Download or read book Acquisition of Dative Alternation in English by Second Language Learners written by Dong Han Lee and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dative Alternation in the Interlanguage of German Learners of English written by Miriam Fuehrer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-06 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.0, University of Siegen, language: English, abstract: Would you say you '...gave a good friend a scarf' or would you rather say you '...gave a scarf to a good friend'? The grammatical phenomenon underlying the two syntactic variants - the double object dative [a good friend] [a scarf] and the prepositional object dative [a scarf] [to a good friend] - is the so-called 'dative alternation' (DA). The latter term captures this general ability in English to express the same event of giving with two distinct syntactic structures. DA has been researched extensively for native speakers of English. Most of the scientific attention was directed at identifying the semantic and informational variables that give rise to the respective variants. Also, a number of corpus studies have revealed an interesting phenomenon commonly referred to as "lexical bias" (e.g. Wasow 2002). More precisely, researchers have found some dative verbs to occur more frequently in a prepositional dative variant (POD), whereas other dative verbs seem to favor the double object variant (DOD) (e.g. Davidse 1996; Stallings et al. 1998; Wasow 2002; Arnoldet al. 2003; Bresnan & Nikitina 2003). For example, Wasow (2002) found 'give' to occur in a DOD shape in 85% of his data, while Davidse (1996) found the verb 'throw' to occur in a POD shape in 90% of her data. While DA has been widely explored for native speakers of English, relatively little is known about it in contexts of SLA. This study investigates how DA is reflected in the IL of German learners of English and, additionally, whether German learners exhibit similar lexical biases in their choice of dative syntax. Raw data of early research on the acquisition of English DA by French native speakers (Mazurkevich 1984; Hawkins 1987) show similar lexical biases as observed for native speakers. This trend suggests that lexical biases are ac
Download or read book The Acquisition of the Dative Alternation and Particle Movement by Second Language Learners written by Wendy P. A. Scammell and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1991 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dative Alternation Investigating Grammatical Variation written by Michelle Blum and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project Report from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, language: English, abstract: The phenomenon under investigation was the dative alternation, i.e. the factors influencing the choice between the NP/noun phrase dative ("I give him the book") and the PP/prepositional phrase dative ("I give the book to him"). It is generally assumed, that factors holding an influence over the dative choice are, among others, the syntactic complexity/length of the indirect object and the verbs used. In order to find out which factor is more influential in the choice, both factors were considered in the study. Some verbs, like give, promise, lend and mail, have a tendency towards the usage with the NP dative - that means that they would not be used with the PP dative, and this would thus mean that the NP dative would be used more often when these verbs occur - if the verb choice influences the dative form more than the syntactic complexity, that is.
Download or read book A Syntactic Study of Second Language Acquisition of English Dative Alternation in Native Speakers of Romanian written by Emanuela D. Dragomir and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Targeted Learning written by Mark J. van der Laan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The statistics profession is at a unique point in history. The need for valid statistical tools is greater than ever; data sets are massive, often measuring hundreds of thousands of measurements for a single subject. The field is ready to move towards clear objective benchmarks under which tools can be evaluated. Targeted learning allows (1) the full generalization and utilization of cross-validation as an estimator selection tool so that the subjective choices made by humans are now made by the machine, and (2) targeting the fitting of the probability distribution of the data toward the target parameter representing the scientific question of interest. This book is aimed at both statisticians and applied researchers interested in causal inference and general effect estimation for observational and experimental data. Part I is an accessible introduction to super learning and the targeted maximum likelihood estimator, including related concepts necessary to understand and apply these methods. Parts II-IX handle complex data structures and topics applied researchers will immediately recognize from their own research, including time-to-event outcomes, direct and indirect effects, positivity violations, case-control studies, censored data, longitudinal data, and genomic studies.
Download or read book The English Dative Alternation written by Marie-Louise Häfner and published by . This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Anglistik), language: English, abstract: Most speakers of English are unconsciously proficient in combining all kinds of information in order to form the grammatical structure they use for language production. In this essay I attempt to describe one of these complex structures linguistically, namely the nature of dative verbs. Understanding the syntactic patterns of the verb is a challenging task - not only for the acquisition of English as a second language, but for linguistic research just as much. We're occupied with transitive verbs that take more than one internal argument.There is a great number of alternations in English grammar which do not involve a change in the transitivity of the verb (Levin 1993), one of them being the Dative Alternation, which will be the topic of this essay. I will begin by introducing some general findings of research in this field whereupon a list of verbs will follow which presents groups of verbs that do or do not perform the alternation. At the core of my dissertation I will compare two different approaches on the subject, namely the works of Manfred Krifka and Rappaport Hovav & Levin. They represent two sites of the debate concerning the semantics of the dative alternation. Whilst the former defends the so-called polysemy view, the latter are enthusiastic for the single meaning approach. I will go into more detail in section 4. In the final analysis I'm going to introduce a brief study of the dative alternation in different variants of English, namely British, Australian and American English.
Download or read book The Teacher s Grammar of English with Answers written by Ron Cowan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-05-26 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Teacher's grammar of English enables English language teachers and teachers-in-training to fully understand and effectively teach English grammar. With comprehensive presentation of form, meaning, and usage, along with practical exercises and advice on teaaching difficult structures, it is both a complete grammar course and an essential reference text."--Back cover.
Download or read book The Dative Alternation in English as a Second Language written by Katja Jäschke and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition Morphosyntax and Semantics written by Tania Ionin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-11 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides innovative and comprehensive coverage of research on the second language acquisition (SLA) of morphosyntax, semantics, and the interface between the two. Organized by grammatical topic, the chapters are written by experts from formal and functional perspectives in the SLA of morphosyntax and semantics, providing in-depth yet accessible coverage of these areas. All chapters highlight the theoretical underpinnings of much work in SLA and their links to theoretical syntax and semantics; making comparisons to other populations, including child language acquirers, bilinguals, and heritage speakers (links to first language acquisition and bilingualism); dedicating a portion of each chapter to the research methods used to investigate the linguistic phenomenon in question (links to psycholinguistics and experimental linguistics); and, where relevant, including intervention studies on the phenomenon in question (links to applied linguistics). The volume will be indispensable to SLA researchers and students who work on any aspect of the SLA of morphosyntax or semantics. With its coverage of a variety of methodologies and comparisons to other populations (such as child language acquirers, early bilinguals, heritage speakers, and monolingual adults), the handbook is expected to also be of much interest to linguists who work in psycholinguistics, first language acquisition, and bilingualism.
Download or read book Gradient Acceptability and Linguistic Theory written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a challenging problem at the intersection of theoretical linguistics and the psychology of language: the interpretation of gradient judgments of sentence acceptability in relation to theories of grammatical knowledge. Acceptability judgments constitute the primary source of data on which such theories have been built, despite being susceptible to various extra-grammatical factors. Through a review of experimental and corpus-based research on a variety of syntactic phenomena and an in-depth examination of two case studies, Elaine J. Francis argues for two main positions. The first is that converging evidence from online comprehension tasks, elicited production tasks, and corpora of naturally-occurring discourse can help to determine the sources of variation in acceptability judgments and to narrow down the range of plausible theoretical interpretations. The second is that the interpretation of judgment data depends crucially on the theoretical commitments and assumptions made, especially with respect to the nature of the syntax-semantics interface and the choice of either a categorical or a gradient notion of grammaticality. The theoretical frameworks considered in this book include derivational theories (e.g. Minimalism, Principles and Parameters), constraint-based theories (e.g. Sign-based Construction Grammar, Simpler Syntax), competition-based theories (e.g. Stochastic Optimality Theory, Decathlon Model), and usage-based approaches. The volume shows that while acceptability judgment data are typically compatible with the assumptions of various theoretical frameworks, some gradient phenomena are best captured within frameworks that permit soft constraints-non-categorical grammatical constraints that encode the conventional preferences of language users.
Download or read book Relexification and Lexical Relativity in the Second Language Acquisition of the Dative Alternation written by Hunter Nicholas McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English ditransitive verbs show a complex alternation between the double object construction (DOC, (1)) and prepositional object datives (POD, (2)). This dissertation examines the acquisition, representation, and learnability of the dative alternation among L2 English learners, presenting experimental data from participants with L1 backgrounds of Mandarin Chinese (n = 14), Korean (n = 19), and Spanish (n = 21), as well as L1 English speakers (n = 41). While argument structure alternations have played an important role in L2 acquisition, this study differs from previous work in that it focuses on the abstract syntax of datives. The DOC exhibits an asymmetric structural pattern that has been a key point of discussion in syntactic research (e.g., Citko, Emonds, & Whitney, 2017). A-bar movement (wh-questions and relative clauses) of the goal argument is ungrammatical (3), while A-bar movement of the theme is acceptable (4). Conversely, A-movement of the theme argument is ungrammatical (5) with non-pronominal arguments, while A-movement of the goal (6) is grammatical. Citko, Emonds, and Whitney (2017) have argued that these structural contrasts are best explained through a syntactic derivation of the DOC from the POD that promotes the indirect object to a direct object position. This proposal, based on Emonds (1993), links English DOCs to Marantz's Generalization, a cross-linguistic pattern identified by Baker (1988) in which indirect objects surface productively as applied direct objects.This experiment tests whether L2 learners' grammatical intuitions show the syntactic hallmarks of Marantz's Generalization. Participants judged the acceptability of sentences formed with twelve verbs (give, send, tell, text, buy, make, return, push, say, yell, purchase, create) appearing in each of seven syntactic contexts, which included passives, questions, and relative clauses targeting both direct objects and indirect objects. Acceptability data was analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Notably, both L1 and L2 English speakers showed sensitivity to the ungrammaticality of A-movement of themes and A-bar movement of goals. These results point to a strikingly asymmetric pattern, in which verbs that form double objects productively surface with distinct syntax. Another interaction was identified between L2 English proficiency and rejection of sentences with non-DOC verbs, modeled at the individual participant level, incorporating Stringer's (2010) notion of Lexical Relativity. The syntactic regularity observed across L1 groups thus coexisted with another pattern of lexical variation. The results lend empirical support to syntactically derived accounts of the dative alternation. From an acquisitional perspective, the data are best situated within a theory of L2 acquisition that assumes both pervasive L1 influence at the level of individual lexical items, and adult access to universal grammatical constraints, as proposed in Sprouse's (2006) model of the initial state of L2 acquisition in terms of Relexification. Examples:(1) Mary gave the student a book.(3) *Which student did Mary give a book?(5) *The book was given a student.(2) Mary gave a book to the student.(4) What book did Mary give the student?(6) The student was given a book.
Download or read book Second Language Acquisition and the Younger Learner written by Jenefer Philp and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of work highlights the distinctiveness of child SLA through a collection of different types of empirical research specific to younger learners. Characteristics of children’s cognitive, emotional, and social development distinguish their experiences from those of adult L2 learners, creating intriguing issues for SLA research, and also raising important practical questions regarding effective pedagogical techniques for learners of different ages. While child SLA is often typically thought of as simple (and often enjoyable and universally effortless), in other words, as “child’s play”, the complex portraits of young second language learners which emerge in the 16 papers collected in this book invite the reader to reconsider the reality for many younger learners. Chapters by internationally renowned authors together with reports by emerging researchers describe second and foreign language learning by children ranging from pre-schoolers to young adolescents, in home and school contexts, with caregivers, peers, and teachers as interlocutors.
Download or read book The Acquisition of Differential Object Marking written by Alexandru Mardale and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differential Object marking (DOM), a linguistic phenomenon in which a direct object is morphologically marked for semantic and pragmatic reasons, has attracted the attention of several subfields of linguistics in the past few years. DOM has evolved diachronically in many languages, whereas it has disappeared from others; it is easily acquired by monolingual children, but presents high instability and variability in bilingual acquisition and language contact situations. This edited collection contributes to further our understanding of the nature and development of DOM in the languages of the world, in acquisition, and in language contact, variation, and change. The thirteen chapters in this volume present new empirical data from Estonian, Spanish, Turkish, Korean, Hindi, Romanian and Basque in different acquisition contexts and learner populations. They also bring together multiple theoretical and methodological perspectives to account for the complexity and dynamicity of this widespread linguistic phenomenon.
Download or read book Controversies in Applied Linguistics written by Barbara Seidlhofer and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are several issues in English teaching on which applied linguists take very different positions: e.g. linguistic imperialism, the validity of critical discourse analysis, the pedagogic relevance of corpus descriptions of language, the theoretical bases of second language acquisition research, the nature of applied linguistics itself. This book presents exchanges between scholars arguing different positions, and directs attention to the key points at issue.
Download or read book Second Language Acquisition written by Tania Ionin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-26 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on classic and cutting-edge research, this textbook shows how grammatical phenomena can best be taught to second language and bilingual learners. Bringing together second language research, linguistics, pedagogical grammar, and language teaching, it demonstrates how linguistic theory and second language acquisition findings optimize classroom intervention research. The book assumes a generative approach but covers intervention studies from a variety of theoretical perspectives. Each chapter describes relevant linguistic structures, discusses core challenges, summarizes research findings, and concludes with classroom and lab-based intervention studies. The authors provide tools to help to design linguistically informed intervention studies, including discussion questions, application questions, case studies, and sample interventions. Online resources feature lecture slides and intervention materials, with data analysis exercises, ensuring the content is clear and ready to use. Requiring no more than a basic course in linguistics, the material serves advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students studying applied linguistics, education, or language teaching.
Download or read book New Perspectives on Transfer in Second Language Learning written by Liming Yu and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2016 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When people attempt to learn a new language, the language(s) they already know can help but also hinder their understanding or production of new forms. This phenomenon, known as language transfer, is the focus of this book. The collection offers new theoretical perspectives, some in the empirical studies and some in other chapters, and consists of four sections considering lexical, syntactic, phonological and cognitive perspectives. The volume provides a wealth of studies on the influence of Chinese on the acquisition of English but also includes studies involving Finnish, French, Hindi, Korean, Persian, Spanish, Swedish and Tamil. It will be of great interest to researchers and students working in the areas of crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition, language pedagogy and psycholinguistics.
