Download or read book Electrical Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition Method written by Bakir Babić and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perspective of Carbon Nanotubes written by Hosam El-Din Saleh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-11 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes belong to new nanomaterials and have been known for almost 20 years, but their history is somewhat lengthier. They have been identified as promising candidates for various applications.High-temperature preparation techniques are conventional techniques for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes using arc discharge or laser ablation, but today these methods are being replaced by low-temperature vapor deposition techniques, since orientation, alignment, nanotube length, diameter, purity, and density of carbon nanotubes can be precisely controlled. The synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition on catalyst arrays leads to nanotube models grown from specific sites on surfaces. The controlled synthesis of nanotubes opens up interesting possibilities in nanoscience and nanotechnologies, including electrical, mechanical and electromechanical properties and devices, chemical functionalization, surface chemistry and photochemistry, molecular sensors, and interfacing with moderate biological systems.Carbon nanotubes are used in many applications due to their unique electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and other properties. Conductive and high-strength composite materials, energy saving and energy conversion devices, sensors, visualization of field emissions and sources of radiation, means for storing hydrogen, and nanoscale semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnections are some of the many applications of carbon nanotubes.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Siva Yellampalli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes are one of the most intriguing new materials with extraordinary properties being discovered in the last decade. The unique structure of carbon nanotubes provides nanotubes with extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties. The outstanding properties that these materials possess have opened new interesting researches areas in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Although nanotubes are very promising in a wide variety of fields, application of individual nanotubes for large scale production has been limited. The main roadblocks, which hinder its use, are limited understanding of its synthesis and electrical properties which lead to difficulty in structure control, existence of impurities, and poor processability. This book makes an attempt to provide indepth study and analysis of various synthesis methods, processing techniques and characterization of carbon nanotubes that will lead to the increased applications of carbon nanotubes.
Download or read book Handbook of Carbon Nanotubes written by Jiji Abraham and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 2099 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook covers the fundamentals of carbon nanotubes (CNT), their composites with different polymeric materials (both natural and synthetic) and their potential advanced applications. Three different parts dedicated to each of these aspects are provided, with chapters written by worldwide experts in the field. It provides in-depth information about this material serving as a reference book for a broad range of scientists, industrial practitioners, graduate and undergraduate students, and other professionals in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering. Part 1 comprises 22 chapters covering early stages of the development of CNT, synthesis techniques, growth mechanism, the physics and chemistry of CNT, various innovative characterization techniques, the need of functionalization and different types of functionalization methods as well as the different properties of CNT. A full chapter is devoted to theory and simulation aspects. Moreover, it pursues a significant amount of work on life cycle analysis of CNT and toxicity aspects. Part 2 covers CNT-based polymer nanocomposites in approximately 23 chapters. It starts with a short introduction about polymer nanocomposites with special emphasis on CNT-based polymer nanocomposites, different manufacturing techniques as well as critical issues concerning CNT-based polymer nanocomposites. The text deeply reviews various classes of polymers like thermoset, elastomer, latex, amorphous thermoplastic, crystalline thermoplastic and polymer fibers used to prepare CNT based polymer composites. It provides detailed awareness about the characterization of polymer composites. The morphological, rheological, mechanical, viscoelastic, thermal, electrical, electromagnetic shielding properties are discussed in detail. A chapter dedicated to the simulation and multiscale modelling of polymer nanocomposites is an additional attraction of this part of the Handbook. Part 3 covers various potential applications of CNT in approximately 27 chapters. It focuses on individual applications of CNT including mechanical applications, energy conversion and storage applications, fuel cells and water splitting, solar cells and photovoltaics, sensing applications, nanofluidics, nanoelectronics and microelectronic devices, nano-optics, nanophotonics and nano-optoelectronics, non-linear optical applications, piezo electric applications, agriculture applications, biomedical applications, thermal materials, environmental remediation applications, anti-microbial and antibacterial properties and other miscellaneous applications and multi-functional applications of CNT based polymer nanocomposites. One chapter is fully focussed on carbon nanotube research developments: published papers and patents. Risks associated with carbon nanotubes and competitive analysis of carbon nanotubes with other carbon allotropes are also addressed in this Handbook.
Download or read book Growth and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Grown Via Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Christian Peter Deck and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deposition and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes CNTs Based Films for Sensing Applications written by Amila C. Dissanayake and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of carbon nanotubes has opened up lot of novel applications because of their unique electrical and mechanical properties. CNTs are well known material for its exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal and chemical properties. A single-wall nanotube ) can be either semiconducting, metallic or semi-metallic, based on its chirality and diameter. SWNTs can be used in transistor device as active channels due to high electron mobility, electrical interconnects, nano-scale circuits, field-emission displays, light-emitting devices and thermal heat sinks due to low resistivity, high current density and high thermal conductivity. Further, their high Young’s modulus and fracture stress is suitable for various sensing applications such as strain/pressure and use in chemical/biological sensors. This work mainly involves the deposition of CNT-based films following two different methods via a conventional microwave chemical vapor deposition and spinning CNT-composites, and explored the possibility of using CNT-based films in strain gauge applications. Deposited films are characterized and analyzed for their structure, microstructure, composition and electrical properties. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, X-ray Reflectivity, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and electrical impedance measurement techniques are used to characterize the films prepared by both the above mentioned methods. The synthesis/deposition process is improved based on the observed films properties. A carbon nanotube forest grown on the Si substrate with Ni as a catalyst using CVD system shows an amorphous nature due to loss of catalytic activity of Ni nano-islands. XPS and RBS data show Ni nano-particles diffused into the Si substrate and surface layer of Ni particles turns out to nickel silicide. The diffusion of Ni nano-particles and nickel silicide formation occurs due to annealing and longer plasma treatment. Because of annealing and plasma treatment, the phase of Ni changes from amorphous to hexagonal close packed with p63/mmc space group and cubic Fm-3m with plasma treatment time. Further, the role of Ni diffusion into silicon in the catalyzing CNT formation has been investigated and discussed further. Carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposite films are synthesized using spin coating of a polyurethane and CNTs mixture. This produced porous films with the average pore size of around 10 micrometers. The electrical conductivity of the CNTs-polymer composites increases with the carbon nanotube loading, and composites show frequency independent conductivity as frequency increases. Generally, ac conductivity as a function of signal frequency for the above composites shows conductive behavior. The parallel RC-circuit model reveals that composites without any cross-linkers are uniform and homogenous. The composite with low carbon nanotube content with cross-linkers shows the same trend. But composites with higher carbon nanotube content with cross-linkers shows poor dispersion and agglomeration of carbon nanotubes.
Download or read book Aligned Carbon Nanotubes written by Zhifeng Ren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a survey of the physics and fabrication of carbon nanotubes and their applications in optics, electronics, chemistry and biotechnology. It focuses on the structural characterization of various carbon nanotubes, fabrication of vertically or parallel aligned carbon nanotubes on substrates or in composites, physical properties for their alignment, and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes in field emission, optical antennas, light transmission, solar cells, chemical devices, bio-devices, and many others. Major fabrication methods are illustrated in detail, particularly the most widely used PECVD growth technique on which various device integration schemes are based, followed by applications such as electrical interconnects, nanodiodes, optical antennas, and nanocoax solar cells, whereas current limitations and challenges are also be discussed to lay the foundation for future developments.
Download or read book Nanotube Superfiber Materials written by Rachit Malik and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. However, the transfer of these extraordinary qualities into CNT products, without compromising performance, remains a challenge. This chapter presents an overview of the manufacturing of CNT sheets and buckypaper and also describes research performed at the University of Cincinnati in this field. CNT arrays were grown using the chemical vapor deposition method. Sheets were drawn from the spinnable CNT arrays and characterized using scanning electron microscopy to show the highly unidirectional alignment of the nanotubes in the sheet. The anisotropic morphology of the sheet provides superior properties along one material axis as observed by measuring the tensile strength, electrical resistivity, optical transmittance, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of the material. Surface modification of aligned multiwall nanotube sheets was carried out via incorporation of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in the sheet posttreatment process. Helium/oxygen plasma was utilized to produce carboxyl (–COO−) functionality on the surface of the nanotubes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the functional groups on the nanotube surface. The sheet was further characterized using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle testing. Composite laminates made from functionalized CNT sheets showed higher strength than those made with pristine sheets. The effects of plasma power and oxygen concentration were studied in order to determine the best possible parameters for functionalization. Plasma treatment is a useful tool for fast, clean and dry functionalization of CNTs. This study demonstrates the ease of incorporating the plasma tool in the manufacturing process of sheets leading to the production of CNT/polymer composites. Macroscopic structures of nanotubes such as threads and sheets are leading to novel applications.
Download or read book Optical and Electrical Properties of Single walled Carbon Nanotubes with Known Chiralities written by Zhengyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a hollow structure consisted by one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms, which can be considered as a rolled-up graphene sheet. The diameter and rolling angle (chirality) uniquely determines its electronic structure. Over two decades of study, due to the difficulty of synthesizing clean individual CNTs and the limitation of accurate chirality characterization, there are still unveiled questions towards the intrinsic properties of this 1-D material at single molecular level. In this thesis, I will discuss the approaches of fabricating chirality assigned CNT device and the experimental results of its optical and electrical properties. In the first part, I describe using 'fast heating' chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to achieve the high quality suspended CNT growth. Combining Rayleigh and Raman spectroscopy, I demonstrate the accurate assignment of chirality for each suspended individual CNT. With the ability of chirality identification, a series of optical and electrical experiments were conducted on the selected CNTs of interest.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Science written by Peter J. F. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes represent one of the most exciting research areas in modern science. These molecular-scale carbon tubes are the stiffest and strongest fibres known, with remarkable electronic properties, and potential applications in a wide range of fields. Carbon Nanotube Science is a concise, accessible book, presenting the basic knowledge that graduates and researchers need to know. Based on the successful Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures, this book focuses solely on carbon nanotubes, covering the major advances made in recent years in this rapidly developing field. Chapters focus on electronic properties, chemical and bimolecular functionalisation, nanotube composites and nanotube-based probes and sensors. The book begins with a comprehensive discussion of synthesis, purification and processing methods. With its comprehensive coverage of this active research field, this book will appeal to researchers in a broad range of disciplines, including nanotechnology, engineering, materials science and physics.
Download or read book Direct Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Metal Supports by Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Naiqin Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrical Characterization and Device Applications of Individual Singled wall Carbon Nanotubes written by Ali Javey and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Michael J. O’Connell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their discovery more than a decade ago, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have held scientists and engineers in captive fascination, seated on the verge of enormous breakthroughs in areas such as medicine, electronics, and materials science, to name but a few. Taking a broad look at CNTs and the tools used to study them, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications comprises the efforts of leading nanotube researchers led by Michael O’Connell, protégé of the late father of nanotechnology, Richard Smalley. Each chapter is a self-contained treatise on various aspects of CNT synthesis, characterization, modification, and applications. The book opens with a general introduction to the basic characteristics and the history of CNTs, followed by discussions on synthesis methods and the growth of “peapod” structures. Coverage then moves to electronic properties and band structures of single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), magnetic properties, Raman spectroscopy of electronic and chemical behavior, and electromechanical properties and applications in NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems). Turning to applications, the final sections of the book explore mechanical properties of SWNTs spun into fibers, sidewall functionalization in composites, and using SWNTs as tips for scanning probe microscopes. Taking a fresh look at this burgeoning field, Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications points the way toward making CNTs commercially viable.
Download or read book In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Carbon Nanotube Nucleation Mechanism and Carbon Nanotube Clamped Metal Atomic Chains written by Dai-Ming Tang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) approach to investigate the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as the fabrication and properties of CNT-clamped metal atomic chains (MACs) is the focus of the research summarized in this thesis. The application of an in situ TEM approach in the above-mentioned research provides not only real-time observation but also monitored machining and structural evolvement at the atomic level. In this thesis, the author introduces a CNT tubular nano furnace that can be operated under TEM for investigation of the CNT nucleation mechanism. By studying the nucleation process of CNTs in the presence of various catalysts, including iron-based metallic catalysts and silicon oxide-based non-metallic catalysts, the physical states of the catalysts as well as the nucleation and growth process of CNTs are revealed. Based on the understanding of the nucleation mechanism, the author proposes a hetero-epitaxial growth strategy of CNTs from boron nitride, which provides a new route for the controllable growth of CNTs. In addition, the author presents an electron beam-assisted nanomachining technique and the fabrication of a CNT-clamped MAC prototype device based on this technique. The formation process of CNT-clamped Fe atomic chains (ACs) can be monitored with atomic resolution. The demonstrated quantized conductance and uninfluenced half-metallic properties of Fe ACs indicate that CNTs can be promising nanoscale electrodes or interconnectors for the linking and assembly of nano and subnano structures.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Christian Peter Deck and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess exceptional material properties, making them desirable for use in a variety of applications. In this work, CNTs were grown using two distinct catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) procedures, floating catalyst CVD and thermal CVD, which differed in the method of catalyst introduction. Reaction conditions were optimized to synthesize nanotubes with desired characteristics, and the effects of varying growth parameters were studied. These parameters included gas composition, temperature, reaction duration, and catalyst and substrate material. The CNT products were then examined using several approaches. For each CVD method, nanotube growth rates were determined and the formation and termination mechanisms were investigated. The effects of reaction parameters on nanotube diameters and morphology were also explored to identify means of controlling these important properties. In addition to investigating the effects of different growth parameters, the material properties of nanotubes were also studied. The floating catalyst CVD method produced thick mats of nanotubes, and the mechanical response of these samples was examined using in-situ compression and tension testing. These results indicated that mat structure is composed of discontinuous nanotubes, and a time-dependent response was also observed. In addition, the electrical resistance of bulk CNT samples was found to increase for tubes grown with higher catalyst concentrations and with bamboo morphologies. The properties of nanotubes synthesized using thermal CVD were also examined. Mechanical testing was performed using the same in-situ compression approach developed for floating catalyst CVD samples. A second characterization method was devised, where an optical approach was used to measure the deflection of patterned nanotubes exposed to an applied fluid flow. This response was also simulated, and comparisons with the experimental data were used to determine the flexural rigidity of these CNT arrays. In this work, two potential applications for carbon nanotubes were also considered. Using the experimental method employed for flexural rigidity measurements, a carbon nanotube-based fluid flow sensor that offered fast response and repeatability was demonstrated. There is also great interest in CNTs for high strength applications, and the growth of nanotubes for the spin-processing of CNTs into micron-scale fibers was also investigated.
Download or read book Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Transistors Made from Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene written by Daniel Andrew Nezich and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes and graphene are low-dimensional allotropes of carbon which exhibit novel mechanical and electrical properties. The methods for producing these materials and fabricating electronic devices from them are still under development. This thesis uses the fabrication and electronic analysis of field-effect transistors made from carbon nanotubes and graphene to gain insights into the growth process of these materials, to understand complications of the fabrication process, and to assess the quality of the materials through their electronic properties. The numbers of semoconducting and metallic nanotubes produced by growth using two different catalysts are counted by the process of electrical cutting. Various highcurrent phenomena are observed and explained through use of multi-nanotube and charge leakage models. The high-current annealing method discovered for nanotubes is found to also be useful for improving the quality of graphene devices. The graphene used for device fabrication is produced by thermal chemical vapor deposition on thin film nickel. The large area and weak adhesion of this material leads to the alteration of device designs and fabrication procedures, including substrate exposure and high-temperature annealing. A new nanofluidic device is introduced to study the enhanced lateral wet etching rate of materials in contact with graphene. Two sets of graphene field-effect transistors are analyzed, a first for this type of material. Improved material quality results in improved electrical mobility. Two independent models are derived which relate the thickness of a graphene film to its gate-voltage dependent behaviour, and are justified by experiment. Temperature dependence, quantum capacitance, and multiterminal measurements are discussed.
Download or read book Experimental Characterization and Simulation of Carbon Nanotube Strain Sensing Films written by Nagendra Krishna Chaitanya Tummalapalli and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical, electrical and electromechanical properties. These properties led to a lot of novel applications. Due to change in electrical properties under mechanical loading, these composites have potential applications in strain sensors, when these are fabricated as films. CNT-based films are commonly fabricated using different physical and chemical techniques based on the property requirements governing those applications. In this work, CNT films were prepared using wet chemical based methods and chemical vapor deposition techniques. Plasma chemical vapor deposition using microwave power is used in the first method to deposit films on silicon substrates, using Nickel film as a catalyst layer. The effect of different processing steps in this method, viz., hydrogen annealing, hydrogen plasma pre-growth treatment and MWCVD deposition properties on the film properties is studied in the first stage. In the second method, Carbon nanotube-polyurethane nanocomposite films of different loading proportions (1 to 8%) are prepared along with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) on different substrates using a spin coating. These film properties were analyzed using different characterization techniques. These studies demonstrated the optimization of the growth and preprocess parameters with respect to the structural phase, microstructure and conductivity of these films in both the methods. Simulation of the CNT sensor characteristics was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Optical lithography is used to fabricate the sensor structures using CNT nanocomposite films. The results of these studies were discussed in detail.
