Download or read book Uitvoerig verslag written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Verslagen en Mededeelingen written by Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Maatschappij Belangen written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Buren in de koloniale tijd written by N.A. Bootsma and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-06 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In de koloniale periode werd het buitenlandse beleid van Nederland vanzelfsprekend in belangrijke mate bepaald door de belangen van Nederland-Indië. De betrekkingen met Engeland en de Verenigde Staten werden er verregaand, die met China, Japan en Australië zelfs uitsluitend door bepaald. “Het buitenland” was voor Indië zelf ook nog iets anders dan voor Nederland; Indië had zijn eigen buurladen. Daartoe behoorde ook die andere Maleise archipel, de Philippijnen. Na meer dan drie eeuwen deel uitgemaakt te hebben van het Spaanse wereldrijk werden de Philippijnen in het begin van de twintigste eeuw door de Verenigde Staten veroverd. De Amerikanen leverden daartoe een strijd met de Spanjaarden, maar meer nog met de in 1898 uitgeroepen Philippijne Republiek, die pas na drie jaar werd verslagen. De Verenigde Staten ontdekten vervolgens dat zij als het ware de sluitsteen vormden van de Europese koloniale overheersing in Zuidoost-Azië. Bij veel Amerikanen wekte dat weerzin, maar ook de voorstanders van het Philippijnse “avontuur” lieten herhaaldelijk uitkomen dat zij niet wilden worden gerekend tot de “koloniale club” van Engeland, Frankrijk en Nederland. In 1916 en 1934 zetten de Verenigde Staten, onder impuls van de Democratische Partij, de beslissende wetgevende stappen in de richting van Philippijnse onafhankelijkheid. Nederlands-Indië heeft veertig jaar met dit buurland zich langzaam uitbreidende betrekkingen onderhouden. Zij worden in dit boek op drie niveaus onderzocht: dat van de Nederlandse regering in Den Haag, de Indische regering in Batavia en de Indonesische nationalistische beweging. Dat gebeurt in het ruimere verband van de internationale verhoudingen, die vooral door Engeland met de Comminwealth, de Verenigde Staten en Japan werden bepaald. Deze studie behandelt als eerste de relatie tussen de Philippijnen en Nederlands-Indië en is het enige Nederlandstalige overzicht van het Amerikaanse bestuur van de Philippijnen. De auteur heeft hiertoe uitgebreid onderzoek verricht in Nederlandse, Amerikaanse en Engelse archieven.

Download or read book Geschiedenis Der Watergeuzen written by Abraham Pieter van Groningen and published by . This book was released on 1840 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Intensive Plantation Culture written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catholics in Indonesia 1808 1903 written by Karel Steenbrink and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-07-26 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first of two volumes documents the history of the Roman Catholic Church in Indonesia from 1808, when, after two centuries, priests were again allowed in the Dutch colony, until 1903, when the the number of Catholics, only 27,000 at the time, started to grow spectacularly. The story of slow growth among the indigenous population, with many setbacks, is illustrated by 98 documents, which are included in their complete format and original language (mostly Dutch). Half of the book contains a lenghty introduction in which the history of Catholic missionary effort is spelled out, with, of course, a lot of attention for the islands where the Catholic clergy was actively engaged in proselytizing. This introduction is the first survey in English on the subject.

Download or read book Regional Acidification Models written by Juha Kämäri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to provide meaningful information for evaluating environmental consequences of alternative control strategies of air pollutant emissions, scientists have recently initiated numerous studies aiming at collecting and making use of regional data. New kinds of mathematical models have been developed that no longer are calibrated just for individual stands or catchments but can be applied on a large regional scale. Such regional models and data were reviewed at a meeting" Models to describe the geographic extent and time evolution of acidification and air pollution damage", organized by the Finnjsh Research Project on Acidification (HAPRO), and held in Aulanko, Hiimeenlinna, Finland, July 5-8, 1988. This volume is based on the outcome of that meeting. The chapters of the volume are written by leading scientists in the field. The main objective of this volume is to discuss the potential of regional models to analyze the geographic extent of acidification as well as the environmental damage and the time evolution of:the responses of the environment. First, in Part I of the volume, sensitivity distributions of ecosystems, forest soils and surface waters are described. The focus of interest is therefore extended from the most sensitive ecosystems to sensitive and moderately sensitive parts of the environment. When formulating national and interna tional targets, it is of crucial importance to know the whole distribution of critical loads within the area, and not only the level the most sensitive ecosystem can tolerate.

Download or read book The Foreign Debt of English Literature written by Thomas George Tucker and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A just appreciation of any modern European literature is not to be derived from the study of that literature alone. Not one has grown up spontaneously and independently from the soil of the national genius. Some seeds at least have come from elsewhere. Often whole forms of writing have been transplanted bodily. We must particularly recognize these truths when dealing with English literature. The basis of the English mind is chiefly Teutonic, in some measure Celtic. If the English genius had been left to itself, to develop its spiritual and intellectual creations in its own way, English literature would have been a very different thing in both substance and form. But in reality English literary history is the story of the Teutonic and Celtic tendencies “corrected and clarified,” and the Teutonic and Celtic invention immensely assisted, by influences and ideas flowing in from other sources. There have been large ingraftings from other stocks, either partially kindred or altogether alien—from Greeks, Romans, Italians, French, Spaniards, Germans, as well as from Hebrews and other Orientals. All sound study is comparative. We must place other literatures beside our own, if we desire to appraise rightly our national genius, its capacities, and its creations. We find our English writers composing their works in certain forms, and giving expression to a certain range of ideas. How came they to employ these particular forms of creation? How did they arrive at these particular ideas? How is it with other nations? Have they built upon the same lines and with the same materials, or how is it with them? Have we borrowed from them, or they from us? If there have been borrowings, when and in what measure did they occur? Looking back over the changes of spirit and form which our poetry, for example, has undergone, we shall encourage altogether false notions of the causes of such changes, unless we see how, every now and then, a shower of new ideas, a stream of new light, has come in from abroad. Most readers know in some vague way that Chaucer avows or betrays his debts to France and Italy; that Shakespeare did not invent his own plots, but borrowed from Italians, from Plautus, from Plutarch, and others; that Milton was steeped in the Greek, Latin, and Italian classics. But we want to know more than this. We want to perceive with some definiteness how far the whole course of English literature has been enriched by tributary streams, and what sort of waters they brought. It would be instructive to draw a diagram of our literary history; to liken it to the course of a river, and to picture its various fountain-heads and tributaries pouring in their several quotas at their several times. In all modern literatures there is a large proportion which is unoriginal to them. Milton has been mentioned already. Those who read only English works find Milton full of nobility of thought and imagery. Yet, before Milton produced his greater poems, he had read, re-read, and deliberately steeped himself in, the literature of Greece, Rome, modern Italy, and France. Precisely how much of Milton is made up of Homer, Euripides, Virgil, Dante, Ariosto, and other predecessors, can only be known to such as have those authors at their finger-ends. Shelley, again, is commonly regarded as one of the most daringly original of English writers. Yet Shelley’s mind was an amalgam of himself, Homer, Euripides, Plato, Virgil, Dante, Calderon, Goethe; and this, once more, is but another way of saying that it had incorporated the genius of generations of Greeks, Romans, Spaniards, Italians, and Germans. We cannot therefore arrive at the true genius of Milton or of Shelley, or speak understandingly of their originality, until we have surveyed those other literatures and their relations with our own. Let us, indeed, claim with a proper national pride that the influence of English literature, of our Shakespeare, our Bacon, our Locke, our Byron, upon foreign writers has been profound. Her debt to modern literature has been repaid by England, and, at least in the influence of Shakespeare, more than repaid. But with that question we are not here concerned.

Download or read book The Silviculture of Trees Used in British Forestry 3rd Edition written by Peter S Savill and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: British woodlands and forests are often located on sites and in regions that are marginal for agriculture; many are at high elevations and exposed, with short growing seasons. Wherever forests are located, site and climatic conditions must dictate species choice in forest management. This book provides a detailed guide to the biological suitability of different sites and soils for all important native trees and the most extensively used exotics. Apart from physical difficulties such as steepness and stoniness, forest soils also frequently have problems associated with them. They can be waterlogged or drought-prone, suffer from extremes of acidity or alkalinity, or have compacted layers. The book provides information on species' suitability for different purposes. It includes details of species' origin and introduction (where applicable), as well as their climatic and soil requirements and other silvicultural characteristics. Information about provenance, yield and timber is also provided. Fully updated throughout, this 3rd edition puts more emphasis on species suitable for changing climatic conditions, with accounts of several species that may become more prominent in British forests: including several silver firs, hickories, eucalypts, spruces, poplars and wingnuts. The book concludes with simple keys for identifying the trees most likely to be encountered in British forests. It is an essential resource for students, researchers and forestry professionals.

Download or read book Magnesium Deficiency in Forest Ecosystems written by Reinhard F. Hüttl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: R. F. HUTTL AND W. SCHAAF Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus, Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation, P.O. Box 10 13 44, 03013 Cottbus, Germany The health status of forest trees and stands is determined by numerous site factors such as chemical, physical, and biological soil factors, water supply, climate, weather conditions, management history as well as atmospheric deposition impacts. In this context, the nutrient supply is an important evaluation parameter. Forest trees well supplied with nutrients are more resistant to stresses that affect the forest ecosystem than other trees. This is true for both biotic and abiotic influences. Therefore the investigation of the so-called 'new type forest damage' was aimed at the exact determination of the health status of damaged trees. When considering the complete forest ecosystem, health (=vitality) means the sustainable ability to withstand negative environmental influences and still remain stable and productive. From this viewpoint, an optimal nutritional status is a prerequisite for an optimal health status. The term 'new type forest damage' comprises a number of damage symptoms which have been observed in various tree species on very different sites since the mid-1970s, particularly in Europe and North America. However, they occurred much more intensively in the 1980s. Generally, this forest damage was thought to be related to negative impacts of air pollutants.

Download or read book Effects of Acid Rain on Forest Processes written by Douglas L. Godbold and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994-09-28 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed analysis of acidification effects on forest soil, rhizosphere and plant life and on the processes connecting them such as nutrient uptake and mineral cycling. Presents findings from the Solling project, an important long-term study on acid rain results in Germany's Black Forest, as well as other European forests which have experienced severe acid rain damage as a means of evaluating and predicting similar harm to U.S. forests.

Download or read book General Technical Report NC written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Populus written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forest Dynamics Growth and Yield written by Hans Pretzsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-19 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to improve the understanding of forest dynamics and the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. How do tree crowns, trees or entire forest stands respond to thinning in the long term? What effect do tree species mixtures and multi-layering have on the productivity and stability of trees, stands or forest enterprises? How do tree and stand growth respond to stress factors such as climate change or air pollution? Furthermore, in the event that one has acquired knowledge about the effects of thinning, mixture and stress, how can one make that knowledge applicable to decision-making in forestry practice? The experimental designs, analytical methods, general relationships and models for answering questions of this kind are the focus of this book. Given the structures dealt with, which range from plant organs to the tree, stand and enterprise levels, and the processes analysed in a time frame of days or months to decades or even centuries, this book is directed at all readers interested in trees, forest stands and forest ecosystems. This work has been compiled for students, scientists, lecturers, forest planners, forest managers, and consultants.

Download or read book Acid Atmospheric Deposition and its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems in The Netherlands written by G.J. Heij and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-05-09 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book begins with an overview of the research topics which were addressed in the three different phases of the Dutch Priority Program on Acidification (DPPA), executed between 1985 and 1994. This chapter is followed by a chapter which deals with the emissions of acidifying substances, the concentrations and the deposition to forest and nature conservation areas. Prognoses are given for the acid deposition in 2000 and 2010; the deposition in the countries surrounding the Netherlands is also mentioned. The differences in the results of the DPPA-II are analysed.The third chapter deals with the effects of exposure and load on forests. The chapter moves from small-scale to large-scale: first the effects in laboratory-scale studies are described, then the effects in the field, both at stand level and on a regional scale. In addition, the critical thresholds (critical level of concentration and critical load of deposition) are discussed.The fourth chapter covers terrestrial ecosystems (or parts thereof) as well as weakly buffered surface waters, springs and other streams. Critical levels and loads are also discussed. The most important results are given in chapter 5.In the appendices of the book, so-called umbrella theme reports on deposition, stand modelling and effects on forests are presented which describe in more detail the scientific work performed in the third phase of the DPPA.This book will be of interest to anyone involved in research related to acidification and eutrophication; i.e., not only those who perform the research in the causal chain from emissions to effects, but also policy-makers and students.

Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce written by Mark G. Tjoelker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise and comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and management of Norway spruce. Written by 25 experts in the field, and richly illustrated, it integrates classic and contemporary literature. More than 2000 works are cited in the text, which highlights basic research and forestry practices in central and Eastern Europe. The huge range of topics covered includes the species’ morphology, its physiology and nutrition, and its ecology.