Download or read book Water and Aqueous Solutions at Subzero Temperatures written by Felix Franks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume, the last of the series, is devoted to water in its metastable forms, especially at sub-zero temperatures. The past few years have wit nessed an increasing interest in supercooled water and amorphous ice. If the properties of liquid water in the normal temperature range are already eccentric, then they become exceedingly so below the normal freezing point, in the metastable temperature range. Water can be supercooled to -39°C without too much effort, and most of its physical properties show a re markable temperature dependence under these conditions. Although ade quate explanations are still lacking, the time has come to review available knowledge. The study of amorphous ice, that is, the solid formed when water vapor is condensed on a very cold surface, is of longer standing. It has achieved renewed interest because it may serve as a model for the liquid state. There is currently a debate whether or not a close structural relation ship exists between amorphous ice and supercooled water. The nucleation and growth of ice in supercooled water and aqueous solutions is also still one of those grey areas of research, although these topics have received considerable attention from chemists and physicists over the past two decades. Even now, the relationships between degree of supercooling, nucleation kinetics, crystal growth kinetics, cooling rate and solute concentration are somewhat obscure. Nevertheless, at the empirical level much progress has been made, because these topics are of considerable importance to biologists, technologists, atmospheric physicists and gla ciologists.
Download or read book Water and Aqueous Solutions at Subzero Temperatures written by Felix Franks and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Theory of Water and Aqueous Solutions written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aqueous Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by Roberto Fernandez-Prini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-06 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) has produced this book in order to provide an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures. These systems are central to many areas of scientific study and industrial application, including electric power generation, industrial steam systems, hydrothermal processing of materials, geochemistry, and environmental applications. The authors’ goal is to present the material at a level that serves both the graduate student seeking to learn the state of the art, and also the industrial engineer or chemist seeking to develop additional expertise or to find the data needed to solve a specific problem. The wide range of people for whom this topic is important provides a challenge. Advanced work in this area is distributed among physical chemists, chemical engineers, geochemists, and other specialists, who may not be aware of parallel work by those outside their own specialty. The particular aspects of high-temperature aqueous physical chemistry of interest to one industry may be irrelevant to another; yet another industry might need the same basic information but in a very different form. To serve all these constituencies, the book includes several chapters that cover the foundational thermophysical properties (such as gas solubility, phase behavior, thermodynamic properties of solutes, and transport properties) that are of interest across numerous applications. The presentation of these topics is intended to be accessible to readers from a variety of backgrounds. Other chapters address fundamental areas of more specialized interest, such as critical phenomena and molecular-level solution structure. Several chapters are more application-oriented, addressing areas such as power-cycle chemistry and hydrothermal synthesis. As befits the variety of interests addressed, some chapters provide more theoretical guidance while others, such as those on acid/base equilibria and the solubilities of metal oxides and hydroxides, emphasize experimental techniques and data analysis. - Covers both the theory and applications of all Hydrothermal solutions - Provides an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures - The presentation of the book is understandable to readers from a variety of backgrounds
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Agricultural Food and Biological Engineering written by Dennis R. Heldman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 2001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the role of engineering in delivery of quality consumer products, this expansive resource covers the development and design of procedures, equipment, and systems utilized in the production and conversion of raw materials into food and nonfood consumer goods. With nearly 2000 photographs, figures, tables, and equations including 128 color figures the book emphasizes and illustrates the various engineering processes associated with the production of materials with agricultural origin. With contributions from more than 350 experts and featuring more than 200 entries and 3600 references, this is the largest and most comprehensive guide on raw production technology.
Download or read book Water Activity written by Rockland and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the Tenth Basic Symposium sponsored by the Institute of Food Technologists and the International Union of Food Science and Technology. The key aim of the Symposium was to explore some basic principles relating to the influences of water activity on food quality.
Download or read book Cold Aqueous Planetary Geochemistry with FREZCHEM written by Giles M. Marion and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two of the best US researchers in the field, this text investigates issues of astrobiological relevance in the context of cold aqueous planetary geochemistry. At the core of the technical chapters is the FREZCHEM model, initially developed over many years by one of the authors to quantify aqueous electrolyte properties and chemical thermodynamics at subzero temperatures. FREZCHEM is of huge relevance to scientists in a number of fields, including biogeochemists.
Download or read book Adsorption on Silica Surfaces written by Eugene Papirer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-04-05 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Progresses from theoretical issues to applications. Contains a historical overview, in-depth considerations of various scenarios of silica adsorption, and results from the latest research. Invaluable for broad coverage of the expanding field of silica research."
Download or read book Multiphysics in Porous Materials written by Zhen (Leo) Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes, defines, and contextualizes multiphysics with an emphasis on porous materials. It covers various essential aspects of multiphysics, from history, definition, and scope to mathematical theories, physical mechanisms, and numerical implementations. The emphasis on porous materials maximizes readers’ understanding as these substances are abundant in nature and a common breeding ground of multiphysical phenomena, especially complicated multiphysics. Dr. Liu’s lucid and easy-to-follow presentation serve as a blueprint on the use of multiphysics as a leading edge technique for computer modeling. The contents are organized to facilitate the transition from familiar, monolithic physics such as heat transfer and pore water movement to state-of-the-art applications involving multiphysics, including poroelasticity, thermohydro-mechanical processes, electrokinetics, electromagnetics, fluid dynamics, fluid structure interaction, and electromagnetomechanics. This volume serves as both a general reference and specific treatise for various scientific and engineering disciplines involving multiphysics simulation and porous materials.
Download or read book Food Freezing written by William B. Bald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Freezing: Today and Tomorrow represents the contributions of the invited speakers to an advanced study seminar held by the Institute for Applied Biology of the University of York during April 1990. The main objective of the seminar was to bring together food scientists and engineers to discuss their mutual problems and to seek new directions for possible solutions.
Download or read book The Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer in Biotechnology written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FREZCHEM2 A Chemical Thermodynamic Model for Electrolyte Solutions at subzero Temperatures written by Giles M. Marion and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Barrier Technologies for Environmental Management written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-07 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To control the migration of radioactive and hazardous wastes currently contained underground, barriers made of natural materials and man-made substances are constructed atop, and possibly around, the contaminated area. Barrier Technologies for Environmental Management provides a brief summary of the key issues that arose during the Workshop on Barriers for Long-Term Isolation. Recurring themes from the session include the importance of quality control during installation, followed by periodic inspection, maintenance, and monitoring, and documentation of installation and performance data. The book includes papers by the workshop presenters.
Download or read book Aqueous Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by Donald Alan Palmer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures.
Download or read book Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 30-54 (1932-46) issued in 2 separately paged sections: General editorial section and a Transactions section. Beginning in 1947, the Transactions section is continued as SAE quarterly transactions.
Download or read book Drinking Water written by Vladyslav V. Goncharuk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a broad and eclectic view of the water that all humanity depends upon, probing its role in human life and in the history of our planet, as well as surveying the latest scientific understanding of purification techniques and standards for the protection of water quality. The volume opens with a chapter on the role of drinking water in human life, which discusses the planet’s water resources, the quality of drinking water, water and health, the advent of water quality standards, “Green” chemistry and more. The chapter concludes by discussing the relationship of the biosphere and human civilization. Chapter Two explores the unique properties of water, the role of water in the scenario of development on Earth. Also covered is the current understanding of the importance of the isotopic composition of water, in particular the ratio of protium to deuterium, which is fundamental to life. The third chapter is devoted to Water Clusters, examining the structure, properties and formation of clusters. Also covered here is theoretical research on the interaction of water clusters with ozone, the impact of temperature on water clusters and more. Chapter Four is devoted to drinking water and factors affecting its quality. Discussion includes ecological and hygienic classification of centralized drinking water supply sources, water quality requirements, and problems and potentialities of drinking water preparation. The author introduces a new concept for supplying the population with high-quality drinking water. The fifth chapter examines the peculiarities and problems of water decontamination, with sections on chlorination, ozonation, the bactericidal effects of ultrasound and ultraviolet rays and more. Chapter Six offers a thorough exploration of the theory, means and methods of bio testing as an evaluation method for the quality of drinking water. The final chapter discusses new state standards for drinking water, as well as requirements and methods of quality control. The concluding selection relates the urgent need to measure, evaluate and protect the quality of drinking water and describes a new state standard of drinking water quality.
