Download or read book Validating Burn Severity Classifications Using Landsat Imagery Across Western Canadian National Parks written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National parks in western Canada experience wildland fire events at differing frequencies, intensities, and burn severities. These episodic disturbances have varying implications for various biotic and abiotic processes and patterns. To predict burn severity, the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm, derived from Landsat imagery, has been used extensively throughout the wildland fire community. Researchers have often employed this approach to study the effects of fire across multiple contrasting landscapes. Many remote sensing scientists have concluded that incorporating pre-fire information into the current remote sensing dNBR methodology may make such models more transferable. In the first study the main purpose was to investigate the accuracies of the absolute dNBR versus its relative form (RdNBR) to estimate burn severity, in which was hypothesized that RdNBR would outperform dNBR based on former research by Miller and Thode (2007). The secondary purpose was to examine and compare the accuracies of RdNBR and dNBR algorithms in pre-fire landscapes with low canopy closure and high heterogeneity. Results indicate that the RdNBR-derived model did not estimate burn severity more accurately than dNBR (65.2% versus 70.2% classification accuracy, respectively) nor indicate improved estimates in the more heterogeneous and low canopy cover landscapes. In addition, we concluded that RdNBR is no more effective than dNBR at the regional, individual, and fine-scale vegetation levels. The results herein support the continued use of both the dNBR and RdNBR methods and the pursuit of developing regional models. In the second study, we compare the transferability of an overall model and those stratified by land cover and ecozone. Our second objective was to test the statistical benefit of incorporating pre- and post-fire information into standard dNBR approaches. We determined that an overall dNBR derived model successfully estimated burn severity for the majority o.
Download or read book The Use of Remote Sensing Indices to Determine Wildland Burn Severity in Semiarid Sagebrush Steppe Rangelands Using Landsat ETM and SPOT 5 written by Jill M. Norton and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates ten remote sensing indices to detect burned areas and burn severity in a southeastern Idaho study area. While fire-related studies have been performed in forested ecosystems, few have been conducted in sagebrush steppe rangelands. Burn severity, defined as the completeness of aboveground vegetation removal during the burn, is useful in determining the type and location of treatment(s) that land managers can implement to speed recovery and thus in assessing effectiveness and speed of landscape recovery. This study utilizes pre- and post-fire field-based sampling as ground control for image processing of Landsat ETM+ and SPOT 5 multispectral imagery. Single and multi-date indices were validated through accuracy-assessment techniques. Remote sensing indices comparing burned with unburned areas had better overall, user's, and producer's accuracies than indices comparing levels of burn severity. The best burn versus unburned index was the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI; 100% overall accuracy) derived from SPOT imagery, and the best burn severity index was the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR; 73% overall accuracy) derived from Landsat imagery. These two indices provided the highest user's and producer's accuracies.
Download or read book The Enhanced Forest Inventory and Analysis Program national Sampling Design and Estimation Procedures written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service is in the process of moving from a system of quasi-independent, regional, periodic inventories to an enhanced program featuring greater national consistency, a complete and annual sample of each State, new reporting requirements, and integration with the ground sampling component of the Forest Health Monitoring Program. This documentation presents an overview of the conceptual design, describes the sampling frame and plot configuration, presents the estimators that form the basis of FIA's National Information Management System (NIMS), and shows how annual data are combined for analysis. It also references a number of Web-based supplementary documents that provide greater detail about some of the more obscure aspects of the sampling and estimation system, as well as examples of calculations for most of the common estimators produced by FIA.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2016-10 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Google Earth Engine Applications written by Lalit Kumar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a rapidly changing world, there is an ever-increasing need to monitor the Earth’s resources and manage it sustainably for future generations. Earth observation from satellites is critical to provide information required for informed and timely decision making in this regard. Satellite-based earth observation has advanced rapidly over the last 50 years, and there is a plethora of satellite sensors imaging the Earth at finer spatial and spectral resolutions as well as high temporal resolutions. The amount of data available for any single location on the Earth is now at the petabyte-scale. An ever-increasing capacity and computing power is needed to handle such large datasets. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a cloud-based computing platform that was established by Google to support such data processing. This facility allows for the storage, processing and analysis of spatial data using centralized high-power computing resources, allowing scientists, researchers, hobbyists and anyone else interested in such fields to mine this data and understand the changes occurring on the Earth’s surface. This book presents research that applies the Google Earth Engine in mining, storing, retrieving and processing spatial data for a variety of applications that include vegetation monitoring, cropland mapping, ecosystem assessment, and gross primary productivity, among others. Datasets used range from coarse spatial resolution data, such as MODIS, to medium resolution datasets (Worldview -2), and the studies cover the entire globe at varying spatial and temporal scales.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Burn Severity and the Interactions Between Burn Severity Topography and Vegetation in Interior Alaska written by Justin Frederick Epting and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A variety of single-band, band ratio, vegetation index, and multivariate algorithms were evaluated for mapping burn severity using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery across four burns in interior Alaska. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) outperformed all algorithms, both when tested as a single post-fire value and when tested as a differenced (prefire-postfire) value. The NBR was then used to map burn severity at a historical burn near Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve and a time-series of images from 1986 to 2002 was analyzed to investigate interactions between vegetation, burn severity, and topography. Strong interactions existed between vegetation and burn severity, but the only topographic variable that had a significant relationship with burn severity was elevation, presumably due to the strong control of elevation on vegetation type. The highest burn severity occurred in spruce forest, while the lowest occurred in broadleaf forest. Areas with high burn severity experienced disproportionately more shifts toward spruce woodland and shrub classes, while areas with low to moderate severity were less likely to change vegetation type. Finally, vegetation recovery, estimated using a remotely-sensed vegetation index, peaked between 8-14 years post-fire, and recovery was highest for areas with the highest burn severity"--Leaf iii.
Download or read book Twenty Year 1984 2004 Temporal and Spatial Burn Severity Patterns Inferred from Satellite Imagery in the Gila National Forest New Mexico written by Zachary Alan Holden and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent increasing trends in fire extent have been documented, yet little is known about how climate, vegetation and topography influence the patterns of burn severity (defined here as the magnitude of vegetation change one year post-fire relative to pre-fire conditions) of those fires. Here, I use satellite-derived burn severity data to infer 20-year patterns of burn severity relative to topography and climate. A time series of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite images were used to map 114 fires (195,600 hectares burned) on the Gila National Forest from 1984-2004. Burn severity of each fire was inferred from the Relative Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR), a derivative of the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio. Data from nearby weather and Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) stations were used to evaluate the influence of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) and precipitation patterns on severe fire occurrence. Vegetation and Digital Elevation Model-derived Geographic Information System (GIS) layers were used to analyze the spatial patterns of severe fire occurrence on the 1.4 million-hectare Gila National Forest. Severe fire occurred more frequently at high elevations, in mesic spruce-fir and mixed-conifer vegetation types, on north-facing slopes and where solar radiation and heat load index values were low. Within drier Potential Vegetation Types, severe fire occurred more frequently where moisture was more available. However, this pattern shifts at higher elevations, where areas with high heat load indexes and exposed south-facing slopes increased the probability of severe fire occurrence during this twenty-year period. Random Forest predictions of severe fire occurrence using topographic variables as predictors yielded classification accuracies of 82% and 63% for two (high severity vs. other) and three (low, moderate, high severity) class burn severity grids. Spring precipitation, SWE and precipitation-free periods during the fire season (April-July) were significantly related to area burned and area burned severely, with the length of dry periods explaining most of the variation in fire extent and severity. These precipitation metrics were strongly correlated with 17-year patterns of spring and early summer vegetation green-up inferred from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Spectral indices used in this study were derived from the Landsat TM sensor. However the life of this sensor may be limited and other remotely sensed data on burn severity patterns will likely be sought in the future. Using pre and post-fire images from 4 different satellite sensors with varying spatial and spectral resolutions (Quickbird, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)), Landsat TM and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) correlations between ground-based Composite Burn Index (CBI) plots and satellite-derived indices were compared. ASTER and Quickbird-derived indices performed as well or better than the Landsat-derived dNBR.
Download or read book The Jarrah Forest written by Bernard Dell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Western Australian jarrah forest is unique, contammg some of the most beautiful flora in the world, more than 100 species of birds and some 50 mammals indigenous to this State. This book "The Jarrah Forest - A Complex Mediterranean Ecosystem" is a collection of scholarly essays on every known aspect of the northern part of the jarrah forest extending from south of Collie to the Avon River. All of the work has been researched by members of tertiary institutions, the private sector and government instrumentalities and was prepared expressly for this book. In the list of contributors are the names of many Western Australians who are in the forefront of their particular field. The book will be a very important reference work for senior secondary schools and tertiary institutions in Western Australia for many years to come. Additionally, it will have wide appeal to all interested in forestry management, both in Australia and overseas. I should like to express my appreciation for the efforts of all those involved in the conception and planning of this most valuable book. Perth, August 1988 Peter Dowding LL.B. M.L.A.
Download or read book Robustness and Complex Data Structures written by Claudia Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Festschrift in honour of Ursula Gather’s 60th birthday deals with modern topics in the field of robust statistical methods, especially for time series and regression analysis, and with statistical methods for complex data structures. The individual contributions of leading experts provide a textbook-style overview of the topic, supplemented by current research results and questions. The statistical theory and methods in this volume aim at the analysis of data which deviate from classical stringent model assumptions, which contain outlying values and/or have a complex structure. Written for researchers as well as master and PhD students with a good knowledge of statistics.
Download or read book Assessment of Burn Severity of Large Western Wildfires Via Multi temporal Landsat Imagery Analysis and Cellular Automata Modeling written by Carl Wilson Schmiedeskamp and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Burn Severity in a Central Florida Sand Pine Scrub Wilderness Area written by David Robert Godwin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods of mapping burn severity using remotely sensed imagery were also developed for the first time in this ecotype. A supervised classification of post burn Landsat imagery resulted in a burn severity map that achieved overall accuracy of 68%. These results provide new insight into the variations of fire effects within sand pine scrub ecosystems. Such understandings, coupled with new burn severity mapping methods, provide those tasked with managing sand pine scrub improved predictive and assessment tools for managing and perpetuating a unique ecotype.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Hydrometeorological Hazards written by George P. Petropoulos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate change aggravate the frequency and magnitude of disasters. Facing atypical and more severe events, existing early warning and response systems become inadequate both in scale and scope. Earth Observation (EO) provides today information at global, regional and even basin scales related to agrometeorological hazards. This book focuses on drought, flood, frost, landslides, and storms/cyclones and covers different applications of EO data used from prediction to mapping damages as well as recovery for each category. It explains the added value of EO technology in comparison with conventional techniques applied today through many case studies.
Download or read book Weather Guide for the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System written by B. D. Lawson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This weather guide includes detailed specifications for locating and instrumenting fire weather stations, taking weather observations, and overwintering the Drought Code component of the FWI System. The sensitivity of the FWI System components to weather elements is represented quantitatively. The importance of weather that is not directly observable is discussed in the context of fuel moisture and fire behavior. Current developments in the observation and measurement of fire weather and the forecasting of fire danger are discussed, along with the implications for the reporting of fire weather of increasingly automated fire management information systems.
Download or read book Standard Fire Behavior Fuel Models written by Joe H. Scott and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a new set of standard fire behavior fuel models for use with Rothermels surface fire spread model and the relationship of the new set to the original set of 13 fire behavior fuel models. To assist with transition to using the new fuel models, a fuel model selection guide, fuel model crosswalk, and set of fuel model photos are provided.
Download or read book Ecosystem Management in the Boreal Forest written by Sylvie Gauthier and published by PUQ. This book was released on 2009 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest Ecosystem Management. A management approach that aims to maintain healthy and resilient forest ecosystems by focusing on a reduction of differences between natural and managed landscapes to ensure long-term maintenance of ecosystem functions and thereby retain the social and economic benefits they provide to society.That is the definition of forest ecosystem management proposed in this book, which provides a summary of key ecological concepts supporting this approach. The book includes a review of major disturbance regimes that shape the natural dynamics of the boreal forest and gives examples from different Canadian boreal regions. Several projects implementing the forest ecosystem management approach are presented to illustrate the challenges created by current forestry practices and the solutions that this new approach can provide. In short, knowledge and understanding of forest dynamics can serve as a guide for forest management. Planning interventions based on natural dynamics can facilitate reconciliation between forest harvesting needs and the interests of other forest users.
Download or read book Fire Effects Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fire Ecology and Management Past Present and Future of US Forested Ecosystems written by Cathryn H. Greenberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents original scientific research and knowledge synthesis covering the past, present, and potential future fire ecology of major US forest types, with implications for forest management in a changing climate. The editors and authors highlight broad patterns among ecoregions and forest types, as well as detailed information for individual ecoregions, for fire frequencies and severities, fire effects on tree mortality and regeneration, and levels of fire-dependency by plant and animal communities. The foreword addresses emerging ecological and fire management challenges for forests, in relation to sustainable development goals as highlighted in recent government reports. An introductory chapter highlights patterns of variation in frequencies, severities, scales, and spatial patterns of fire across ecoregions and among forested ecosystems across the US in relation to climate, fuels, topography and soils, ignition sources (lightning or anthropogenic), and vegetation. Separate chapters by respected experts delve into the fire ecology of major forest types within US ecoregions, with a focus on the level of plant and animal fire-dependency, and the role of fire in maintaining forest composition and structure. The regional chapters also include discussion of historic natural (lightning-ignited) and anthropogenic (Native American; settlers) fire regimes, current fire regimes as influenced by recent decades of fire suppression and land use history, and fire management in relation to ecosystem integrity and restoration, wildfire threat, and climate change. The summary chapter combines the major points of each chapter, in a synthesis of US-wide fire ecology and forest management into the future. This book provides current, organized, readily accessible information for the conservation community, land managers, scientists, students and educators, and others interested in how fire behavior and effects on structure and composition differ among ecoregions and forest types, and what that means for forest management today and in the future.
