Download or read book Windows Server Administration Fundamentals written by Crystal Panek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did you know, 91% of hiring managers consider certification as part of their hiring requirements? IT Professionals who are new to the industry need a strong foundational understanding of the fundamentals before moving on towards more challenging technology certifications. This book covers everything you need to know about understanding how to manage windows servers and storage along with monitoring and troubleshooting servers as well. Written to the Windows Server Administration Fundamentals MTA Certification, it is a recommended entry point into IT certification. This book covers the basics of Windows Server Administration. Each chapter closes with a quiz to make sure you can practice exam questions and test your knowledge begore moving to the next section. We start by discussing what a server is and does by providing an in-depth overview including installation of Windows Server 2016. There are sections dedicated to the following: Preforming configurations and managing your Windows Server, by configuring your IP address settings and managing devices and device drivers. Managing your storage, by identifying storage technologies, understanding disk structure, and using disk management tools. Monitoring and troubleshooting servers, by managing information technology, and understanding performance, backups and preforming server repair. Overview of popular Windows network services and applications, like understanding remote access, server virtualization, and introducing remote administration. IT Professionals looking to understand more about Windows Server Administration will gain he knowledge to effectively install and manage a Windows Server including basic troubleshooting. Thanks to some troubleshooting tools and tops it will be easier to apply the skills in real world situations and feel confident when taking the certification.

Download or read book Microsoft Windows Server Administration Essentials written by Tom Carpenter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core concepts and technologies you need to administer a Windows Server OS Administering a Windows operating system (OS) can be a difficult topic to grasp, particularly if you are new to the field of IT. This full-color resource serves as an approachable introduction to understanding how to install a server, the various roles of a server, and how server performance and maintenance impacts a network. With a special focus placed on the new Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA) certificate, the straightforward, easy-to-understand tone is ideal for anyone new to computer administration looking to enter the IT field. Each chapter offers a clear and concise look at the core Windows administration concepts you need to know to gain an understanding of these difficult topics. Offers a clear, no-nonsense approach to administering a Windows operating system and presents it in such a way that IT beginners will confidently comprehend the subject matter Targets the MTA 98-365 exam by covering Windows Server installation, server roles, storage, and active directory infrastructure Provides you with a solid foundation of various networking topics so that you can gain a strong understanding of Windows Server administration concepts Includes review questions and suggested labs to further enhance your learning process With this book by your side, you will be armed with the core concepts and technologies needed to administer a Windows Server operating system.

Download or read book Windows Server 2016 Administration Fundamentals written by Bekim Dauti and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manage and administer your environment with ease About This Book Get your hands on learning the fundamentals to managing and administering Windows Server 2016. A step-by-step guide that will help you develop necessary skills and knowledge to manage an enterprise environment. Learn to implement strong networking and security practices into your Windows Server environment. Who This Book Is For If you are a System administrator or an IT professional interested in configuring and deploying Windows Server 2016 then, this book is for you. This book will also help readers clear the MTA: Windows Server Administration Fundamentals: 98-365 exam. What You Will Learn Become familiar with Windows Server OS concepts Learn how to install Windows Server 2016 Learn how to install device drivers and run services in Windows Server 2016 Learn how to add and install roles in Windows Server 2016 Learn how to apply GPO to your Windows Server 2016 environment Learn how to tune, maintain, update, and troubleshoot Windows Server 2016 Prepare for the MTA 98-365 exam In Detail Windows Server 2016 is the server operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows 10. This book is designed to get you started with Windows Server 2016. It will prepare you for your MTA 98-365 exam. With step-by-step instructions driven by targeted, easy-to-understand graphics, you will be able to understand the roles, features, functions, and quirks of Windows Server 2016. The book begins with the basics of Windows Server 2016, which includes the installation process and basic configuration. You will then move on to roles and features such as Active Directory, Hyper-V, Remote Access, Storage, and Printer. With the help of real-world examples, you will get to grips with the fundamentals of Windows Server 2016, which will help you solve difficult tasks the easy way. Later, the book also shows you maintenance and troubleshooting tasks, where with the help of best practices you will be able to manage Windows Server 2016 with ease. Each chapter ends with a questionnaire to ensure you make the best use of the content provided. By the end of this book, you will have the knowledge required to administer and manage Windows Server environments. Style and approach With step-by-step instructions driven by targeted, easy-to-understand graphics, this book explains and shows you how to use the roles and features, functions, and quirks of the Windows Server 2016. The chapters are presented in a step by step format accompanied by graphics wherever applicable.

Download or read book Windows Server 2019 Administration Fundamentals written by Bekim Dauti and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deploy, set up, and deliver network services with Windows Server 2019, and prepare for the MTA 98-365 exam Key FeaturesGet started with server installation, performance monitoring, and server maintenanceDevelop the skills necessary to manage an enterprise environmentImplement networking and security best practices in your Windows Server environmentBook Description Windows Server 2019 is the server operating system introduced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with Windows 10. This book will not only get you started with Windows Server 2019, but will also help you prepare for the MTA 98-365 exam. With step-by-step instructions and easy-to-understand graphics, you will become well-versed with the roles, features, and functions of Windows Server 2019. Starting with the installation process, upgrades, and basic configuration, you will move on to explore roles and features such as Active Directory, Hyper-V, remote access, storage, and printers. The book then takes you through maintenance and troubleshooting tasks to guide you in efficiently managing Windows Server 2019. In addition, it covers Windows Server 2019 best practices using real-world examples. Complete with questionnaires, and detailed answers at the end of the book, you can test your understanding of the concepts covered in each chapter. By the end of this book, you will be equipped with the knowledge you need to troubleshoot, update, and maintain servers so as to ensure business continuity. What you will learnGrasp the fundamentals of Windows Server 2019Understand how to deploy Windows Server 2019Discover Windows Server post-installation tasksAdd roles to your Windows Server environmentApply Windows Server 2019 GPOs to your networkDelve into virtualization and Hyper-V conceptsExplore ways to tune, maintain, update, and troubleshoot Windows Server 2019Study relevant concepts in preparation for the MTA 98-365 examWho this book is for If you are a system administrator or an IT professional who wants to deploy and configure Windows Server 2019, this book is for you. You can also use this as a reference guide for the MTA: Windows Server Administration Fundamentals: 98-365 exam.

Download or read book 98 365 Windows Server Administration Fundamentals B N Renting e Bk written by Microsoft Official Academic Course and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students who are beginning studies in technology need a strong foundation in the basics before moving on to more advanced technology courses and certification programs. The Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA) is a new and innovative certification track designed to provide a pathway for future success in technology courses and careers. The MTA program curriculum helps instructors teach and validate fundamental technology concepts and provides students with a foundation for their careers as well as the confidence they need to succeed in advanced studies. Through the use of MOAC MTA titles you can help ensure your students future success in and out of the classroom. Server fundamentals such as managing Windows Servers (including virtualization) and storage, along with monitoring and troubleshooting servers are included. It also covers such topics as essential naming, directory, and print services. Students also learn of popular Windows Network Services and Applications.

Download or read book Microsoft Windows Operating System Essentials written by Tom Carpenter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-14 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A full-color guide to key Windows 7 administration concepts and topics Windows 7 is the leading desktop software, yet it can be a difficult concept to grasp, especially for those new to the field of IT. Microsoft Windows Operating System Essentials is an ideal resource for anyone new to computer administration and looking for a career in computers. Delving into areas such as fundamental Windows 7 administration concepts and various desktop OS topics, this full-color book addresses the skills necessary for individuals looking to break into a career in IT. Each chapter begins with a list of topic areas to be discussed, followed by a clear and concise discussion of the core Windows 7 administration concepts and skills necessary so you can gain a strong understanding of the chapter topic areas. The chapters conclude with review questions and suggested labs, so you can gauge your understanding of the chapter's contents. Offers in-depth coverage of operating system configurations Explains how to install and upgrade client systems Addresses managing applications and devices Helps you understand operating system maintenance Covers the topics you need to know for the MTA 98-349 exam The full-color Microsoft Windows 7 Essentials proves itself to be an invaluable resource on Windows 7 and features additional learning tutorials and tools.

Download or read book Windows Operating System Fundamentals written by Crystal Panek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear and concise resource, the ideal guide to Windows for IT beginners Windows Operating System Fundamentals covers everything you need to know about Windows 10. Learn to master the installation process and discover the cool new features of Windows 10, including Edge, Cortana, and more. And because this book follows the Windows Server Operating System Fundamentals MTA Certification, it is perfect for IT professionals who are new to the industry and need an entry point into IT certification. This book covers the basics of the Windows operating system, from setting up user accounts to using the start menu, running applications, and setting up internet access. You’ll be prepared to upgrade a computer to Windows 10 and to master the basic tools necessary to work effectively within the OS. Each chapter closes with a quiz so you can test your knowledge before moving to the next section. Learn to configure your Windows 10 operating system, optimize account controls, configure user profiles, customize system options, and more! Understand how to use Windows applications and tools for managing LAN settings, configuring Microsoft Edge, and setting up remote assistance Use Windows to manage devices like printers, cloud storage, OneDrive, and system devices Maintain, update, protect, and backup your data by configuring Windows Update, automated backup, and system recovery and restore With Windows Operating System Fundamentals, IT Professionals looking to understand more about Windows 10 will gain the knowledge to effectively use applications, navigate files and folders, and upgrade client systems. Thanks to the troubleshooting tools and tips in this book, you can apply your new skills in real-world situations and feel confident while taking the certification exam.

Download or read book Mastering Windows Server 2019 written by Jordan Krause and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition of the bestselling guide to Mastering Windows Server, updated to Windows Server 2022 with improved security, better platform flexibility, new windows admin center, upgraded Hyper-V manager and hybrid cloud support Key Features Develop necessary skills to design and implement Microsoft Server 2019 in enterprise environment Provide support to your medium to large enterprise and leverage your experience in administering Microsoft Server 2019 Effectively administering Windows server 2019 with the help of practical examples Book DescriptionMastering Windows Server 2019 – Second Edition covers all of the essential information needed to implement and utilize this latest-and-greatest platform as the core of your data center computing needs. You will begin by installing and managing Windows Server 2019, and by clearing up common points of confusion surrounding the versions and licensing of this new product. Centralized management, monitoring, and configuration of servers is key to an efficient IT department, and you will discover multiple methods for quickly managing all of your servers from a single pane of glass. To this end, you will spend time inside Server Manager, PowerShell, and even the new Windows Admin Center, formerly known as Project Honolulu. Even though this book is focused on Windows Server 2019 LTSC, we will still discuss containers and Nano Server, which are more commonly related to the SAC channel of the server platform, for a well-rounded exposition of all aspects of using Windows Server in your environment. We also discuss the various remote access technologies available in this operating system, as well as guidelines for virtualizing your data center with Hyper-V. By the end of this book, you will have all the ammunition required to start planning for, implementing, and managing Windows.What you will learn Work with the updated Windows Server 2019 interface, including Server Core and Windows Admin Center Secure your network and data with new technologies in Windows Server 2019 Learn about containers and understand the appropriate situations to use Nano Server Discover new ways to integrate your data center with Microsoft Azure Harden your Windows Servers to help keep the bad guys out Virtualize your data center with Hyper-V Who this book is for If you are a System Administrator or an IT professional interested in designing and deploying Windows Server 2019 then this book is for you. Previous experience of Windows Server operating systems and familiarity with networking concepts is required.

Download or read book Windows Server 2022 PowerShell All in One For Dummies written by Sara Perrott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the essentials for administering Windows Server 2022 in one book Looking for a little help installing, configuring, securing, or running a network running Windows Server 2022? Windows Server 2022 & PowerShell All-in-One For Dummies delivers a thorough guide to network administration in a single, convenient book. Whether you need to start from scratch and install a new server or want to jump right into a more advanced topic like managing security or working in Windows PowerShell you'll find what you need right here. In this 8-books-in-1 compilation, you'll: Learn what you need to install and set up a brand-new Windows server installation Configure your Windows Server and customize its settings based on your needs and preferences Discover how to install, configure, and work with Containers The perfect book for server and system admins looking for a quick reference on Windows Server operation, this book is also a great resource for networking newcomers learning their way around the server software they'll encounter daily.

Download or read book The Ultimate Windows Server 2003 System Administrator s Guide written by G. Robert Williams and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -- Not only explains the new features of Windows .NET Server 2003, but also provides continued support for Windows 2000 administration.-- Covers changes in security, Active Directory, Microsoft Management Console, and integration with the .NET Framework, among many others changes.Windows .NET Server 2003 is the first Microsoft product that is innately affected by the company's recent Trustworthy Computing initiative. If this is successful, this will be the most stable, reliable, and dependable server OS that Microsoft has ever released. It will also feature an integrated environment with the .NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime. The Ultimate Windows .NET Server 2003 System Administrator's Guide is an essential resource for planning, deploying, and administering a Windows .NET enterprise system. The authors draw on years of experience designing and administering Windows NT and UNIX systems in order to guide you through the varied tasks involved in real-world system administration. There are detailed discussions of key Windows .NET Server administrative functions, and descriptions of many advanced tools and optional components. In addition the authors have included a comprehensive and convenient command reference.

Download or read book Microsoft Azure Essentials Fundamentals of Azure written by Michael Collier and published by Microsoft Press. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microsoft Azure Essentials from Microsoft Press is a series of free ebooks designed to help you advance your technical skills with Microsoft Azure. The first ebook in the series, Microsoft Azure Essentials: Fundamentals of Azure, introduces developers and IT professionals to the wide range of capabilities in Azure. The authors - both Microsoft MVPs in Azure - present both conceptual and how-to content for key areas, including: Azure Websites and Azure Cloud Services Azure Virtual Machines Azure Storage Azure Virtual Networks Databases Azure Active Directory Management tools Business scenarios Watch Microsoft Press’s blog and Twitter (@MicrosoftPress) to learn about other free ebooks in the “Microsoft Azure Essentials” series.

Download or read book Windows Server 2003 Pocket Administrator written by Nelson Ruest and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2003-10-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering busy network administrators clear and concise information for daily on-the-job tasks, this handbook comes in a handy, portable format.

Download or read book SQL Server 2017 Administration Inside Out written by William Assaf and published by Microsoft Press. This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 1125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conquer SQL Server 2017 administration—from the inside out Dive into SQL Server 2017 administration—and really put your SQL Server DBA expertise to work. This supremely organized reference packs hundreds of timesaving solutions, tips, and workarounds—all you need to plan, implement, manage, and secure SQL Server 2017 in any production environment: on-premises, cloud, or hybrid. Four SQL Server experts offer a complete tour of DBA capabilities available in SQL Server 2017 Database Engine, SQL Server Data Tools, SQL Server Management Studio, and via PowerShell. Discover how experts tackle today’s essential tasks—and challenge yourself to new levels of mastery. • Install, customize, and use SQL Server 2017’s key administration and development tools • Manage memory, storage, clustering, virtualization, and other components • Architect and implement database infrastructure, including IaaS, Azure SQL, and hybrid cloud configurations • Provision SQL Server and Azure SQL databases • Secure SQL Server via encryption, row-level security, and data masking • Safeguard Azure SQL databases using platform threat protection, firewalling, and auditing • Establish SQL Server IaaS network security groups and user-defined routes • Administer SQL Server user security and permissions • Efficiently design tables using keys, data types, columns, partitioning, and views • Utilize BLOBs and external, temporal, and memory-optimized tables • Master powerful optimization techniques involving concurrency, indexing, parallelism, and execution plans • Plan, deploy, and perform disaster recovery in traditional, cloud, and hybrid environments For Experienced SQL Server Administrators and Other Database Professionals • Your role: Intermediate-to-advanced level SQL Server database administrator, architect, developer, or performance tuning expert • Prerequisites: Basic understanding of database administration procedures

Download or read book Microsoft Windows Networking Essentials written by Darril Gibson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-02 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core concepts and technologies of Windows networking Networking can be a complex topic, especially for those new to the field of IT. This focused, full-color book takes a unique approach to teaching Windows networking to beginners by stripping down a network to its bare basics, thereby making each topic clear and easy to understand. Focusing on the new Microsoft Technology Associate (MTA) program, this book pares down to just the essentials, showing beginners how to gain a solid foundation for understanding networking concepts upon which more advanced topics and technologies can be built. This straightforward guide begins each chapter by laying out a list of topics to be discussed, followed by a concise discussion of the core networking skills you need to have to gain a strong handle on the subject matter. Chapters conclude with review questions and suggested labs so you can measure your level of understanding of the chapter's content. Serves as an ideal resource for gaining a solid understanding of fundamental networking concepts and skills Offers a straightforward and direct approach to networking basics and covers network management tools, TCP/IP, the name resolution process, and network protocols and topologies Reviews all the topics you need to know for taking the MTA 98-366 exam Provides an overview of networking components, discusses connecting computers to a network, and looks at connecting networks with routers If you're new to IT and interested in entering the IT workforce, then Microsoft Windows Networking Essentials is essential reading.

Download or read book Mastering Windows Server 2019 written by Jordan Krause and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhance and secure your datacenter with Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Key Features Updated with four new chapters on Active Directory, DNS and DHCP, group policy, and troubleshooting Design and implement Microsoft Server 2019 in an enterprise environment Learn how to use Windows Server to create secure and efficient networks Book Description Written by a nine-time Microsoft MVP award winner with over twenty years of experience working in IT, Mastering Windows Server 2019 is a hands-on guide for anyone looking to keep their skills up to date. This third edition comes with four new chapters to provide you with the in-depth knowledge needed to implement and use this operating system in any environment. Centralized management, monitoring, and configuration of servers are key to an efficient IT department. This book delves into multiple methods for quickly managing all your servers from a single pane of glass' — the ability to monitor different servers across a network using Server Manager, Windows PowerShell, and even Windows Admin Center — from anywhere. Despite the focus on Windows Server 2019 LTSC, you will still explore containers and Nano Server, which are more related to the SAC of server releases. This additional coverage will give you insights into all aspects of using Windows Server 2019 in your environment. This book covers a range of remote access technologies available in this operating system, teaches management of PKI and certificates, and empowers you to virtualize your datacenter with Hyper-V. You will also discover the tools and software included with Windows Server 2019 that assist in the inevitable troubleshooting of problems that crop up. What you will learn Work with Server Core and Windows Admin Center Secure your network and data with modern technologies in Windows Server 2019 Understand containers and understand when to use Nano Server Discover new ways to integrate your datacenter with Microsoft Azure Reinforce and secure your Windows Server Virtualize your datacenter with Hyper-V Explore Server Manager, PowerShell, and Windows Admin Center Centralize your information and services using Active Directory and Group Policy Who this book is for If you are a system administrator or an IT professional designing and deploying Windows Server 2019, this book is for you. It will be particularly useful for sysadmins who've worked with older versions of Microsoft Server or those who want to stay up to date with new developments. Prior experience with Windows Server operating systems and familiarity with networking concepts is a must.

Download or read book Mastering Windows Group Policy written by Jordan Krause and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improve and reimagine your organization's security stance, desktop standards, and server administration with centralized management via Group Policy. Key FeaturesExplore advanced filtering techniques for Group Policy ObjectsInteract with Group Policy through GPMC and PowerShellPractical guide covering the daily and advanced administration of group policyBook Description This book begins with a discussion of the core material any administrator needs to know in order to start working with Group Policy. Moving on, we will also walk through the process of building a lab environment to start testing Group Policy today. Next we will explore the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) and start using the powerful features available for us within that interface. Once you are well versed with using GPMC, you will learn to perform and manage the traditional core tasks inside Group Policy. Included in the book are many examples and walk-throughs of the different filtering options available for the application of Group Policy settings, as this is the real power that Group Policy holds within your network. You will also learn how you can use Group Policy to secure your Active Directory environment, and also understand how Group Policy preferences are different than policies, with the help of real-world examples. Finally we will spend some time on maintenance and troubleshooting common Group Policy-related issues so that you, as a directory administrator, will understand the diagnosing process for policy settings. By the end of the book, you will be able to jump right in and use Group Policy to its full potential. What you will learnBecome familiar with the Group Policy Management ConsoleCreate, link, and filter new policiesSecure your users and devices using Group PolicyMaintain and troubleshoot Group PolicyAdminister Group Policy via PowerShellControl your Active Directory environment efficiently with Group Policy settings Who this book is for If you are an IT professional who works with Windows Servers or are interested in an Active Directory environment then this book is for you. General knowledge of Microsoft Windows, how Windows Server fits into an enterprise’s infrastructure and also some existing knowledge of an Active Directory domain environment is expected.

Download or read book Windows Server 2016 Administration Cookbook written by Jordan Krause and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains more than 65 recipes that will equip you with what you need to know to work with Windows 2016 Server. This book will help you learn how to administrate your Windows Server for optimal performance. Key Features A focussed guide to help you with the core functionalities of Windows Server 2016 Explore tasks that will help you build a datacenter from scratch using Windows Server 2016 Step-by-step instructions for common Windows Server administration duties Book Description Windows Server 2016 is an operating system designed to run on servers. It supports enterprise-level data storage, communications, management, and applications. This book contains specially selected, detailed help on core, essential administrative tasks of Windows Server 2016. This book starts by helping you to navigate the interface of Windows Server 2016, and quickly shifts gears to implementing roles that are necessarily in any Microsoft-centric datacenter. This book will also help you leverage the web services platform built into Windows Server 2016, available to anyone who runs this latest and greatest Server operating system. Further, you will also learn to compose optimal Group Policies and monitor system performance and IP address management. This book will be a handy quick-reference guide for any Windows Server administrator, providing easy to read, step-by-step instructions for many common administrative tasks that will be part of any Server Administrator’s job description as they administer their Windows Server 2016 powered servers. The material in the book has been selected from the content of Packt's Windows Server 2016 Cookbook by Jordan Krause to provide a specific focus on key Windows Server administration tasks. What you will learn Become skilled in the navigation of Windows Server 2016, and explore the technologies and options that it provides Build the infrastructure required for a successful Windows Server network Move away from those open-source web server platforms and start migrating your websites to Server 2016's Internet Information Services today Provide a centralized point for users to access applications and data by confguring Remote Desktop Services Compose optimal Group Policies Who this book is for This book is for system administrators or IT professionals who want the skills to manage and maintain the core infrastructure of a Windows Server 2016 environment. Prior experience in Windows Server 2012 R2 environments will be helpful.