Download or read book Understanding and controlling the hydrothermal growth process and the electronic properties of rutile TiO2 nanorods written by Julian Kalb and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a nontoxic, chemically stable, and frequently occurring material with various valuable electronic and optoelectronic properties titanium dioxide (TiO2) has great potential for innumerable applications. The broad range of properties and applications can even be extended by using nanostructured TiO2. In addition, nanostructured TiO2 systems offer a high surface area, single crystal structures, and shape related scattering facilities. In spite of intensive research on this material in the past, many properties which are essential for various applications are not yet understood or even controllable. In this book, fundamental questions of the growth mechanism, the position-controlled fabrication, and the optical and electronic properties of rutile TiO2 nanorods are discussed. At the beginning, the properties of TiO2 are listed in detail. Subsequently, the preparation of suitable seed layers for the hydrothermal growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods on various substrates is described in detail. A chapter dealing with the hydrothermal growth process itself explains the origin and importance of the fine structure in these rods. Furthermore, new low-cost and efficient lithography techniques such as a scanning probe and a laser-induced melting technique are introduced for the structured growth of these nanorods. The resulting superstructures are compared with those of conventional electron-beam lithography. In addition to a variety of possible applications of such structures, some aspects of their light scattering properties are discussed in this book. Finally, the electronic properties of these nanorods are presented and the influence of crystal defects on the bias and time-dependent transition current is described.

Download or read book Black Tio2 Nanomaterials For Energy Applications written by Xiaobo Chen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This book not only provides a fundamental technical background on black TiO2 and the synthesis of this material, it also covers state-of-the-art applications and will provide the reader with current information on property behavior and show the direction of the latest research for this interesting material for energy applications.'IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineThe transformation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials from white to black using disorder engineering has meant a dramatic increase in their performance in photocatalytic experiments. The efficiency with which black TiO2 nanomaterials can use sunlight to split water molecules for the production of hydrogen is significantly improved compared to using white crystals, and this pure hydrogen can then be used in batteries and fuels. The black TiO2 nanomaterials are also very promising in CO2 conversion, water treatment, and in air quality control.This book aims to present the recent progress on the research of black TiO2 nanomaterials, and how they can be used in a number of clean energy applications. The text covers a number of research topics, including the synthesis of black TiO2 nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires and nanotubes) and their properties, the effect of point defects and ordered/disordered morphology, the applications in charge storage and photoelectrochemical water splitting, use in lithium ion batteries and in microwave absorption. Also included is a theoretical analysis of this research, thereby providing a comprehensive review of the subject for students, researchers and practitioners in catalytic science, materials science, nanotechnology, green technology, and chemistry.

Download or read book Materials Science in Photocatalysis written by Elisa I. Garcia Lopez and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-15 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Science in Photocatalysis provides a complete overview of the different semiconductor materials, from titania to third-generation photocatalysts, examining the increasing complexity and novelty of the materials science in photocatalytic materials. The book describes the most recommended synthesis procedure for each of them and the suitable characterization techniques for determining the optical, structural, morphological, and physical-chemical properties. The most suitable applications of the photocatalysts are described in detail, as well as their environmental applications for wastewater treatment, gaseous effluents depollution, water splitting, CO2 ?xation, selective organic synthesis, coupling reactions, and other selective transformations under both UV light and visible-light irradiation. This book offers a useful reference for a wide audience from students studying chemical engineering and materials chemistry to experienced researchers working on chemical engineering, materials science, materials engineering, environment engineering, nanotechnology, and green chemistry. Includes a complete overview of the different semiconductor materials used as photocatalysts Describes methods of preparation and characterization of photocatalysts and their applications Examines new possibilities to prepare effective photocatalysts

Download or read book Innovation Communication and Engineering written by Teen-Hang Meen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Innovation, Communication and Engineering (ICICE 2013). This conference was organized by the China University of Petroleum (Huadong/East China) and the Taiwanese Institute of Knowledge Innovation, and was held in Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China, October 26 - November 1, 20

Download or read book TiO2 Nanoparticles written by Aiguo Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique book that summarizes the properties, toxicology, and biomedical applications of TiO2-based nanoparticles Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important for products used in our daily lives. Nanometer-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) are widely used in industry for different purposes, such as painting, sunscreen, printing, cosmetics, biomedicine, and so on. This book summarizes the advances of TiO2 based nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine, covering materials properties, toxicological research, and biomedical application, such as antibacter, biosensing, and cancer theranostics. It uniquely integrates the TiO2 applications from physical properties, toxicology to various biomedical applications, and includes black TiO2 based cancer theranostics. Beginning with a comprehensive introduction to the properties and applications of nanoparticles, TiO2 Nanoparticles: Applications in Nanobiotechnology, Theranostics and Nanomedicine offers chapters on: Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles; Antibacterial Applications of TiO2 Nanoparticles; Surface Enhanced Raman Spectrum of TiO2 Nanoparticle for Biosensing (TiO2 Nanoparticle Served as SERS Sensing Substrate); TiO2 as Inorganic Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy; Cancer Theranostics of Black TiO2 Nanoparticles; and Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnostics and Therapy of TiO2-Based Nanoparticles. This title: -Blends the physical properties, toxicology of TiO2 nanoparticles to the many biomedical applications -Includes black TiO2 based cancer theranostics in its coverage -Appeals to a broad audience of researchers in academia and industry working on nanomaterials-based biosensing, drug delivery, nanomedicine TiO2 Nanoparticles: Applications in Nanobiotechnology, Theranostics and Nanomedicine is an ideal book for medicinal chemists, analytical chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, toxicologists, and those in the pharmaceutical industry.

Download or read book Smart Ceramics written by Ajay Kumar Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for the development of new smart materials. The term "smart ceramics" refers to ceramic materials fabricated from ultrafine particles. They have attracted the attention of researchers and scientists thanks to their potential to manipulate the length scale in the nanorange, leading to better and some unusual material properties. Smart ceramics ensure control of particle size, surface contamination, and degree of agglomeration. They play a crucial role in challenging applications such as bone surgery (e.g., the development of substitutes for load-bearing bone parts) and in biomedical science, especially in tissue engineering, dental applications, and drug and antigen delivery using modified ceramics. Porous nanostructured ceramics have potential use in both simple and complex applications, such as bioimaging, sensors, paints and pigments, optics, and electronics, because of their surface- and size-dependent properties. For the synthesis of smart ceramics, the sol-gel route has been mainly utilized because of its ability to produce a large variety of compositions and to ensure homogeneous mixing of the constituent particles at low temperature. This book describes the innovations in technologies through the development of functionalized ceramic materials for various applications. It also describes recent and expected challenges, along with their potential solutions, in advanced techniques for the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured ceramics and their composites: bioceramics, bioactive ceramics, multifunctional nanoceramics, transparent ceramics, nanocore shells, nanowires, thin films, nanotubes, and nanorods. The applications include the environment, health care, electrochemical sensors, high-temperature superconductors, nuclear reactor fuels, electrical insulators, refractory materials, electrical transformers, and magnetic core memory. The book will benefit researchers, scientists, engineers, and technologists working in the industry and in national and international research laboratories; academics who are interested in traditional and advanced smart ceramic composites; and students pursuing their postgraduate, graduate, and undergraduate degrees in smart ceramics, nanomaterials, nanoscience, and engineering.

Download or read book Nano structured TiO2 And Applications To Energy Harvesting written by Chih-min Lin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dye-sensitized solar cells have been developed for two decades. However, the highest light-to-electricity power conversion efficiency still remains at ~11 percent based on TiO2 nanoparticle-thin film with thickness of over 10[mu]m for many years. One of the main issues for further enhancement of the power conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells, as the analyses of their parameters show, is the fundamental tradeoff between light-harvesting efficiency and the recombination rate in the photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells. How to develop a novel electrode to maintain a high light-harvesting efficiency and provide good charge transport properties remains a major issue. Three-dimensional (3-D) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoforests with a large surface area and high-electron transport properties have been successfully synthesized on transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate by using a unique multi-step hydrothermal synthesizing process. First, TiO2 nanorods with well-controlled density and length are grown on TCO glass substrate. TiO2 nanowires are then synthesized on TiO2 nanorods with another hydrothermal process. In comparison with previously reported one-dimensional (1-D) TiO2 nanorod arrays, TiO2 nanoforests offer a larger surface area for the same height, which is beneficial for achieving a higher-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The experimental results confirm that a conversion efficiency of 3.93 percent can be achieved with a 5.1[mu]m long TiO2 nanoforest-based DSSC. According to the previous research, electrons have better charge transport ability in anatase TiO2 than rutile TiO2. A novel method to grow single crystal anatase TiO2 nanowires was proposed. A bulk-like TiO2 thin film was deposited on transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate to act as a protective layer of TCO substrate and a starting material for hydrothermal synthesis in a strong alkaline solution (10M NaOH). After the hydrothermal process, Na2Ti3O7 nanowires were synthesized on TCO substrate. Single crystal anatase nanowires were successfully synthesized on TCO substrate after ion exchange and annealing. The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of DSSCs based on 2.2 [mu]m anatase nanowires reaches 5.2 percent, which was the highest efficiency of single crystal anatase TiO2 nanowire-based DSSCs realized in early 2012.

Download or read book Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology written by Ling Zang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the rapid growth of nanotechnology research and the potential impact of the growing energy crisis, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology provides comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge research in the energy-related fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which aim to improve energy efficiency and the generation of renewable energy. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology tightly correlates nanotechnology with energy issues in a general, comprehensive way that makes it not only suitable as a desk reference for research, but also as a knowledge resource for the non-expert general public. Readers will find Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology useful in a variety of ways, ranging from the creation of energy policy, to energy research development, and to education in nanotechnology and its application to energy-related problems. It can also be used as a primary or supplementary textbook for energy-related courses for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

Download or read book Composites for Environmental Engineering written by Shakeel Ahmed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composites are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. The two materials combine together to give a new material with higher strength, toughness, stiffness, but also a higher resistance to creep, corrosion, wear or fatigue compared to conventional materials. It is composed primarily of a matrix i.e. a continuous phase which is armoured with secondary discontinues reinforcement phase. These materials have been used in a variety of products viz. spacecrafts, sporting goods, catalyst, sensors, actuators, biomedical materials, batteries, cars, furniture, aircraft components, etc. This book focusses on processing, properties of various types of composite materials, as well as their environmental engineering applications. This book examines the current state of art, new challenges, and opportunities of composites in environmental engineering. The chapters in this book covers nearly every topic related to composites in environmental engineering in four broad perspectives: (i) classification of composites (ii) green/hybrid synthesis and characterization of nano and biocomposites (iii) processing of composite materials (iv) state-of–the-art in fabricating the composites - nano and biocomposites - for environmental applications.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-10-01 with total page 4061 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Four Volume Set comprehensively covers all renewable energy resources, including wind, solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal energy, and nuclear power, to name a few. In addition to covering the breadth of renewable energy resources at a fundamental level, this encyclopedia delves into the utilization and ideal applications of each resource and assesses them from environmental, economic, and policy standpoints. This book will serve as an ideal introduction to any renewable energy source for students, while also allowing them to learn about a topic in more depth and explore related topics, all in a single resource. Instructors, researchers, and industry professionals will also benefit from this comprehensive reference. Covers all renewable energy technologies in one comprehensive resource“/li> Details renewable energies’ processes, from production to utilization in a single encyclopedia Organizes topics into concise, consistently formatted chapters, perfect for readers who are new to the field Assesses economic challenges faced to implement each type of renewable energy Addresses the challenges of replacing fossil fuels with renewables and covers the environmental impacts of each renewable energy

Download or read book Environmentally Benign Photocatalysts written by Masakazu Anpo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, mankind has observed an unprecedented and remarkable growth in industry, resulting in a more prosperous lifestyle for peoples of many countries. In developing countries, however, explosive industrial growth is just now beginning to raise the living standards of the people. Most industries, especially in these developing countries, are still powered by the burning of fossil fuels; con- quently, a lack of clean energy resources has caused environmental pollution on an unprecedented large and global scale. Toxic wastes have been relentlessly released into the air and water leading to serious and devastating environmental and health problems while endangering the planet and life itself with the effects of global warming. To address these urgent environmental issues, new catalytic and photocatalytic processes as well as open-atmospheric systems are presently being developed that can operate at room temperature while being totally clean and ef?cient and thus environmentally harmonious. Essential to technologies harnessing the abundant solar energy that reaches the earth are the highly functional photocatalytic proce- es that can utilize not only UV light, but also visible light.

Download or read book Titanium Dioxide written by Dongfang Yang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide is currently being used in many industrial products. It provides unique photocatalytic properties for water splitting and purification, bacterial inactivation, and organics degradation. It has also been widely used as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells and coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, biomedical implants, and nanomedicine. This book covers various aspects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including their unique one-dimensional, two-dimensional, mesoporous, and hierarchical nanostructures and their synthetic methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, and electrophoretic deposition, as well as its key applications in environmental and energy sectors. Through these 24 chapters written by experts from the international scientific community, readers will have access to a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development findings on the titanium dioxide nanomaterials.

Download or read book TMS 2013 142nd Annual Meeting and Exhibition written by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting papers from the 2013 annual meeting of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), this volume covers developments in all aspects of high temperature electrochemistry, from the fundamental to the empirical and from the theoretical to the applied.

Download or read book Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology written by K. Byrappa and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one exceptionally useful, long-needed volume.The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. The book gives scientists and technologists an overview of the entire subject including: À Evolution of the technology from geology to widespread industrial use. À Descriptions of equipment used in the process and how it works.À Problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, environmental and safety issues.À Analysis of the direction of today's technology. In addition, readers get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes. Gives an overview of the evolution of Hydrothermal Technology from geology to widespread industrial use Describes the equipment used in the process and how it works Discusses problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, and environmental and safety issues

Download or read book Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Devices written by Seung H Ko and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface area has a directly relationship with the efficiency of energy devices. Hierarchical nanostructuring has the potential to greatly increase surface area, and their electrical properties are favourable, not only to energy generation and storage, but also energy-consuming electronic circuits. This book provides systematic coverage of how nanostructured materials can be applied to energy devices, with an emphasis on the process of generation to storage and consumption. The fundamentals (including properties, characterisation and synthesis) are clearly presented across the first chapters of the book, providing readers new to the field with a clear overview of this expanding topic. The detailed discussion of applications will be an inspiration to those already well-versed in the field. The editors have more than a decade of experience in working on all aspects of energy generation and storage - in academia, national laboratories and industry. The book presents a balanced view from all sectors and is presented in a format accessible by postgraduate students and professional researchers alike.

Download or read book Molecular Nanoelectronics written by Mark A. Reed and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: And Perspective 225 -- Acknowledgments 225 -- R eferences 225 -- Chapter 9. NANOPARTICLES: BUILDING BLOCKS -- For Functional Nanostructures -- Corey Radloff, Cristin E. Moran, Joseph B. Jackson, Naomi J Halas -- 1. Introduction 229 -- 2. Building Blocks 230 -- 2.1. Nonmetallic Nanoparticles 230 -- 2.2. Semiconductor Nanocrystals 235 -- 2.3. M etal N anoparticles 241 -- 3. Assembly and Deposition Methods 244 -- 3.1. N anoshells 244 -- 3.2. Two- and Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Assemblies 247 -- 3.3. Single-Particle Trapping and Manipulation 256 -- 4. A pplications 258 -- 4.1. Quantum Dot Corporation 258 -- 4.2. Nanospectra L.L.P 258 -- 4.3. SurroMed Incorporated 259 -- R eferences 259 -- Chapter 10. MOLECULAR- AND NANOCRYSTAL-BASED -- Photovoltaics -- Laura A. Swafford, Sandra J. Rosenthal -- 1. Introduction 263 -- 2. p-n Junction Silicon Solar Cells 264 -- 3. Photosynthesis: Nature's Solar Cell 266 -- 4. Molecular- and Nanomaterial-Based Photovoltaics 267 -- 4.1. Schottky Photodiodes 267 -- 4.2. Sandwich Heterojunction Photovoltaics 277 -- 4.3. Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaics 279 -- 5. Future Photovoltaics 284 -- 6. Concluding Remarks 286 -- Appendix: Photovoltaic Efficiencies 286 -- A .1. Lighting Conditions 286 -- A.2. Calculating Photovoltaic Efficiencies 287 -- Acknowledgments 287 -- R eferences 287 -- Chapter 11. ORGANIC THIN FILM TRANSISTORS -- Hagen Klauk, Thomas N. Jackson -- 1. Introduction 291 -- 2. Pushing the Limits 296 -- 3. Device Architectures 297 -- 4. Flexible Substrate Technology 297 -- 5. Gate Dielectrics 299 -- 6. Low-Cost Proc.

Download or read book Oxide Nanostructures written by Avanish Kumar Srivastava and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials, their synthesis, and property studies have been an obsession with modern current physicists, chemist, and materials scientists for their vast array of technological implications and the remarkable way their properties are modified or enhanced when the size dimensions are reduced to the realm of nanometers. Although nanomaterials, for