Download or read book Watershed scale Modeling for Water Resource Sustainability in the Tuul River Basin of Mongolia written by Javzansuren Norvanchig and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water scarcity is a prevalent issue all over the world. Growing water abstractions combined with uncertain effects of climate increase competition for scarce water resources worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions. It is crucial to assess and manage available water resources to ensure its sustainability. There is a need for integrated water management at a watershed scale. Watershed models are a useful tool to support sustainable water management and investigate effects of hydrologic responses at various scales under climate change conditions and to simulate effects of the management decisions. This study aims to assess the sustainability of water resources in the Tuul River Basin in Mongolia using SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) model to understand ecohydrological processes in the basin. The model is used to analyze the trends in water usage on a watershed and subwatershed basis. The water supply and demand dynamics at each sub watershed levels are analyzed to develop a sustainability index based on specific criteria of water sustainability. Sustainability index was used for better water management by targeting areas of the watershed. Using the analysis, strategies for water demand management for the Tuul River basin area were developed. I expect the results of the study with transform water resource situation in the region through better information on the dynamics of the system and will help in alleviating water issues in similar regions of the country and of the world. The model can be a useful tool to support decision makers and to simulate and analyze the effects of water management practices.
Download or read book Water Resources Assessment in Cold Regions the Upper Tuul River Basin Mongolia written by Enkhbayar Dandar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater withdrawals are growing in most developing countries, including Mongolia, where freshwater resources are limited and unevenly distributed, and most surface waters are frozen during winter. Groundwater represents some 80% of the water supply in the country. Computation of recharge is important, but is complicated in cold regions, because of phase change and permafrost, which is found on 63 percent of the country, and causes conventional physically-based land surface models to be inaccurate. We have developed a two-compartment water and energy balance model that accounts for freezing and melting and includes vapor diffusion as a water and energy transfer mechanism. It also accounts for the effect of slope orientation on radiation, which may be important for mountain areas. We applied this model to the Upper Tuul River Basin to evaluate recharge under different soil and vegetation types. The basin is divided into 12 zones (models) based on elevation ranges, orientation and slope. Due to the limited number of observation data in this area, precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity were corrected as a function of elevation by means of lapse rates. Results show that recharge is relatively high and delayed with respect to snowmelt during spring, because it is mainly associated to thawing at depth, which may occur much later. Most importantly, we find that vapor diffusion plays an important quantitative role in the energy balance and a relevant qualitative role in the water balance. Except for a few large precipitation events, most of the continuous recharge is driven by vapor diffusion fluxes. Large vapor fluxes occur during spring and early summer, when surface temperatures are moderate, but the subsoil remains cold, creating large downwards vapor pressure gradients. Temperature gradients reverse in fall and early winter, but the vapor diffusion fluxes do not, because of the exponential shape of the saturated vapor pressure as a function of temperature giving smaller vapor pressure differences at lower temperature. The computed sensible heat flux is higher than the latent heat flux, which reflects the dry climate of the region. The downward latent heat flux associated to vapor diffusion is largely compensated by an upward heat conduction, which is much larger than in temperate regions. The alluvial aquifer around Ulaanbaatar supplies water to the city and is under pressure because of the growing water demand. To address this concern, we built a numerical model, which is challenging, not only because of the lack of data, but also because the river freezes during winter. River flow under the ice is sustained by groundwater, which provides the energy to prevent full freezing of the whole river thickness, but which may not occur where groundwater levels are depleted by pumping. At present, the river still flows under the ice during winter at both ends of the Ulaanbaatar alluvial aquifer. The downstream end, to the West, receives aquifer discharge, whereas the river is fed by discharge from adjacent alluvial aquifers upstream of the east end. But, in the central portion, the river is fully frozen. In fact, the river bed in this portion becomes dry in April most years, probably because of sublimation and because melted water immediately infiltrates into the aquifer. If groundwater pumping increases, either at the Ulaanbaatar alluvial aquifer or at the alluvial aquifer near Gachuurt village, it is likely that the currently winter flowing portion of the river will also dry or, rather, become fully frozen during winter. This will not be a major problem from a quantitative point of view because aquifer storage is sufficient to support winter pumping, even if pumping is increased. However, it may have other environmental and cultural implications. Therefore, further study is needed to monitor at both the upper and downstream stream parts of the aquifer.
Download or read book Compendium of Watershed scale Models for TMDL Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land water Linkages in Rural Watersheds written by and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is often assumed that upstream land use practices have important impacts on water resources and affect the downstream users at a watershed scale, Payments by downstream users to upstream users for "environmental services" such as good water quality, less sediments or more regular water flow are widely discussed. However, much controversy exists about the direction and magnitude of such impacts, how they influence the relationships between upstream and down-stream users, and which mechanisms allow for a sharing of resulting benefits and costs by all resource users in a watershed context. To address these issues, the FAO Land and Water Development Division organized the electronic workshop "Land-Water Linkages in Rural Watersheds" from 18 September to 27 October 2000. The present publication contains the proceedings of the workshop and two papers that set the stage for the workshop discussions. The complete workshop documentation, including discussion archive, background papers, and case studies, is included on the CD-ROM that accompanies the document.
Download or read book Towards Sustainable Watershed Management written by Kaveh Madani and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within watersheds, social, economical, political and physical subsystems interact. While making decisions, decision makers should be aware of such interactions as any new policy will not only affect one subsystem. To see if a specific management policy is proper, an integrated study is needed of complicated water management system in the basin, considering major physical, social, economical and political aspects of it. System Dynamics provides a unique framework for integrating the disparate physical and social systems important to water resource management and can be used to comprehend the interaction of different drivers of the problem. Here, this approach is used to find, for different scenarios, how various options of demand management and population control can be more effective when combined with transbasin water diversions, increasing water storage capacity and controlling of groundwater withdrawal in the river basin. A simulation model is built based on Causal Loop Diagrams of the watershed problem to comprehend the dynamic and interrelated characteristic of the system, and convey experiences, lessons learned, and perceptions gained through the model development process.
Download or read book Swrrb a watershed scale model for soil and water resources management written by J.G. Arnold And J.R. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SWRRB written by Jeffrey G. Arnold and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change and Groundwater written by Walter Dragoni and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a general consensus that for the next few decades at least, the Earth will continue its warming. This will inevitably bring about serious environmental problems. For human society, the most severe will be those related to alterations of the hydrological cycle, which is already heavily influenced by human activities. Climate change will directly affect groundwater recharge, groundwater quality and the freshwater-seawater interface. The variations of groundwater storage inevitably entail a variety of geomorphological and engineering effects. In the areas where water resources are likely to diminish, groundwater will be one of the main solutions to prevent drought. In spite of its paramount importance, the issue of 'Climate Change and Groundwater' has been neglected. This volume presents some of the current understanding of the topic.
Download or read book Watershed Modelling written by Assefa Kumsa and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The causes of water pollution in a watershed are attributed to various sources. The sources of such pollutants and their routing mechanism are controlled by several natural and anthropogenic factors. Such natural and human-induced complexities make the protection of pollution and hence water resource management too difficult. Therefore, extensive knowledge and information is required not only about the pollutants in concern but also the controlling factors within the environment at varying spatial and temporal scales. Description of the spatial and temporal variability of processes based on conventional measurements or observations, for example field sampling and analysis of stream water quality, to represent and explain the entire watershed is ineffective, expensive and time consuming increasing the intricacy on effective decision-making process. An integrated spatial approach that combines a watershed scale hydrologic models, remote sensing and GIS led to tremendous progress during the last few decades in alleviating such problems and demonstrated to be useful tool. This work showed the effectiveness of such tool in modelling the Rönne River basin in Sweden.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Three Selected Watershed Models for Use in Water Resources Management Studies in the Grand River Basin written by Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Grand River Implementation Committee and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Water Resources Management Concept Research and Implementation written by Dietrich Borchardt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the concept, contemporary research efforts and the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The IWRM concept was established as an international guiding water management paradigm in the early 1990ies and has become a vital approach to solving the problems associated with the topic of water. The book summarizes fourteen comprehensive IWRM research projects with worldwide coverage and analyses their motivations, settings, approaches and implementation of results. Aiming to be an up-to-date interdisciplinary scientific reference, this book provides a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of contemporary IWRM research, examples of science based implementations and a synthesis of the lessons learnt. It concludes with some major future challenges, the solving of which will further strengthen the IWRM concept.
Download or read book Compendium of Tools for Watershed Assessment and Tmdl Development written by L. Shoemaker and published by . This book was released on 1997-11 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadens the review of models and techniques from solely watershed loading models to include receiving water models and ecological assess. techniques and models. It summarizes avail. techniques and models that assess and predict physical, chemical, and biol. conditions in waterbodies. Includes info. regarding: a wide range of watershed-scale loading models; field-scale loading models; receiving water models, including eutrophication/water quality models, toxics models, and hydrodynamic models; integrated modeling systems that, for example, link watershed-scale loading with receiving water processes; and ecological techniques and models that can be used to assess &/or predict the status of habitat, single species, or biol. community.
Download or read book Watershed Assessment Framework and Modeling Tools for Human and Environmental Water Resources Management written by Jose Pablo Ortiz Partida and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of reservoirs have contributed to human and economic development through stable water supply, flood control, hydropower generation and other benefits, but in many cases their social and environmental costs have become unacceptable. A central challenge of water resources management is the design and implementation of policies to sustainably allocate water to both humans and the environment. Because of this, there is a critical need to design and implement a framework to identify problems, evaluate performance, and systematically improve water resources management, and to develop quantitative tools to increase economic revenue and human welfare while protecting the hydrologic and environmental integrity of the basin. To address this need, this research first analyses current strategies and research gaps and then develops innovative tools to evaluate alternatives for optimal regional water allocation. The framework was applied to the Rio Grande/Bravo, and it systematically identifies the need to quantify economic impacts of including environmental water allocation, quantifies such impacts using a simulation model, and optimizes regional water allocation using a novel stochastic optimization methodology. Results show that reservoir re-operation provides an opportunity to minimize economic and environmental trade-offs to balance water management objectives and that in some cases, reservoir re-operation for environmental flows is not only hydrologically feasible but also economically desirable. Also, this research demonstrates the usefulness of using a two-stage stochastic optimization to build robust operations for multipurpose reservoirs. Stochastic modeling generally performs better than non-informed decisions and could be used to address future climate change impacts (e.g., extreme floods and droughts). Overall, this research shows the feasibility of allocating water for environmental purposes while meeting current and future social and economic water use objectives.
Download or read book Watershed Management written by Timothy Randhir and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-11-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed management is an integrated approach that evaluates system-wide implications of natural resource problems. It has received considerable attention among communities and resource managers as an appropriate approach to deal with complex problems. Problem-solving is an important aspect of watersheds that involves diagnosis, assessment, solution, and implementation issues that often mean processing an enormous amount of information. A typical problem requires compilation of information from a variety of sources and is time consuming. This book will use a problem-based approach to present information on each problem facing watersheds. The subject area derives from a variety of disciplines and experiences and is presented clear and systematically throughout for easy reading and understanding. The problems covered in the book are major ones facing watersheds through the globe. The first chapter introduces principles of watershed management and is followed by chapters that are problem specific. Each problem is dealt with systematically with introduction, analysis, strategies, and further references. Watershed Management provides a valuable reference to professionals, students, scientists, and common citizens who are interested in learning about the variety of problems and approaches in watershed management.
Download or read book Integrated Watershed Management as an Effective Tool for Sustainable Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water resource management is an integral part of any sustainable development scenario. It plays a critical role, both in environmental issues and development issues, but most of the time, development and environment have not been looked at in an integral way. It is suggested in this research, that watershed management, which involves managing land use, water resources, human activities, within a management unit of a watershed, is an important tool for sustainable development involving environmental and development issues and can be used effectively to develop policies for sustainable development in a holistic way. In this research, a framework has been built, wherein it is shown how technology like hydrological/water quality models can be used effectively within the limits of a watershed to develop policies for land use and water resources so as to lead to sustainable development. This research is an effort to further the ongoing discourse on sustainable development. Various existing concepts in the literature have been applied to develop this framework. In this framework, watershed sustainability has been defined. It is then quantified by defining social, environmental and biodiversity indicators. By providing weightage to these indicators, a watershed index is built. The watershed sustainability is then calculated based on the concepts of reliability, resilience and vulnerability. To implement this framework, the watershed for the case study has been selected from the southern Delaware region of the US. The watershed used is Millsboro Pond watershed, which is a part of the Inland Bays basin. Based on the watershed management principles, four land use scenarios have been created in GIS. The first scenario used is the existing land use. The second scenario has been based on the recharge potential of the watershed and the third and fourth scenarios have been built by also considering riparian buffer zones along with recharge potential. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used as a hydrology/ water quality model. The Millsboro Pond watershed is first modeled by using SWAT. This included calibrating and validating the model. The existing land use layer in the model is then replaced by the different scenarios of land uses and the model run for 50 years in future. The output from the SWAT is used to calculate watershed indicators and a watershed sustainability index for all the land use scenarios. Based on the results the land uses have been ranked for sustainability and policy implications have been discussed. The output from the model has also been used to suggest supply side and demand side management for the watershed.
Download or read book Advancing Watershed scale Modeling for the Maumee River Watershed written by Grey Rogers Evenson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed-scale hydrologic models continue to inform efforts to reduce nutrient loss from the Maumee River watershed, a significant source of nutrient loadings that contribute to the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Lake Erie. Efforts to advance modeling proficiency in the watershed are therefore critical to ensuring sound conservation policy and a reduction in HABs. I aimed to advance modeling capacity in two ways. First, I sought to understand the extent of uncertainty in model predictions of critical source areas (CSA), defined as subsections of the watershed with disproportionately elevated nutrient and sediment losses. I showed that CSA predictions are highly uncertain but that conservation practices may be `targeted’ in a subset of the watershed’s subbasins with relative certainty. Second, I sought to improve model assessments of soil health promoting best management practices, or `soil health practices.’ I demonstrated methods of accounting for soil health practice impacts on soil functional properties, such as water holding capacity and nutrient availability. While these soil properties affected nutrient loading, the main drivers were management practices (no-tillage and cover crops), and so existing modeling approaches may adequately assess aggregate practice impacts. Taken together, my efforts to describe CSA uncertainty and better simulate soil health practices provide insights for the betterment of Lake Erie and its stakeholders.
Download or read book Effects of Land Cover Change Climate Variability and Dynamic Water Storage on Systems Behavior written by Mengqi Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhancing the resilience and sustainability of the environment and human society is a challenge under climate change, rapid population growth, and globalization. Water has been recognized as one of the fundamental resources for all systems to persist. However, perturbations from human activities (e.g., climate change and land use management) and natural uncertainties keep bringing potential threats to water-related systems. This dissertation focuses on the impact of disturbances on behaviors of hydrological and water systems and the evaluation of appropriate management strategies toward the goal of improving system resilience. Chapter One describes the development of a grid-based Soil Moisture Routing hydrology model to provide temporal and spatial hydrological changes under land cover change in the Mica Creek Experimental Watershed in northern Idaho. Snowpack dynamics under different elevation, aspect, land cover, and climate conditions were analyzed at the point and watershed scale to identify hydrologically sensitive areas and to inform optimal harvest pattern at spatial scale. Chapter Two addresses co-management of storage in the Food-Water-Energy Nexus using an aggregated system dynamics (SD) model for evaluation of drought impacts on irrigation reliability within the Yakima River Basin. The SD model allocates available water resources to meet instream target flows, hydropower demands, and irrigation demand, based on system operation rules, irrigation scheduling, and water rights. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) was evaluated as an adaptation method to mitigate historical droughts. Chapter Three projects future climate scenarios in the SD model which includes MAR, greenhouses, crop planting time, and irrigation technology as adaptation methods. The interactions of environmental and social systems simulated the adoption of innovations and dynamic responses of water systems. Greenhouses were the most effective method in the absence of economic and resource constraints in improving irrigation reliability, whereas combining multiple innovations may better overcome the extreme climate at less cost. This dissertation demonstrates behaviors of different types of natural and human systems and provides insights to dynamic behaviors influenced by long-term adaptive management strategies.
