Download or read book A Review of Blastozoan Echinoderm Respiratory Structures written by Sarah L. Sheffield and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Echinoderms have evolved diverse and disparate morphologies throughout the Phanerozoic. Among them, blastozoans, an extinct group of echinoderms that were an important component of Paleozoic marine ecosystems, are primarily subdivided into groups based on the morphology of respiratory structures. However, systematic and phylogenetic research from the past few decades have shown that respiratory structures in blastozoans are not group-defining and they have re-evolved throughout echinoderm evolution. This Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures. Areas of future research in these groups are also highlighted.
Download or read book A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology written by Colin D. Sumrall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-13 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.
Download or read book Respiratory Structure Morphology Group Origins and Phylogeny of Eublastoidea echinodermata written by Jennifer E. Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary relationships of Paleozoic echinoderms have fostered significant debate over the past century. Many early echinoderms have complexly plated bodies with a variety of morphologies, very unlike modern echinoderms (e.g., sea urchins, sea stars). A major clade, Blastozoa, has been subdivided based on the occurrence of specific respiratory structures but these groups have yet to be fully assessed in a quantitative framework. Phylogenetic inference provides a quantitative means to assess trait evolution, respiratory structure modification, or clade origination. Herein, we assess respiratory morphology, evolution, and group origination of Eublastoidea. The respiratory structures (hydrospires) of eublastoids have been used to separate major subgroups within Eublastoidea but have only been examined externally. Previously only assessed by 2D serial sections of specimens, my research provides 3D detailed anatomical models of these internal structures. Rendering in 3D allows for detailed morphological analysis and functional morphology simulations. Our findings suggest separation by the external expression of hydrospires results in a misleading understanding of evolutionary history. These insights into eublastoid respiratory structures shed light on an ongoing debate regarding the origins of blastoids. Origins of blastoids are unclear and a series of ancestors has been proposed. A single species of blastoid Macurdablastus uniplicatus, was recorded from the Late Ordovician with the next undisputed species in the middle Silurian. We reassessed anatomy and evolutionary relationships through detailed morphological examination, synchrotron imaging, and phylogenetic analyses. Results from our subsequent phylogenetic analyses suggest Macurdablastus is not a true blastoid (eublastoid) but is include in the broadly defined Blastoidea that includes coronoids, eublastoids, Lysocystites. The revival of the term Eublastoidea to include species with recumbent ambulacra and hydrospires provided the basis to explore the evolution of this long-lived clade. Following and expanding upon a proposed homology scheme for echinoderms, I produced a comprehensive character matrix for the external and internal morphology of eublastoids. The phylogeny was used to reassess eublastoid classification and as a framework to address the validity of group separation via the external expression of hydrospires. This work provides the first complete assessment of echinoderm respiratory structures and detailed reassessement of eublastoid morphology.
Download or read book Virtual Paleontology written by Jennifer E. Bauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imaging and visualizing fossils in three dimensions with tomography is a powerful approach in paleontology. Here, the authors introduce select destructive and non-destructive tomographic techniques that are routinely applied to fossils and review how this work has improved our understanding of the anatomy, function, taphonomy, and phylogeny of fossil echinoderms. Building on this, this Element discusses how new imaging and computational methods have great promise for addressing long-standing paleobiological questions. Future efforts to improve the accessibility of the data underlying this work will be key for realizing the potential of this virtual world of paleontology.
Download or read book The Ecology of Biotic Interactions in Echinoids written by Elizabeth Petsios and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element reviews the ecologies of skeletal trace-producing interactions on echinoids in Modern ecosystems and the recognition of those biogenic traces in the fossil record. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Echinoderm Nutrition written by Michel Jangoux and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1982-06-01 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to present the state of knowledge concerning nutrition and point out directions for future work for the Echinodermata, an ancient group which shows great diversity in form and function, and whose feeding activities can have great environmental impact.
Download or read book Crinoid Feeding Strategies New Insights From Subsea Video And Time Lapse written by David Meyer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-28 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern videography provides an ever-widening window into subsea echinoderm life with vast potential for new knowledge. Supported by video evidence throughout, this Element begins with time-lapse video made in 1983 on film, using an off-the-shelf camera, flash, and underwater housings. Although quality has now been significantly improved by digital imagery, films from over thirty years ago captured crinoid feeding behavior previously unknown and demonstrated a great potential to learn about many other aspects of their biology. This sequence is followed by several examples of recent digital videography from submersibles of deep-sea crinoids and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) (stalked and unstalked), as well as close-up video of crinoids in aquaria. These recent studies enabled a new classification of crinoid arm postures, provided detailed views of food particle capture, and revealed a wide range of behaviors in taxa never before seen in life.
Download or read book Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6 written by Andreas Wanninger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-author, six-volume work summarizes our current knowledge on the developmental biology of all major invertebrate animal phyla. The main aspects of cleavage, embryogenesis, organogenesis and gene expression are discussed in an evolutionary framework. Each chapter presents an in-depth yet concise overview of both classical and recent literature, supplemented by numerous color illustrations and micrographs of a given animal group. The largely taxon-based chapters are supplemented by essays on topical aspects relevant to modern-day EvoDevo research such as regeneration, embryos in the fossil record, homology in the age of genomics and the role of EvoDevo in the context of reconstructing evolutionary and phylogenetic scenarios. A list of open questions at the end of each chapter may serve as a source of inspiration for the next generation of EvoDevo scientists. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates is a must-have for any scientist, teacher or student interested in developmental and evolutionary biology as well as in general invertebrate zoology. This chapter is dedicated to the Deuterostomia, comprising the Echinodermata and Hemichordata (usually grouped together as the Ambulacraria) as well as the Cephalochordata and the Tunicata.
Download or read book Echinoderms Through Time written by Bruno David and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Echinoderms are now considered as a biological and geological model that underlies researches of primary importance. The extent of the contributions made by the International Echinoderm Conferences to various fields of research is attested by the scope covered by presentation at the international conferences. These proceedings contain the complete papers or abstracts of all the presentations and posters presented at the eighth International Echinoderm Conference, held in Dijon, France in September, 1994. Coverage includes: general; extinct classes; crinoids; asteroids; ophiuroids; holothuroids; and echinoids.
Download or read book Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology written by April Wright and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroevolutionary inference has historically been treated as a two-step process, involving the inference of a tree, and then inference of a macroevolutionary model using that tree. Newer models blend the two steps. These methods make more complete use of fossils than the previous generation of Bayesian phylogenetic models. They also involve many more parameters than prior models, including parameters about which empiricists may have little intuition. In this paper, we set forth a framework for fitting complex, hierarchical models. The authors ultimately fit and use a joint tree and diversification model to estimate a dated phylogeny of the Cincta (Echinodermata), a morphologically distinct group of Cambrian echinoderms that lack the five-fold radial symmetry characteristic of extant members of the phylum. Although the phylogeny of cinctans remains poorly supported in places, this Element shows how models of character change and diversification contribute to understanding patterns of phylogenetic relatedness and testing macroevolutionary hypotheses.
Download or read book Echinoderm Morphological Disparity Methods Patterns and Possibilities written by Bradley Deline and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quantification of morphology through time is a vital tool in elucidating macroevolutionary patterns. Studies of disparity require intense effort but can provide insights beyond those gained using other methodologies. Over the last several decades, studies of disparity have proliferated, often using echinoderms as a model organism. Echinoderms have been used to study the methodology of disparity analyses and potential biases as well as documenting the morphological patterns observed in clades through time. Combining morphological studies with phylogenetic analyses or other disparate data sets allows for the testing of detailed and far-reaching evolutionary hypotheses.
Download or read book Fossils Phylogeny and Form written by Jonathan M. Adrain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phylogenetic analysis and morphometrics have been developed by biologists into rigorous analytic tools for testing hypotheses about the relationships between groups of species. This book applies these tools to paleontological data. The fossil record is our one true chronicle of the history of life, preserving a set of macroevolutionary patterns; thus various hypotheses about evolutionary processes can be tested in the fossil record using phylogentic analysis and morphometrics. The first book of its type, Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form will be useful in evolutionary biology, paleontology, systematics, evolutionary development, theoretical biology, biogeography, and zoology. It will also provide a practical, researcher-friendly gateway into computer-based phylogenetics and morphometrics.
Download or read book Matrix Analysis of Structures SI Version written by Aslam Kassimali and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2012-08-08 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a fresh, student-oriented approach to teaching the material covered in the senior- and first-year graduate-level matrix structural analysis course. Unlike traditional texts for this course that are difficult to read, Kassimali takes special care to provide understandable and exceptionally clear explanations of concepts, step-by-step procedures for analysis, flowcharts, and interesting and modern examples, producing a technically and mathematically accurate presentation of the subject. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.
Download or read book Fossil Crinoids written by Hans Hess and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crinoids have graced the oceans for more than 500 million years. Among the most attractive fossils, crinoids had a key role in the ecology of marine communities through much of the fossil record, and their remains are prominent rock forming constituents of many limestones. This is the first comprehensive volume to bring together their form and function, classification, evolutionary history, occurrence, preservation and ecology. The main part of the book is devoted to assemblages of intact fossil crinoids, which are described in their geological setting in twenty-three chapters ranging from the Ordovician to the Tertiary. The final chapter deals with living sea lilies and feather stars. The volume is exquisitely illustrated with abundant photographs and line drawings of crinoids from sites around the world. This authoritative account recreates a fascinating picture of fossil crinoids for paleontologists, geologists, evolutionary and marine biologists, ecologists and amateur fossil collectors.
Download or read book Evolution and Classification of Paleozoic Crinoids written by Raymond Cecil Moore and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1943 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ordovician of the World written by Diego García-Bellido Capdevila and published by IGME. This book was released on 2011 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Guide to Common Echinoderms of Andaman and Nicobar Islands written by C. Raghunathan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
