Download or read book The Empire of the Cities written by Aurelio Espinosa and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of the Spanish monarchy, bureaucracy and representative government under Charles V before and after the "comunero" revolt (1520-1521) demonstrates how the emperor and Castilian republics institutionalized management procedures that promoted accountability, advanced a meritocracy, and facilitated expansionism and domestic stability.

Download or read book Physiological and Pathological Responses to Hypoxia and High Altitude written by Rodrigo Iturriaga and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The appearance of photosynthetic organisms about 3 billion years ago increased the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the atmosphere and enabled the evolution of organisms that use glucose and oxygen to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia is commonly defined as the reduced availability of oxygen in the tissues produced by different causes, which include reduction of atmospheric PO2 as in high altitude, and secondary to pathological conditions such as sleep breathing and pulmonary disorders, anemia, and cardiovascular alterations leading to inadequate transport, delivery, and exchange of oxygen between capillaries and cells. Nowadays, it has been shown that hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis of several human pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, myocardial and cerebral diseases in fetal, young and adult life. Several mechanisms have evolved to maintain oxygen homeostasis. Certainly, all cells respond and adapt to hypoxia, but only a few of them can detect hypoxia and initiate a cascade of signals intended to produce a functional systemic response. In mammals, oxygen detection mechanisms have been extensively studied in erythropoietin-producing cells, chromaffin cells, bulbar and cortical neurons, pulmonary neuroepithelial cells, smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries, and chemoreceptor cells. While the precise mechanism underpinning oxygen, sensing is not completely known several molecular entities have been proposed as possible oxygen sensors (i.e. Hem proteins, ion channels, NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase). Remarkably, cellular adaptation to hypoxia is mediated by the master oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which can induce up-regulation of different genes to cope the cellular effects related to a decrease in oxygen levels. Short-term responses to hypoxia included mainly chemoreceptor-mediated reflex ventilatory and hemodynamic adaptations to manage the low oxygen concentration while more prolonged exposures to hypoxia can elicit more sustained physiological responses including switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, vascularization, and enhancement of blood O2 carrying capacity. The focus of this research topic is to provide an up-to-date vision on the current knowledge on oxygen sensing mechanism, physiological responses to acute or chronic hypoxia and cellular/tissue/organ adaptations to hypoxic environment.

Download or read book Oxide Surfaces written by James A. Wingrave and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed treatment of information relating to fluid-oxide interfaces. It outlines methods for quantifying adsorption and desorption of polymeric and non-polymeric solutes at the gas- and solution-oxide interfaces. It also analyzes novel properties of oxide membranes and the synthesis and dissolution of oxide solids.

Download or read book International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence 2008 DCAI 08 written by Juan Manuel Corchado Rodríguez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-16 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence is an annual forum that brings together ideas, projects, lessons, etc. associated with distr- uted computing, artificial intelligence and its applications in different themes. This meeting has been held at the University of Salamanca from the 22th to the 24th of October 2008. This symposium has be organized by the Biomedicine, Intelligent S- tem and Educational Technology Research Group (http://bisite. usal. es/) of the Univ- sity of Salamanca. The technology transfer in this field is still a challenge and for that reason this type of contributions has been specially considered in this edition. This c- ference is the forum in which to present application of innovative techniques to complex problems. The artificial intelligence is changing our society. Its application in distr- uted environments, such as the Internet, electronic commerce, mobile communications, wireless devices, distributed computing, and so on is increasing and is becoming an element of high added value and economic potential, both industrial and research. These technologies are changing constantly as a result of the large research and technical effort being undertaken in both universities and businesses. The exchange of ideas between scientists and technicians from both academic and business areas is essential to facilitate the development of systems that meet the demands of today's society.

Download or read book Considering Creativity Creativity Knowledge and Practice in Bronze Age Europe written by Joanna Sofaer and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume view Bronze Age objects through the lens of creativity in order to offer fresh insights into the interaction between people and the world, as well as the individual and cultural processes that lie behind creative expression.

Download or read book Engineering Digital Transformation written by Ángel Ortiz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlining the latest developments in engineering digital transformation gathers a selection of the best papers presented at the 11th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management (CIO 2017), held in Valencia, Spain, from July 5th to 6th, 2017. The papers discuss topics in the following areas: strategy and entrepreneurship, OR, modelling and simulation, production, logistics and supply chain management, information systems, quality and product management, knowledge and project management, service systems, and education.

Download or read book Graphic Imprints written by Carlos L. Marcos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 1686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Proceedings of the International Congress of Graphic Design in Architecture, EGA 2018, held in Alicante, Spain, May 30-June 1, 2018. About 200 professionals and researchers from 18 different countries attended the Congress. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of architecture and Engineering. Topics discussed are Innovations in Architecture, graphic design and architecture, history and heritage among others.

Download or read book Music Ritual written by Mark Howell and published by Ekho Verlag. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ICTM Study Group on Music Archaeology was founded in the early 1980s by Ellen Hickmann, John Blacking, Mantle Hood and Cajsa S. Lund. This is the first volume of the new anthology series published by the study group, turning to the topic of music and religion in past cultures. Each volume of the series is composed of concise case studies, bringing together the world's foremost researchers on a particular subject, reflecting the wide scope of music-archaeological research world-wide. The series draws in perspectives from a range of different disciplines, including newly emerging fields such as archaeoacoustics, but particularly encouraging both music-archaeological and ethnomusicological perspectives.

Download or read book Managing Complexity written by Cesáreo Hernández and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents papers by experts in the field of Industrial Engineering, covering topics in business strategy; modelling and simulation in operations research; logistics and production; service systems; innovation and knowledge; and project management. The focus of operations and production management has evolved from product and manufacturing to the capabilities of firms and collaborative management. Nowadays, Industrial Engineering is concerned with the study of how to design, modify, control and improve the performance of complex systems. It has extended its scope to any physical landscape populated by social agents. This raises a major challenge to Industrial Engineering: managing complexity. This volume shows how experts are dealing with this challenge.

Download or read book K 12 Education Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 1765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary and Secondary education is a formative time for young students. Lessons learned before the rigors of higher education help to inform learners’ future successes, and the increasing prevalence of learning tools and technologies can both help and hinder students in their endeavors. K-12 Education: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications investigates the latest advances in online and mobile learning, as well as pedagogies and ontologies influenced by current developments in information and communication technologies, enabling teachers, students, and administrators to make the most of their educational experience. This multivolume work presents all stakeholders in K-12 education with the tools necessary to facilitate the next generation of student-teacher interaction.

Download or read book Gamification in Education Breakthroughs in Research and Practice written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-01-05 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious games provide a unique opportunity to fully engage students more than traditional teaching approaches. Understanding the best way to utilize these games and the concept of play in an educational setting is imperative for effectual learning in the 21st century. Gamification in Education: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative reference source for the latest academic material on the different approaches and issues faced in integrating games within curriculums. Highlighting a range of topics, such as learning through play, virtual worlds, and educational computer games, this publication is ideally designed for educators, administrators, software designers, and stakeholders in all levels of education.

Download or read book Arterial Chemoreception written by Colin A. Nurse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arterial chemoreceptors are unique structures which continuously monitor changes in arterial blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and acid. Alterations in these gases are almost instantaneously sensed by arterial chemoreceptors and relayed into a physiological response which restores blood homeostasis. Arterial Chemoreception contains updated material regarding the physiology of the primary arterial chemoreceptor; the carotid body. Moreover, this book also explores tantalizing evidence regarding the contribution of the aortic bodies, chromaffin cells, lung neuroepithelial bodies, and brainstem areas involved in monitoring changes in blood gases. Furthermore this collection includes data showing the critical importance of these chemoreceptors in the pathophysiology of human disease and possible therapeutic treatments. This book is a required text for any researcher in the field of arterial chemoreception for years to come. It is also a critical text for physicians searching for bench-to-bedside treatments for heart failure, sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension.

Download or read book Interpreting and Translation for Agri Food Professionals in the Global Marketplace written by Isabel Peñuelas Gil and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of an increasingly internationalized agri-food sector, this volume explores existing and new tools developed to help professionals with writing, interpreting and translating. Centered on the English-Spanish language pair, the contributions address a variety of terminology issues, the importance of intercultural understanding, the use of corpora, as well as the possibilities offered by automatic translation.

Download or read book Medicine Government and Public Health in Philip II s Spain written by Dr Michele L Clouse and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-07-28 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between histories of medicine and political/institutional histories of the early modern crown, this book explores the relationship between one of the most highly bureaucratic regimes in early modern Europe, Spain, and crown interest in and regulation of medical practices. Complementing recent histories that have emphasized the interdependent nature of governance between the crown and municipalities in sixteenth-century Spain, this study argues that medical policies were the result of negotiation and cooperation among the crown, the towns, and medical practitioners. During the reign of Philip II (1556-1598), the crown provided unique opportunities for advancements in the medical field among practitioners and support for the creation and dissemination of innovative medical techniques. In addition, crown support for and regulation of medicine served as an important bureaucratic tool in the crown's effort to expand and solidify its authority over the distinct kingdoms and territories under Castilian authority and the municipalities within the kingdom of Castile itself. The crown was not the only agent of change in the medical world, however. Medical policies and their successful implementation required consensus and cooperation among competing political authorities. Bringing to life a cast of characters from early modern Spain, from the female empiric who practiced bonesetting and surgery to the university-trained, Latin physician whose medical textbook standardized medical education in the universities, the book will broaden the scope of medical history to include not only the development of medical theory and innovative practice, but also address the complex tensions between various authorities which influenced the development and nature of medical practice and perceptions of 'public health' in early modern Europe. Juxtaposing the history of medicine with the history of early modern state-building brings a unique perspective to this challenging book that reassesses the relationship between the monarch and intellectual milieu of medicine in Spain. It further challenges the dominance of studies of medical regulation from France and England and illuminates a diverse and innovative world of Spanish medical practice that has been neglected in standard histories of early modern medicine.

Download or read book Archaeology in the River Duero Valley written by Jose Carlos Sastre Blanco and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Prehistory to the Middle Ages, from the Spanish mainland to the Portuguese Atlantic Coast, the Duero (or Douro as it is known in English because of its Portuguese translation) has served as a river of great historical importance. It is a river flowing from the past into the future with the legacy of the Homo Antecessor and the most ancient remains of European Prehistory, showcasing the first samples of inland farming during the Iberian Neolithic period and many examples of Schematic Rock Art. Before the total obliteration of archaeological sites in the Duero valley due to active agricultural labours and the course of time itself, the Archaeological and Protohistoric Society of Zamora, Zamoraprotohistórica, leads a programme of researching activities to preserve this heritage and to keep it safe for future generations. In order to accomplish this, the association organises a cycle of conferences, lectures and meetings gathering local, national and international archaeologists and historians in a dynamic and vibrant exchange of knowledge. This volume is a compilation of the most remarkable interventions in those meetings, and each paper gathered here represents a unique reflection on the history of the river.

Download or read book Arterial Chemoreceptors written by Estelle B. Gauda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains reviews and brief research articles from participants attending the International Society for Arterial Chemoreception meeting, to be held in the USA (July 2017). Each article contains original data and represents up-to-date information concerning the carotid body and oxygen sensing in health and disease. This volume is a required text for all researchers in the field of arterial chemoreception and will provide a valuable reference source for years to come.

Download or read book Gamification Based E Learning Strategies for Computer Programming Education written by Alexandre Peixoto de Queirós, Ricardo and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer technologies are forever evolving and it is vital that computer science educators find new methods of teaching programming in order to maintain the rapid changes occurring in the field. One of the ways to increase student engagement and retention is by integrating games into the curriculum. Gamification-Based E-Learning Strategies for Computer Programming Education evaluates the different approaches and issues faced in integrating games into computer education settings. Featuring emergent trends on the application of gaming to pedagogical strategies and technological tactics, as well as new methodologies and approaches being utilized in computer programming courses, this book is an essential reference source for practitioners, researchers, computer science teachers, and students pursuing computer science.