Download or read book Year round Water Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Simulation Model for Lakes with Winter Ice Cover written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Simulation of Lake Thermal Structure Ice Cover and Fish Habitat in Response to Changing Climate written by Madeline Rosalie Magee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical, chemical, and biological properties in lakes are all sensitive to changes in climate, but the interaction and response of these properties to climate changes is not yet fully understood. This dissertation has two main objectives: (1) characterize the role of lake depth and lake surface area on the physical response of water temperature and ice cover to air temperature (AT) and wind speed (WS) changes and (2) determine the response fish habitat to climate-caused changes in the physical parameter of temperature chemical parameter of dissolved oxygen. To fulfill these objectives, a one-dimensional lake hydrodynamic, ice, and water quality model is utilized on three lakes near Madison, WI. Chapter 2 investigates the response of lake water temperatures and stratification to AT increases and WS decreases for three Madison area lakes. Results indicate that surface area is more important than depth when determining the response of water temperature, stratification, and stability and increasing AT and decreasing WS have a cumulative effect for all variables except hypolimnion temperature, where they have opposing influences. Chapter 3 investigates the response of ice cover duration and ice thickness to AT increases for the same three lakes, and results show that lake depth is the greater influence on ice cover response, with shallow lakes being more resilient to changes in AT. Chapter 4 investigates the role of meteorological drivers and water quality drivers on oxythermal habitat of cisco. Results show that summer AT, spring phosphorus load, and spring inflow volume drive habitat loss, but effects of AT increases can be offset by decreases in phosphorus loading. Finally, Chapter 5 develops a novel metric, cumulative oxythermal stress dosage (COSD), to quantify oxythermal habitat of yellow perch in Fish Lake, WI. Results show that COSD is a good predictor of fish declines, COSD values are closely tied to the July -- September AT, and perturbation scenarios identify 3°C AT increase as a possible threshold for yellow perch extirpation.

Download or read book Modeling Ice Cover and Water Temperature of Lake Mendota written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this work is to build lake physical templates, i.e., ice cover, thermal structure, and transport processes through modeling approaches. Knowledge of lake physics can be further used for ecosystem and climate change studies. Specifically, the following two science questions are addressed using the lake physical template developed in this study: (1) How do lake temperate and ice cover vary in response to long-term (~ 100 years) changing climate, and what are physical drivers. (2) At a short-term scale (~ less than 1 year), what is the spatial and temporal variation when lake experiencing natural (e.g. meteorological inputs) and/or manmade (e.g. effluent discharge) disturbances. Both one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) lake hydrodynamic-ice models were developed to have continuous simulations over the course of the year. The study lake of this thesis, on which all the field experiments and model simulations are focused, is Lake Mendota, located in Madison, Wisconsin, USA (43o40'N, 89o24'W). In summary, Chapter 2 presents validation and application of a 1-D hydrodynamic-ice model in simulating a continuous 100-year period (1911-2010) of ice cover and water temperature. Influences of three important drivers (air temperature, wind speed, and water clarity) on ice cover and thermal structure during the past century was investigated. Also, with the knowledge of lake responses to the past climatic conditions, some suggestions about how the lake might respond to changes in these three important drivers associated with future climate changes were presented. In Chapter 3, the 1D-version ice module was extended to a 3D framework and coupled with an existing three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model. The coupled 3D hydrodynamic-ice model was applied to simulate the temporal and spatial variations of ice cover. Besides, some features of under-ice hydrodynamics were discussed. In Chapter 4, modeling transport of buoyant effluent plume during the summer stratified season was presented. In closing, conclusions and some recommendations for future study are summarized in Chapter 5.

Download or read book Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment written by John S. Gulliver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens when a chemical is released into the environment? It diffuses, disperses, adsorbs, reacts, and/or changes state. To predict and analyze this process, the mathematics of diffusion is applied to lakes, rivers, groundwater, the atmosphere, the oceans, and transport between these media. A sustainable world requires a deep understanding of the transport of chemicals through the environment and how to address and harness this process. This volume presents a succinct and in-depth introduction to this critical topic. Featuring authoritative, peer-reviewed articles from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment represents an essential one-stop reference for an audience of researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, and industry professionals.

Download or read book The Use of Lake Water Temperature and Ice Cover as Climatic Indicators written by Dale Martin Robertson and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Temperature Structure of a Mid latitude Dimictic Lake During Freezing Ice Cover and Thawing written by W. H. Parrott and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temperature structure of Post Pond, a small (46.6 hectares), mid-latitude, dimictic lake in west-central New Hampshire, was studied during autumn, winter and spring of 1968-1969. The lake was instrumented over its maximum depth (11.7 m) with a string of 24 thermocouples which recorded hourly temperatures. Temperatures in 9 m of sediments underlying the lake were measured with a thermistor probe. Secondary and tertiary thermocline development in the epilimnion occurred during short warming periods in the early autumn. The autumn overturn lasted 25 days, whereas the spring overturn lasted only 4 days. The entire lake mixed isothermally in the autumn to 3.2C. During the period of ice cover, the lower 5 m of water gained approximately 51.5 cal/sq cm, which was supplied by stored heat in the bottom sediments. A steady-state thermal gradient of 0.07C/m was found for the deeper sediments underlying the lake during ice cover. Late winter cooling of bottom water under the ice cover may be the result of snowmelt in areas adjacent to the lake causing activation of groundwater influx. Melting of the clear ice portion of the ice cover was primarily the result of heat supplied to the lake from snowmelt water, and occurred on the underside of the ice sheet. Thermal instability of the water mass persisted for 9 days during peak snowmelt runoff; this can be partially explained by an increase in dissolved solids with depth. (Author).

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs written by Lars Bengtsson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lakes and reservoirs hold about 90% of the world's surface fresh water, but overuse, water withdrawal and pollution of these bodies puts some one billion people at risk. The Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs reviews the physical, chemical and ecological characteristics of lakes and reservoirs, and describes their uses and environmental state trends in different parts of the world. Superbly illustrated throughout, it includes some 200 entries in a range of topics, including acidification, artificialisation, canals, climate change effects, dams, dew ponds, drainage, eutrofication, evaporation, fisheries, hydro-electric power, nutrients, organic pollution, paleolimnology, reservoir capacities and depths, sedimentation, water resources and more.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Issues in Global Environment Freshwater and Marine Environments 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments. The editors have built Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Global Environment: Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Modeling Hydrodynamics Water Temperature and Water Quality in the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam Oregon 2006 09 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A hydrodynamic, water temperature, and water-quality model was constructed for a 20-mile reach of the Klamath River downstream of Upper Klamath Lake, from Link River to Keno Dam, for calendar years 2006-09. The two-dimensional, laterally averaged model CE-QUAL-W2 was used to simulate water velocity, ice cover, water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved and suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, dissolved and particulate organic matter, and three algal groups. The Link-Keno model successfully simulated the most important spatial and temporal patterns in the measured data for this 4-year time period. The model calibration process provided critical insights into water-quality processes and the nature of those inputs and processes that drive water quality in this reach. The model was used not only to reproduce and better understand water-quality conditions that occurred in 2006-09, but also to test several load-reduction scenarios that have implications for future water-resources management in the river basin. The model construction and calibration process provided results concerning water quality and transport in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River, ranging from interesting circulation patterns in the Lake Ewauna area to the nature and importance of organic matter and algae. These insights and results include: Modeled segment-average water velocities ranged from near 0.0 to 3.0 ft/s in 2006 through 2009. Travel time through the model reach was about 4 days at 2,000 ft3/s and 12 days at 700 ft3/s flow. Flow direction was aligned with the upstream-downstream channel axis for most of the Link-Keno reach, except for Lake Ewauna. Wind effects were pronounced at Lake Ewauna during low-flow conditions, often with circulation in the form of a gyre that rotated in a clockwise direction when winds were towards the southeast and in a counterclockwise direction when winds were towards the northwest. Water temperatures ranged from near freezing in winter to near 30 °C at some locations and periods in summer; seasonal water temperature patterns were similar at the inflow and outflow. Although vertical temperature stratification was not present at most times and locations, weak stratification could persist for periods up to 1-2 weeks, especially in the downstream parts of the reach. Thermal stratification was important in controlling vertical variations in water quality. The specific conductance, and thus density, of tributaries within the reach usually was higher than that of the river itself, so that inflows tended to sink below the river surface. This was especially notable for inflows from the Klamath Straits Drain, which tended to sink to the bottom of the Klamath River at its confluence and not mix vertically for several miles downstream. The model was able to capture most of the seasonal changes in the algal population by modeling that population with three algal groups: blue-green algae, diatoms, and other algae. The blooms of blue-green algae, consisting mostly of Aphanizomenon flos aquae that entered from Upper Klamath Lake, were dominant, dwarfing the populations of the other two algae groups in summer. A large part of the blue-green algae population that entered this reach from upstream tended to settle out, die, and decompose, especially in the upper part of the Link-Keno reach. Diatoms reached a maximum in spring and other algae in midsummer. Organic matter, occurring in both dissolved and particulate forms, was critical to the water quality of this reach of the Klamath River, and was strongly tied to nutrient and dissolved-oxygen dynamics. Dissolved and particulate organic matter were subdivided into labile (quickly decaying) and refractory (slowing decaying) groups for modeling purposes. The particulate matter in summer, consisting largely of dead blue-green algae, decayed quickly. Consequently, this particulate matter exerted a high oxygen demand over short periods and contributed strongly to low dissolved-oxygen conditions present during summer and fall. Particulate matter in winter and dissolved organic matter throughout the year was largely refractory (slow to decay). The slower decay rate of this refractory material translates to less oxygen demand over short periods, but also will manifest itself as higher oxygen demand downstream of Keno Dam. The decay and settling of algae and particulate organic matter in the upper part of the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River has important implications for nutrients. Decay releases nitrogen and phosphorus from particulate forms into dissolved forms such as ammonia, which had elevated concentrations in the downstream part of this reach in summer. Dissolved nutrients showed consistent seasonal patterns that were simulated well by the model. Ammonia concentrations were highest in midsummer and winter and lowest in spring. Nitrate concentrations were highest in winter and lowest in summer. Orthophosphorus concentrations were at their maximum in midsummer and lowest in winter. Comparing modeled hourly nutrient loads at the Link River inflow and the Keno Dam outflow, the Link-Keno reach and its tributaries were a source of total nitrogen and total phosphorus to downstream reaches in early spring and a sink in summer. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were near saturation in winter, but periods of supersaturation could occur in spring and early summer as oxygen was produced by algal photosynthesis. In mid- to late summer, oxygen sources were overwhelmed by oxygen sinks, especially the decay of organic matter in the water column and river bottom. Extensive anoxia occurred during this period. The sediment oxygen demand was dynamic and represented a relatively fast decomposition of materials deposited during that same year. The labile material was eventually exhausted and reaeration from the atmosphere allowed the system to slowly return towards oxygen saturation in fall. The model simulated the general temporal and spatial patterns in dissolved oxygen, although the inclusion of macrophytes and additional information on reaeration processes, organic matter, and algal dynamics could improve the simulation of dissolved oxygen. Calendar years 2007 and 2008 had more extensive datasets than 2006 and 2009. The models built with less extensive input data were still able to reproduce the patterns in the measured data reasonably well. These findings underline the importance of using results from the 2007 and 2008 detailed field data and experimental work to determine robust model rates, stoichiometry relations, and other parameters that can be applied successfully to years with less data and with different conditions. The 2006-09 models were applied to examine the effects of several reduced-loading scenarios consistent with total maximum daily load (TMDL) targets. The water quality of the Link River inflow was modified in one scenario so that it met the in-lake phosphorus targets of the Upper Klamath Lake TMDL. Point and nonpoint sources along the Klamath River were set to be in compliance with their Klamath River TMDL allocations in another scenario. Results from those scenarios indicated that dissolved-oxygen conditions improved the most when Link River loads were reduced; depending on year, average June through October dissolved-oxygen concentrations increased between 1.9 and 3.2 mg/L. Similarly, ammonia concentrations improved the most under this scenario, with an average June through October concentration decrease between 0.20 and 0.34 mg/L. Orthophosphorus concentrations were decreased significantly in both scenarios that reduced concentrations from Link River and scenarios that reduced concentrations from in-reach point and nonpoint sources, with June through October concentration decreases between 0.02 and 0.06 mg/L. The calibrated models are useful tools that reproduce the most important water-quality processes occurring in the Link-Keno reach of the Klamath River. These models are accurate enough to provide insights into the nature of those processes and the probable effects of proposed management and water-quality improvement strategies."--Executive summary.

Download or read book Temperature Relationships of Great Lakes Fishes written by Donald A. Wismer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climate Change 2001 Mitigation written by Bert Metz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-12 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some issues addressed in this Working Group III volume are mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, managing biological carbon reservoirs, geo-engineering, costing methods, and decision-making frameworks.

Download or read book The Effects of Artificial Mixing on Lake Water Quality written by Stephen Andrew McCord and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Simulation of Surface Water Temperature and Ice Extent in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie Using a Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Model DYRESM written by R. C. McCrimmon and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States May 10 12 1999 written by D. Briane Adams and published by American Water Resources Association. This book was released on 1999 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book River and Lake Ice Processes Impacts of Freshwater Ice on Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Globe written by Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-01-11 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "River and Lake Ice Processes—Impacts of Freshwater Ice on Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Globe" that was published in Water

Download or read book Thermal Simulation of Lakes with Winter Ice Cover written by J. C. Patterson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: