Download or read book Daytime Raman Lidar Profiling of Atmospheric Water Vapor written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance Modeling of Ultraviolet Raman Lidar Systems for Daytime Profiling of Atmospheric Water Vapor written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implementation of Raman Lidar for Profiling of Atmospheric Water Vapor and Aerosols at the SGP CART Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are clearly identified scientific requirements for continuous profiling of atmospheric water vapor at the SGP CART (southern great plains cloud and radiation testbed) site. Research conducted at several laboratories, including our own collaboration in a previous ARM Instrument Development Project, has demonstrated the suitability of Raman lidar for providing measurements that are an excellent match to those requirements. We are currently building a ruggedized Raman lidar system that will reside permanently at the CART site, and that is computer-automated to minimize requirements for operator interaction. In addition to profiling water vapor through most of the troposphere during nighttime and through the boundary layer during daytime, the lidar will provide quantitative characterizations of aerosols and clouds, including depolarization measurements for particle phase studies.

Download or read book Turn key Raman Lidar for Profiling Atmospheric Water Vapor Clouds and Aerosols at the US Southern Great Plains Climate Study Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are clearly identified scientific requirements for continuous profiling of atmospheric water vapor at the Department of Energy, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program, Southern Great Plains CART (Cloud and Radiation Testbed) site in northern Oklahoma. Research conducted at several laboratories has demonstrated the suitability of Raman lidar for providing measurements that are an excellent match to those requirements. We have developed and installed a ruggedized Raman lidar system that resides permanently at the CART site, and that is computer automated to eliminate the requirements for operator interaction. In addition to the design goal of profiling water vapor through most of the troposphere during nighttime and through the boundary layer during daytime, the lidar provides quantitative characterizations of aerosols and clouds, including depolarization measurements for particle phase studies.

Download or read book Raman Lidar Profiling of Atmospheric Water Vapor written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Raman Lidar Profiling of Water Vapor and Aerosols Over the ARM SGP Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed and implemented automated algorithms to retrieve profiles of water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol backscattering, and aerosol extinction from Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman Lidar data acquired during both daytime and nighttime operations. This Raman lidar system is unique in that it is turnkey, automated system designed for unattended, around-the-clock profiling of water vapor and aerosols (Goldsmith et al., 1998). These Raman lidar profiles are important for determining the clear-sky radiative flux, as well as for validating the retrieval algorithms associated with satellite sensors. Accurate, high spatial and temporal resolution profiles of water vapor are also required for assimilation into mesoscale models to improve weather forecasts. We have also developed and implemented routines to simultaneously retrieve profiles of relative humidity. These routines utilize the water vapor mixing ratio profiles derived from the Raman lidar measurements together with temperature profiles derived from a physical retrieval algorithm that uses data from a collocated Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) (Feltz et al., 1998; Turner et al., 1999). These aerosol and water vapor profiles (Raman lidar) and temperature profiles (AERI+GOES) have been combined into a single product that takes advantage of both active and passive remote sensors to characterize the clear sky atmospheric state above the CART site.

Download or read book Encontro Nacional de F sica de Reatores e Termohidr ulica ENFIR 6 written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Raman Lidar Measurements During the International Hzo Project 1 written by D. N. Whiteman and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere helps to determine the likelihood that severe storms may develop. The concentration of water vapor, though, is highly variable in space and time. And yet small changes in water vapor concentration over a short period of time or over a short spatial distance can determine whether a storm may or may not develop. Therefore, in order to improve the ability to forecast severe weather such as thunderstorms it is important to measure water vapor in the atmosphere with high spatial and temporal resolution. One of the most attractive research tools for measuring water vapor in the atmosphere with high spatial and temporal resolution is a Raman lidar. A Raman lidar consists of a laser transmitter, a telescope receiver and optics and electronics for processing opticand electronic signals. A laser pulse is emitted into the atmosphere and it interacts with molecules in the atmosphere causing them to become excited and to emit, through the Raman process, photons of different wavelength than emitted by the laser. The molecule that emitted these emitted. This is the way that a Raman lidar identifies water vapor molecules in the atmosphere. can be identified based on the wavelength of the photons One of the great challenges in Raman lidar measurements has been to make useful daytime measurements of the water vapor profile under bright daytime conditions. In this first of two papers, we describe the instrumentation and analysis of the first documented Raman lidar that is able to measure water vapor in the daytime with sufficient quality to permit the study of developing storm systems.

Download or read book Evaluation of a Raman Lidar for Atmospheric Water Vapour Profiling written by G. J. Kunz and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implementation of Raman Iidar for Profiling of Atmospheric Water Vapor and Aerosols at the SGP CART Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Refurbishment and Upgrade of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Raman Lidar written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) Raman lidar (CARL) is an autonomous, turn-key system that profiles water vapor, aerosols, and clouds throughout the diurnal cycle for days without attention (Goldsmith et al. 1998). CARL was first deployed to the Southern Great Plains CRF during the summer of 1996 and participated in the 1996 and 1997 water vapor intensive operational periods (IOPs). Since February 1998, the system has collected over 38,000 hrs of data (equivalent of almost 4.4 years), with an average monthly uptime of 62% during this time period. This unprecedented performance by CARL makes it the premier operational Raman lidar in the world. Unfortunately, CARL began degrading in early 2002. This loss of sensitivity, which affected all observed variables, was very gradual and thus was not identified until the autumn of 2003. Analysis of the data suggested the problem was not associated with the laser or transmit portion of the system, but rather in the detection subsystem, as both the background values and the peak signals showed a marked decreases over this time period. The loss of sensitivity of a factor of 2-4, depending on the channel, resulted in higher random error in the retrieved products, such as the aerosol backscatter coefficient and water vapor mixing ratio. Figure 1 shows the random error at 2 km for aerosol backscatter coefficient (top) and water vapor mixing ratio (middle), in terms of percent of the signal for both average daytime (red) and nighttime (blue) data from 1998 to 2005. The seasonal variation of water vapor is easily seen in the random error in the water vapor mixing ratio data. The loss of sensitivity also affected the maximum range of the usable data, as illustrated by the dramatic decrease in the maximum height seen in the water vapor mixing ratio data (bottom). This degradation, which results in much larger random errors, greatly hinders the analysis of data sets such as the Aerosol IOP (March 2003) and the AIRS Water Vapor Experiment (December 2003). The degradation and its impact on the Aerosol IOP analysis are reported in Ferrare et al. 2005.

Download or read book Profiling of Atmospheric Water Vapor with Mir and Lase written by J. R. Wang and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the first and the only simultaneous measurements of water vapor by MIR (Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer) and LASE (Lidar Atmospheric Sounding Experiment) on board the same ER-2 aircraft. Water vapor is one of the most important constituents in the Earth's atmosphere, as its spatial and temporal variations affect a wide spectrum of meteorological phenomena ranging from the formation of clouds to the development of severe storms. Its concentration, as measured in terms of relative humidity, determines the extinction coefficient of atmospheric aerosol particles and therefore visibility. These considerations point to the need for effective and frequent measurements of the atmospheric water vapor. The MIR and LASE instruments provide measurements of water vapor profiles with two markedly different techniques. LASE can give water vapor profiles with excellent vertical resolution under clear condition, while MIR can retrieve water vapor profiles with a crude vertical resolution even under a moderate cloud cover. Additionally, millimeter-wave measurements are relatively simple and provide better spatial coverage.

Download or read book Analysis and Calibration of CRF Raman Lidar Cloud Liquid Water Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Raman lidar (RL), located at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility (CRF), is a unique state-of-the-art active remote sensor that is able to measure profiles of water vapor, aerosol, and cloud properties at high temporal and vertical resolution throughout the diurnal cycle. In October 2005, the capability of the RL was extended by the addition of a new detection channel that is sensitive to the Raman scattering of liquid water. This new channel permits the system, in theory, to measure profiles of liquid water content (LWC) by the RL. To our knowledge, the ARM RL is the only operation lidar with this capability. The liquid water Raman backscattering cross-section is a relatively weak and spectrally broad feature, relative to the water vapor Raman backscatter signal. The wide bandpass required to achieve reasonable signal-to-noise in the liquid water channel essentially eliminates the ability to measure LWC profiles during the daytime in the presence of large solar background, and thus all LWC observations are nighttime only. Additionally, the wide bandpass increases the probability that other undesirable signals, such as fluorescence from aerosols, may contaminate the observation. The liquid water Raman cross-section has a small amount of overlap with the water vapor Raman cross-section, and thus there will be a small amount of 'cross-talk' between the two signals, with water vapor contributing a small amount of signal to the LWC observation. And finally, there is significant uncertainty in the actual strength of the liquid water Raman cross-section in the literature. The calibrated LWC profiles, together with the coincident cloud backscatter observations also made by the RL, can be used to derive profiles of cloud droplet effective radius. By combining these profiles of effective radius in the lower portion of the cloud with the aerosol extinction measurements made below the cloud by the RL, the first aerosol indirect effect can be investigated using a single instrument, thereby reducing the uncertainty associated with aligning the different sampling periods and fields of view of multiple instruments. We have applied a "first principles" calibration to the LWC profiles. This approach requires that the relative differences in optical efficiency between the water vapor and liquid water channels be known; this relative difference is easily computed using the efficiency values of the beam splitters and interference filters in the lidar that were provided by the vendors of these components. The first principles approach then transfers the calibration from the water vapor mixing ratio to the LWC using the difference in the optical efficiency and an interpolated value of the liquid water Raman cross section from the literature, and the better established water vapor Raman cross section. After accounting for all known error sources, the vertical integral of LWC was compared against a similar value retrieved from a co-located ground-based infrared radiometer. The RL and infrared radiometer have significantly different fields of view; thus to compare the two sensors the data were averaged to 5 min intervals where only cloudy samples were included in the average of each. While there is fair scatter in the data (r=0.47), there is also a clear indication of a positive correlation between the infrared and the RL values. The value of the slope of the regression is 0.49, which indicates a tendency of the RL measurements to underestimate the total liquid amount with respect to the infrared retrieval. Research continues to investigate the source of the bias, but the most likely candidate is the large uncertainty in the liquid water Raman cross-section as there have been no direct measurements made of this parameter at the lidar's laser wavelength of 355 nm. The calibrated LWC profile was then used together with the cloud backscatter coefficient profile from the RL to derive profiles of cloud droplet effective radius and cloud droplet number density. These profiles of cloud droplet size together with the aerosol extinction observed by the same lidar are used to investigate the aerosol indirect effect in several case studies in August 2006. Russo F. "An investigation of Raman lidar measurements and their application to the study of the aerosol indirect effect", PhD Thesis (2007). Russo F., D.N. Whiteman, D.D. Turner, B.B. Demoz, R.M. Hoff, I. Veselovskii, "Measurements of the Aerosol Indirect Effect using a Raman lidar. Part 1: cloud liquid water measurements", manuscript in preparation. Russo F., D.N. Whiteman, D.D. Turner, B.B. Demoz, R.M. Hoff, I. Veselovskii, "Measurements of the Aerosol Indirect Effect using a Raman lidar. Part 2: the calculation of IE", manuscript in preparation.

Download or read book Daytime Raman Lidar Measurements of Water Vapor During the ARM 1997 Water Vapor Intensive Observation Period written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the importance of water vapor, the ARM program initiated a series of three intensive operating periods (IOPs) at its CART (Cloud And Radiation Testbed) site. The goal of these IOPs is to improve and validate the state-of-the-art capabilities in measuring water vapor. To date, two of the planned three IOPs have occurred: the first was in September of 1996, with an emphasis on the lowest kilometer, while the second was conducted from September--October 1997 with a focus on both the upper troposphere and lowest kilometer. These IOPs provided an excellent opportunity to compare measurements from other systems with those made by the CART Raman lidar. This paper addresses primarily the daytime water vapor measurements made by the lidar system during the second of these IOPs.

Download or read book New Examination of the Raman Lidar Technique for Water Vapor and Aerosols written by David N. Whiteman and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intent of this paper and its companion is to compile together the essential information required for the analysis of Raman lidar water vapor and aerosol data acquired using a single laser wavelength. In this first paper several details concerning the evaluation of the lidar equation when measuring Raman scattering are considered. These details include the influence of the temperature dependence of both pure rotational and vibrational-rotational Raman scattering on the lidar profile. These are evaluated for the first time using a new form of the lidar equation. The results indicate that, for the range of temperatures encountered in the troposphere, the magnitude of the temperature dependent effect can reach 10% or more for narrowband Raman water vapor measurements. Also the calculation of atmospheric transmission is examined carefully including the effects of depolarization. Different formulations of Rayleigh cross section determination commonly used in the lidar field are compared revealing differences up to 5% among the formulations. The influence of multiple scattering on the measurement of aerosol extinction using the Raman lidar technique is considered as are several photon pulse-pileup correction techniques.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Third Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ARM Science Team Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NASA Conference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: