Download or read book Viral Protein R Vpr the Oral Cavity and Dental Management of the HIV 1 Infected Patient written by Benjamin Gray and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book HIV 1 Viral Protein R Vpr written by Yuh-ling Lu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oral Manifestations of HIV Infection written by John S. Greenspan and published by Quintessence Publishing (IL). This book was released on 1995 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together the papers presented at this important 1993 workshop. Addressed is a wide array of issues of interest to the dental practitioner and researcher, from oral lesions to periodontal concerns to provision of care and infection control practices. [editor].

Download or read book Oral Microbiology and Immunology written by Richard J. Lamont and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice. The field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice.

Download or read book AIDS written by Vincent T. DeVita (Jr.) and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1997 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive clinical reference on AIDS has been thoroughly revised and updated to provide the most complete and current information on this constantly evolving disease. New chapters in the Fourth Edition cover distribution of HIV-I; epidemiology and natural history of HIV-II; oral manifestations of HIV infection; pharmacology of antiretroviral agents; immunologic approach to the treatment of HIV infection; and gene therapy. Most of the previous edition's chapters have been expanded or rewritten bynew contributing authors. Topics receiving expanded coverage include diagnosis of HIV infection; tuberculosis and HIV infection; other and HIV infection; other bacterial infections; herpes infections; other viral infections; AIDS vaccines; and psychosocial aspects of AIDS.

Download or read book Management of HIV infected Patients in the Dental Practice written by Michael Glick and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book HIV 1 Viral Protein R in G2 Arrest Induction and Disease Progression written by Maoyi Lai and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Computational and Experimental Approach to Understanding HIV 1 Evolution and Latency for the Design of Improved Antiviral Therapies written by Siddharth Subhas Dey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With 33.3 million people presently infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), combined with the 2.6 million new infections and 1.8 million AIDS related death in 2009 alone, HIV-1 continues to be one of the biggest global pandemics and medical challenges of the new millennium. Although the development of antiretroviral drugs was a major advance in the treatment of patients infected with HIV-1, complete eradication of HIV-1 has not been possible due to two major obstacles. First, the high mutation rate of the virus coupled with its rapid replication rate has given rise to drug resistant strains of HIV-1. Furthermore, latent viral reservoirs that are not directly targeted by anti-viral therapies or by the immune system can reactivate at a later time preventing complete viral clearance from a patient. Compounding these difficulties is the global diversification of viral strains or subtypes that have widely differing sequences, resulting in unique gene regulation and pathogenesis. Following integration into the host genome, activation of viral gene expression results in the production of new progeny whereas the inability to activate gene expression could initiate the establishment of viral latency. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms and factors that regulate viral transcription is critical towards eliminating latent viral populations. Therefore, the focus of this work has been to investigate the role of both cellular and viral factors in regulating HIV-1 gene expression and latency using a combination of computational and experimental techniques. This work may help develop novel therapy targets and better treatment regimens for different HIV-1 subtypes while concurrently providing new insights on mammalian gene regulation. In studying viral factors that regulate gene expression in HIV-1, we focused attention on the HIV-1 promoter, a viral protein called Tat and a RNA hairpin called TAR. The error prone nature of HIV-1 replication has resulted in highly diverse viral sequences, and it is not clear how Tat, which plays a critical role in viral gene expression and replication, retains its complex functions. Although several important amino acid positions in Tat are conserved, we hypothesized that it may also harbor functionally important residues that may not be individually conserved yet appear as correlated pairs, and knowledge of such evolutionary information could help elucidate underlying mechanisms of Tat function. Using Information theory based approaches such as Mutual Information and protein engineering approaches, we found a pair of sites in Tat that are strongly coevolving and that provided insight into Tat-mediated viral transcription. In contrast to most coevolving protein residues that contribute to the same function, these studies showed that these two residues contribute to two mechanistically distinct steps in gene expression: binding the cellular protein, positive transcription-elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and promoting P-TEFb phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain in RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII). Moreover, Tat variants that mimic HIV-1 subtype B or C at these sites have evolved orthogonal strengths of P-TEFb binding vs. RNAPII phosphorylation, suggesting that subtypes have evolved alternate transcriptional strategies that could differentially impact latency while achieving similar gene expression levels. Interaction between Tat and the viral hairpin TAR is critical for efficient gene expression from the viral promoter and we therefore hypothesized that sequence diversity within these elements may dramatically alter the gene expression and latency properties of different subtype viruses. We found large differences in gene expression between subtypes using a variety of experimental models and showed that subtype TARs and Tats act independently to set the level of gene expression from the viral promoter. Further, using Mutual information and site-directed mutagenesis we showed that nucleotides in TAR are not coevolving with residues in Tat implying that HIV-1 has evolved a highly robust mechanism of activating gene expression in the face of rapid viral evolution. Similarly, the promoters of different HIV-1 subtypes have evolved different architectures of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) that result in widely varying levels of gene expression and viral replication. Within this large diversity of TFBS in the HIV-1 promoter, we used in vitro models of HIV-1 latency to identify the minimal set of TFBS that contribute to most of the observed differences in gene expression and latency at steady state. In contract, we found that the dynamics of gene expression is dependent on both the minimal set of TFBS and other sites in the viral promoter. Identifying other targets within the viral promoter will provide better mechanistic understanding of the establishment and reactivation of HIV-1 latency as well as potentially identify new molecular targets to counter latency. While diversity in viral factors can contribute to differential regulation of viral gene expression, host factors can also play a significant role in this regulation. Since HIV-1 integrates semi-randomly within the human genome, another aspect of my thesis included studying the role of the cellular genomic location in regulating viral gene expression. We exploited the semi-random integration of HIV-1 to quantitatively study both how latent proviruses can be reactivated from different chromatin environments and to address a fundamental question in eukaryotic gene expression related to how the placement of a gene in the genome impacts its responsiveness to an input transcription factor signal. Using a tunable overexpression system for the transcription factor NF-[kappa]B RelA, we quantified HIV-1 expression as a function of RelA levels and chromatin features at a panel of viral integration sites. We demonstrated that chromatin environments at different genomic loci decouple transcription factor mediated gene expression induction thresholds from subsequent gene activation. We developed a functional relationship between gene expression, RelA levels, and chromatin accessibility that accurately predicted synergistic HIV-1 activation in response to combinatorial pharmacological perturbations. Thus, this quantitative study should help inform strategies for combinatorial therapies to combat latent HIV-1 and help unravel biological principles underlying selective gene expression in response to transcription factor inputs. Finally, after HIV-1 integrates into the host genome, it can either activate gene expression that leads to viral replication or become transcriptionally silent that can result in viral latency. Since stochastic fluctuations in HIV-1 gene expression are one of several factors that have been implicated in influencing this decision and thus in the establishment of viral latency, we investigated the role of the local chromatin environment in regulating gene expression noise. We showed that for clones with similar mean gene expression levels, those integrated into more heterochromatic regions are associated with wider mRNA and protein distributions. Using a two-state stochastic model of gene expression, we showed that the repressed chromatin gives rise to noisier gene expression by lowering the burst frequency. In addition to more clearly defining the role of the chromatin environment in regulating the establishment of viral latency, this study has implications for the role of chromatin in modulating transcriptional noise in eukaryotes and its evolutionary consequences in the placement of genes within the genome. Thus these studies of the role of sequence variation within the viral genome and its chromosomal integration site in regulating gene expression has resulted in better understanding of the mechanisms of gene expression and establishment of latency in HIV-1, while also helping to discern the role of chromatin in regulating mammalian gene expression.

Download or read book New Strategies to Optimize Treatment for HIV 1 Infection written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection and converted AIDS into a manageable chronic disease. During the past 15 years, antiretroviral drugs have become less toxic, more potent and more convenient, allowing the possibility of early treatment. Changing regimens in patients with viral suppression is an approach that can be contemplated to simplify treatment and improve adherence reducing the number of pills and frequency of dosing, to prevent toxicity in the short or long term, to minimize drug interactions, and also to preserve future treatment options and even to reduce costs. We conclude that the efficacy of protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir (PI / r) monotherapy in clinical practice is consistent with data from clinical trials. Moreover, the combination of etravirine plus raltegravir is well tolerated and maintains durable viral suppression in selected patients with virological suppression. Regarding modification of PI / r regimens in virologically suppressed patients, we found that the change of PI / r for raltegravir leads to significant changes in biomarkers associated with cardiovascular inflammation, insulin resistance, and hypercoagulability. In this context abacavir / lamivudine exhibits similar efficacy and tolerability of tenofovir / emtricitabine. Replacing the drug involved is one of the strategies to handle complications of antiretroviral therapy. However, for patients with underlying resistance mutations this approach may not be feasible. In adults receiving PI / r with hypercholesterolemia and increased cardiovascular risk, we found that rosuvastatin produced greater decreases in total cholesterol and low density than switching PI / r. Finally, we observed that 11% of patients treated with raltegravir developed significant elevation of creatine kinase during treatment with raltegravir. Symptoms were rare and unrelated to the degree of creatine kinase elevation. While knowledge about non-infectious complications of HIV-1 infection continues to prosper together with the continuous improvement of antiretroviral therapy, it is possible to develop new strategies to limit their impact on people living with HIV and to assure they can age with health and quality of life.

Download or read book Mycoses in AIDS Patients written by Geert Cauwenbergh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization estimates that at least five million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Of these about 100,000 are in Asia and Oceania, 500,000 in Europe, 2 million in the Americas and 2.5 million in Africa (Mann, 1989). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by a derangement in cell-mediated immunity leading to opportunistic infections with for example Mycobacterium spp., Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium. The third symposium on "Topics in Mycology" brought together 265 experts from 32 countries to discuss the epidemiology, immmunological and pathogenetic aspects of AIDS and its opportunistic infections in general and fungal infections in particular. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is by far the commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. The nature and classification of P. carinii is still controversial. In search for its true taxonomic affinities an introductory paper formulates a number of key questions. Candidosis is another frequent opportunistic infection. A number of papers discuss the possibility that selective pressures may operate on Candida albicans within the AIDS population and influence its nature: this might have an impact on prophylaxis and curative and/or suppressive therapy.

Download or read book HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS written by Jay A. Levy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Clinical Cases in Dental Hygiene written by Cheryl M. Westphal Theile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Cases in Dental Hygiene is an indispensable resource to understanding both the theory and practice of dental hygiene, illustrated by real-life cases in a clinically relevant format. Offers a unique case-based format that supports problem-based learning Promotes independent learning through self-assessment and critical thinking Includes a wealth of relevant cases for understanding dental procedures and management of patients Covers all essential topics within the scope of dental hygiene

Download or read book HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents written by Raziya Bobat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-27 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference work on pediatric HIV infection and covers the full bandwidth of topics from an introduction to pathogenesis and epidemiology, over the transmission of the HI virus, to clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention strategies. Diseases and disorders occurring in HIV infected persons are discussed in detail. The book covers special populations, such as neonates born to an HIV positive mother and adolescents and examines the specific ways of managing HIV disease in these patient groups. This is the first book to cover palliative care as well as ethical, legal and social issues of HIV infection.

Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections written by Antonio Cristaudo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-30 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, well-illustrated, and easily accessible book documents the latest research outcomes concerning sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and describes important advances in their prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The changes in the epidemiology and clinical aspects of STIs that have occurred over the past decade are fully explored, with special attention to core groups and patients with immunological disorders. The emerging challenges associated with particular sexually transmitted pathogens, including C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, HPV, and HIV, are identified and discussed. Readers will find detailed information on modern preventive strategies, new laboratory and diagnostic techniques, and a range of innovative treatments, including vaccines, continuous antiretroviral therapy, and new drugs against hepatitis viruses. Attention is also drawn to new directions in biomedical research that promise clinical benefits for the patients and communities. The combination of a detailed clinical and research approach, with emphasis on new knowledge and innovative aspects, ensures that the book will be of value to a wide readership comprising both clinicians and researchers.

Download or read book Molecular Farming of Plants and Animals for Human and Veterinary Medicine written by L. Erickson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular farming has been hailed as the "third wave" of genetically-modified organisms produced through biotechnology for the bio-based economy of the future. Unlike products of the first wave, such as herbicide resistant crop plants, which were perceived to benefit only the farmers who used them and the agrochemical companies who developed them, products of molecular farming are designed specifically for the benefit of the consumer. Such products could be purified from food or non-food organisms for a range of applications in industry, as well as animal and human health. Alternatively, the products of this technology could be consumed more directly in some edible format, such as milk, eggs, fruits or vegetables. There is a rapidly-growing interest Qn the part of the public as well as in the medical community in the role food plays in health, especially in the immunophysiological impact of food over and above the role of basic nutrition.

Download or read book Pediatric Dentistry for Special Child written by Priya Verma Gupta and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Dentistry for Special Child is a comprehensive and highly illustrated guide to dentistry for children with special needs. The book is divided into thirty-five chapters across eight sections, covering learning disabilities, physical disabilities, medical disorders, genetic disorders, emotional and behavioural disorders, and more. The final section covers pharmacological behaviour management in dentistry for children with special needs, including chapters on pre-medication, nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation, general anaesthesia, and paediatric dentistry in hospital. Pediatric Dentistry for Special Child covers a wide range of conditions, from Cerebral Palsy to liver disorders, cleft lip and palate, and dyslexia. Each chapter provides management strategies, relevant to a particular paediatric disability. This book is enhanced by over 360 full colour images and illustrations, making it an ideal reference guide for paediatric dentists and paediatricians. Key Points Comprehensive reference guide to dentistry for children with special needs Covers a wide range of conditions including learning, physical, medical and genetic disabilities Includes management of children with emotional and behavioural disorders, and learning difficulties 364 full colour images and illustrations

Download or read book Superfood and Functional Food written by Viduranga Waisundara and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the usage and application of plant- and animal-based food products with significant functional properties and health benefits as well as their development into processed food. Many chapters in this book contain overviews on superfood and functional food from South America. Details on the functional properties of apiculture products are also included herein. Additionally, an area that is not widely discussed in academia - pet food with functional properties - is also covered. It is hoped that this book will serve as a source of knowledge and information to make better choices in food consumption and alterations to dietary patterns. It is also recommended for readers to take a look at a related book, Superfood and Functional Food - The Development of Superfoods and Their Roles as Medicine.