steelhead trout. In 2008, a major tributary supporting rearing habitat, Big Boulder Creek, was restored to its historic mid-valley channel along a 1 km stretch of stream 800 m upstream of the mouth. Reduction of peak summer stream temperatures was among the goals of the restoration. Using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Fiber Optic Technology, stream temperature was monitored prior to restoration in June 2008, and after restoration in September 2008, July 2009, and August 2009. Data gathered was used to determine locations of groundwater and hyporheic inflow and to form a stream temperature model of the system. The model was used both to develop an evaluation method to interpret components of model performance, and to better understand the physical processes important to the study reach. A very clear decreasing trend in surface temperature was seen throughout each of the DTS stream temperature datasets in the downstream 500 m of the study reach. Observed reduction in temperature was 0.5°C (±0.10) in June 2008, 0.3°C (±0.37) in September 2008, 0.6°C (±0.25) in July 2009, and 0.2°C (±0.08) in August 2009. Groundwater inflow was calculated to be 3% of the streamflow for July 2009 and 1% during the August 2009 installation. Statistically significant locations of groundwater and hyporheic inflow were also determined. July 2009 data was used to model stream temperature of the 1 km (RMSE 0.28°C). The developed model performance evaluation method measures timelag, offset, and amplitude at a downstream observed or simulated point compared with the boundary condition, rather than evaluating the model based on error. These measures are particularly relevant to small scale models in which error may not be a true reflection of the ability of a model to correctly predict temperature. Breaking down model performance into these three predictive measures was a simple and graphic method to show the model's predictive capability without sorting through large amounts of data. To better understand the model and the stream system, a sensitivity analysis was conducted showing high sensitivity to streamflow, air temperature, groundwater inflow, and relative humidity. Somewhat surprisingly, solar radiation was among the lowest sensitivity. Furthermore, three model scenarios were run: a 25% reduction in water velocity, a 5°C increase in air temperature, and no groundwater inflow. Simulations of removal of groundwater inflows resulted in a 0.5°C increase in average temperature over the modeled time period at the downstream end, further illustrating the importance of groundwater in this stream system to reduce temperatures.

Download or read book Heat as a Tool for Studying the Movement of Ground Water Near Streams written by David Arthur Stonestrom and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stream temperature and groundwater inflows written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stream Temperature and Groundwater Inflows written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determining the Spatial Distribution of Groundwater and Surface Water Exchange Using Heat as a Tracer written by Jeremy Crowley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude, location, and timing of groundwater and surface water (GWSW) interaction (both as groundwater discharge and hyporheic cycling) in streams have implications stream ecosystems, nutrient and contaminant reactions, and stream restoration work. In many areas of the world, high phosphorus and nitrate agricultural runoff is a large threat to water quality. The study location, Elton Creek in Cattaraugus County, NY, is located in glacial outwash sediments and is typical of streams in the Great Lakes watershed. We evaluate four general controls of the indicators (stream morphology, stream gradient, bank slope, and in-stream features) of groundwater/surface water (GWSW) interaction using an analytical GIS model of groundwater discharge.^In order to identify locations of GWSW interaction along a 500 m stream reach, a variety of methods were used (including differential streamflow gaging, solute tracers (or channel water balance), and distributed temperature sensor (DTS) monitoring. . A GIS analytical model based on the superimposed indicators was compared to the DTS standard deviation in stream temperature derived gaining and losing portions of the stream. The relative correlation of the individual indicators with groundwater discharge areas was identified for the studied section. It was found that the superposition of indicators was able to delineate areas of groundwater discharge with increasing accuracy. The GIS model of the mapped locations of superimposed indicators is expected to be applicable in a wide range of stream systems to locate areas of potential groundwater discharge, groundwater contaminant discharge, and biogeochemical hotspots.^In addition to identifying the spatial location of groundwater discharge we applied a coupled heat/mass balance model to DTS stream temperature to determine the location and magnitude of groundwater discharge at high spatial resolution. Previous studies using heat/mass balance modeling of GWSW interaction have either averaged temperature over time and distance, or used multiple parameters which are difficult to quantify. We used a simple heat/mass balance model to determine high spatiotemporal resolution groundwater discharge from DTS stream temperature. A rating curve was developed establishing the relationship between head and stream discharge at cross sections using stilling wells with pressure transducers. The upstream discharge was used as the initial condition (for each time step) to model the groundwater discharge at the study location. Additional downstream discharges were used to determine the effectiveness of the model to predict stream discharge.^In this case, it was found that the measurement error in temperature and stream discharge was greater than the variation in predicted downstream streamflow. In addition, the volume of groundwater discharge was not substantial enough to significantly evaluate the model prediction. We suggest that this methodology would be more appropriately applied in shallow streams, with known significant groundwater inputs, and dynamic stream discharge over the studied section.

Download or read book Quantitative Assessment of Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions in the Hailiutu River Basin Erdos Plateau China written by Zhi Yang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents a multi-disciplinary approach for investigating the interactions between groundwater and surface water in the semi-arid Hailiutu catchment in the Erdos Plateau, Northwest China. The study consists of statistical detection of river flow regime shifts at the basin level; multiple in-situ measurements for quantifying groundwater discharges using hydraulic, hydrochemical and temperature methods at a local scale; analysis and simulation of impacts of different land use scenarios on groundwater and surface water interactions at the sub-catchment scale; and the quantification of temporal and spatial groundwater and surface water interactions with hydrochemical tracers and modelling methods at the basin scale. The study found that the river flow consists of mainly groundwater discharges at all scales. The river flow regime has been intensively altered by human activities, such as the construction of reservoirs, water diversion, groundwater exploitation, and reforestation. Water use by plants and crops consumes majority of the precipitation. Groundwater sustains vegetation growth and feeds river discharges. The water resources and ecosystem management priority should reduce evaporative water uses by promoting dry resistant plant species for vegetating sand dunes and lower irrigation demand crops for socio-economic development. Furthermore, the Hailiutu River catchment must manage the groundwater recharge for water resource conservation and the maintenance of healthy ecosystems.

Download or read book The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering Third Edition written by John H. Cushman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 1726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition adds several new chapters and is thoroughly updated to include data on new topics such as hydraulic fracturing, CO2 sequestration, sustainable groundwater management, and more. Providing a complete treatment of the theory and practice of groundwater engineering, this new handbook also presents a current and detailed review of how to model the flow of water and the transport of contaminants both in the unsaturated and saturated zones, covers the protection of groundwater, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.

Download or read book Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography written by Richard E. Thomson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-04-03 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography is a practical referenceguide to established and modern data analysis techniques in earth and oceansciences. This second and revised edition is even more comprehensive with numerous updates, and an additional appendix on 'Convolution and Fourier transforms'. Intended for both students and established scientists, the fivemajor chapters of the book cover data acquisition and recording, dataprocessing and presentation, statistical methods and error handling,analysis of spatial data fields, and time series analysis methods. Chapter 5on time series analysis is a book in itself, spanning a wide diversity oftopics from stochastic processes and stationarity, coherence functions,Fourier analysis, tidal harmonic analysis, spectral and cross-spectralanalysis, wavelet and other related methods for processing nonstationarydata series, digital filters, and fractals. The seven appendices includeunit conversions, approximation methods and nondimensional numbers used ingeophysical fluid dynamics, presentations on convolution, statisticalterminology, and distribution functions, and a number of importantstatistical tables. Twenty pages are devoted to references. Featuring:• An in-depth presentation of modern techniques for the analysis of temporal and spatial data sets collected in oceanography, geophysics, and other disciplines in earth and ocean sciences.• A detailed overview of oceanographic instrumentation and sensors - old and new - used to collect oceanographic data.• 7 appendices especially applicable to earth and ocean sciences ranging from conversion of units, through statistical tables, to terminology and non-dimensional parameters. In praise of the first edition: "(...)This is a very practical guide to the various statistical analysis methods used for obtaining information from geophysical data, with particular reference to oceanography(...)The book provides both a text for advanced students of the geophysical sciences and a useful reference volume for researchers." Aslib Book Guide Vol 63, No. 9, 1998 "(...)This is an excellent book that I recommend highly and will definitely use for my own research and teaching." EOS Transactions, D.A. Jay, 1999 "(...)In summary, this book is the most comprehensive and practical source of information on data analysis methods available to the physical oceanographer. The reader gets the benefit of extremely broad coverage and an excellent set of examples drawn from geographical observations." Oceanography, Vol. 12, No. 3, A. Plueddemann, 1999 "(...)Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography is highly recommended for a wide range of readers, from the relative novice to the experienced researcher. It would be appropriate for academic and special libraries." E-Streams, Vol. 2, No. 8, P. Mofjelf, August 1999

Download or read book Using Distributed Temperature Sensing Fiber optics and Heat Source Modeling to Characterize a Northern California Stream s Thermal Regime written by Rosealea Mae Bond and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat Source model performance (Bias, RMSE, MARE, and NSE), compared to DTS observations, were all within the range of previous Heat Source applications. Heat Source modeling of reforestation of denuded legacy gravel bars from historic gold mining and areas of low vegetation in the study reach indicated that reforestation buffered daily maximum stream temperatures. Modeled channel restoration scenarios reduced the rate of heating (oC /90 m) in the treatment area by a maximum of 34 %. Climate change scenarios were simulated with a uniform increase of air temperature by 2 °C, 4 °C, and 6 °C which warmed stream temperatures by 0.09 oC / km per 2 oC air temperature increase. Warming predicted by climate change was ameliorated with reforestation (0.11 oC /km and 0.26 oC per 2 oC /km air temperature increase for partial and fully forested respectively).

Download or read book The Biology of Streams and Rivers written by Paul S. Giller and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-11-26 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide an accessible, up-to-date introduction to stream and river biology. Beginning with the physical features that define running water habitats, the book goes on to look at these organisms and their ecology.

Download or read book Groundwater Surface Water Interactions written by Habil. Jörg Lewandowski and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen a paradigm shift in our understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions: surface water and aquifers were long considered discrete, separate entities; they are now understood as integral components of a surface–subsurface continuum. This book provides an overview of current research advances and innovative approaches in groundwater–surface water interactions. The 20 research articles and 1 communication cover a wide range of thematic scopes, scales, and experimental and modelling methods across different disciplines (hydrology, aquatic ecology, biogeochemistry, and environmental pollution). The book identifies current knowledge gaps and reveals the challenges in establishing standardized measurement, observation, and assessment approaches. It includes current hot topcis with environmental and societal relevance such as eutrophication, retention of legacy, and emerging pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals and microplastics), urban water interfaces, and climate change impacts. The book demonstrates the relevance of processes at groundwater–surface water interfaces for (1) regional water balances and (2) quality and quantity of drinking water resources. As such, this book represents the long-awaited transfer of the above-mentioned paradigm shift in understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions from science to practice.

Download or read book Advances in Agronomy written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. Each volume contains an eclectic group of reviews by leading scientists throughout the world. As always, the subjects covered are rich, varied, and exemplary of the abundant subject matter addressed by this long-running serial. - Includes numerous, timely, state-of-the-art reviews on the latest advancements in agronomy - Features distinguished, well recognized authors from around the world - Builds upon this venerable and iconic review series - Covers the extensive variety and breadth of subject matter in the crop and soil sciences

Download or read book Ecohydrological Interfaces written by Stefan Krause and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-12 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecohydrological Interfaces Comprehensive overview of the process dynamics and interactions governing ecohydrological interfaces Summarizing the interdisciplinary investigation of ecohydrological interface functioning, Ecohydrological Interfaces advances the understanding of their dynamics across traditional subject boundaries. It offers a detailed explanation of the underlying mechanisms and process interactions governing ecohydrological interface functioning from the micro scale to the ecosystem and regional scale. The multidisciplinary team of authors integrates and synthesises the current understanding of process dynamics at different ecohydrological interfaces to develop a unifying concept of their ecosystem functions. The work introduces novel experimental and model-based methods for characterizing and quantifying ecohydrological interface processes, taking account of innovative sensing and tracing technologies as well as microbial and molecular biology approaches. Key questions addressed in the book include: Which conditions stimulate the transformative nature of ecohydrological interfaces? How are ecohydrological interfaces organized in space and time? How does interface activity propagate from small to large scales? How do ecohydrological interfaces react to environmental change and what is their role in processes of significant societal value? As a research level text on the functionality and performance of ecohydrological interfaces, Ecohydrological Interfaces is primarily aimed at academics and postgraduate researchers. It is also appropriate for university libraries as further reading on a range of geographical, environmental, biological, and engineering topics.

Download or read book Airborne Thermal Remote Sensing for Water Temperature Assessment in Rivers and Streams written by Christian E. Torgersen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airborne remote sensing methods are needed to assess spatial patterns of stream temperature at scales relevant to issues in water quality and fisheries management. In this study, we developed an airborne remote sensing method to measure spatially continuous patterns of stream temperature and evaluated the physical factors that influence the accuracy of thermal remote sensing of flowing waters. The airborne thermal infrared (TIR) system incorporated an internally calibrated thermal imager (8?12 ?m) aligned with a visible band camera in a vertically mounted, gimbaled pod attached to the underside of a helicopter. High-resolution imagery (0.2?0.4 m) covering the entire channel and adjacent floodplains was recorded digitally and georeferenced in-flight along 50- to 60-km river sections ranging from 2 to 110 m in width. Radiant water temperature corresponded to kinetic water temperature (5?27°C) in a range of stream environments within ±0.5°C. Longitudinal profiles of radiant water temperature from downstream to headwater reaches provided a spatial context for assessing large-scale patterns of thermal heterogeneity and fine-scale thermal features such as tributaries and groundwater inputs. Potential sources of error in remote measurements of stream temperature included reflected longwave radiation, thermal boundary layer effects at the water surface, and vertical thermal stratification. After taking into account the radiative properties of the surrounding environment and the physical qualities of the stream, thermal remote sensing proved highly effective for examining spatial patterns of stream temperature at a resolution and extent previously unattainable through conventional methods of stream temperature measurement using in-stream data recorders.

Download or read book Open Source GIS A GRASS GIS Approach written by Markus Neteler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-17 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach was published in 2002, GRASS has undergone major improvements. This second edition includes numerous updates related to the new development; its text is based on the GRASS 5.3 version from December 2003. Besides changes related to GRASS 5.3 enhancements, the introductory chapters have been re-organized, providing more extensive information on import of external data. Most of the improvements in technical accuracy and clarity were based on valuable feedback from readers. Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach, Second Edition, provides updated information about the use of GRASS, including geospatial modeling with raster, vector, and site data, image processing, visualization, and coupling with other open source tools for geostatistical analysis and web applications. A brief introduction to programming within GRASS encourages new development. The sample data set used throughout the book has been updated and is available on the GRASS web site. This book also includes links to sites where the GRASS software and on-line reference manuals can be downloaded and additional applications can be viewed.

Download or read book Thermal Remote Sensing of Stream Temperature and Groundwater Discharge written by Richard S. Deitchman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: