Download or read book Two pulse X ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy at Linac Coherent Light Source written by Yanwen Sun and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly fully transversely coherent femtosecond x-ray pulses produced by x-ray free electron laser sources opened up the possibilities of direct measurement of atomic scale dynamics of complex systems at their native timescales. One area of particular interest is the investigation of noncrystalline matter such as liquids, glasses, amorphous and disordered systems, and holds the promises of unlocking the mysteries behind the glass transition, liquid-liquid phase transitions, fragile-to-strong transitions, etc. A primary methodology with the potential to extend dynamic light scattering to angstrom and femto- to nanosecond timescale is the so-called two-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) technique, where the dynamics of the scattering object are imprinted onto the fluctuations of coherent scattering intensity distribution. This dissertation focuses on the instrumentation and methodology of two-pulse XPCS, highlighting the challenges and efforts to establish it as a robust technique at x-ray free electron laser facilities towards measuring ultrafast dynamics in complex matter.
Download or read book Synchrotron Light Sources and Free Electron Lasers written by Eberhard J. Jaeschke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Download or read book Photon Beamlines and Diagnostics at LCLS written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the first hard-x-ray free electron laser in operation. The turn-on of LCLS was rapid and operation has been reliable. Performance has exceeded the design parameters in several areas. The photon energy output covers a range from 480 eV to over 9 keV; the pulse energy is typically 2-3 mJ, with a maximum of 4 mJ at 2 keV. Electron pulse lengths can be varied from 500 fs to shorter than 10 fs. A low-charge option at 20 pC is being explored, which delivers pulses shorter than 10 fs with a reduced pulse energy, typically around 0.2 mJ. On-demand, single-shot and multi-shot modes up to 60 Hz (planned is 120 Hz) can be made available. The photon diagnostics built for LCLS have been commissioned and provide measurements of various properties of the FEL beam, such as pulse energy, beam size and position, wavelength, and allows for intensity attenuation over the entire wavelength range. The two soft x-ray instruments, the Atomic Molecular and Optics (AMO) and Soft X-ray Material Science (SXR) stations, are fully operational and completed their second user run in mid September 2010. The third user run is scheduled from October to December 2010, and will include the first hard x-ray instrument X-ray Pump-and-Probe (XPP). Three additional hard x-ray stations will follow: CXI (Coherent X-ray Imaging) is planned to start commissioning in December 2010, the XCS (X-ray correlation spectroscopy) instrument will start in June 2011, and the station for Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) in 2012. A list of past and future milestones for LCLS commission and operations is shown in table 1. The LCLS hard x-ray Free Electron Laser at SLAC reported first lasing in April of 2009. Since then two successful user runs have been completed at the two soft x-ray stations. The first hard x-ray station has started commissioning in July of 2010. Beam diagnostics play an essential role for tuning the machine and delivering the requested beam properties to the users. An overview of the LCLS photon diagnostics will be presented including some selected commissioning results. Plans for future improvements and upgrades will be briefly discussed.
Download or read book Advances in Ultrafast Optics written by Fei He and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Advances in Ultrafast Optics".
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2016 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Velocimetry written by H. Cummins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the first Capri School on Photon Correlation Spectroscopy held in July 1973 and published earlier in this series (Series B: Physics v.3) a second Capri NATO Advanced Study Institute on this topic was held at the Hotei Luna from 26 July to 6 August 1976. This volume contains the invited lecture courses and seminars and some of the contributed seminars presented at this Institute. Much had happened in the field in the intervening three years and it was the intention of the Organising Committee to build on the previous courses • without detailed repetition of fundamentals. and to extend the coverage widely over the use of photon-correla tion methods for the temporal or spectral analysis of fluctuating light sources. In particular, the rapid expansion of these methods for the measurement of macroscopic motion by Laser Doppler Veloci metry was given special emphasis as is indicated in the title. The members of the Organizing Committee were: E R Pike, RSRE, Malvern, UK } _ Co-directors H Z Cummins, CCNY, New York, USA M Bertolotti, University of Rome, Italy - Local Organiser P Pusey, RSRE, Malvern, UK - Treasurer V DeGiorgio, CISE, Milan, Italy P Lallemand, ENS, Paris, France Pierre de Gennes assisted the Committee during the planning of the Institute but was unfortunately prevented at the last minute from attending.
Download or read book X Ray Free Electron Laser written by Kiyoshi Ueda and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "X-Ray Free-Electron Laser" that was published in Applied Sciences
Download or read book Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Velocimetry written by H. Cummins and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attosecond and XUV Physics written by Thomas Schultz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides fundamental knowledge in the fields of attosecond science and free electron lasers, based on the insight that the further development of both disciplines can greatly benefit from mutual exposure and interaction between the two communities. With respect to the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter, it covers ultrafast lasers, high-harmonic generation, attosecond pulse generation and characterization. Other chapters review strong-field physics, free electron lasers and experimental instrumentation. Written in an easy accessible style, the book is aimed at graduate and postgraduate students so as to support the scientific training of early stage researchers in this emerging field. Special emphasis is placed on the practical approach of building experiments, allowing young researchers to develop a wide range of scientific skills in order to accelerate the development of spectroscopic techniques and their implementation in scientific experiments. The editors are managers of a research network devoted to the education of young scientists, and this book idea is based on a summer school organized by the ATTOFEL network.
Download or read book Photon Correlation and Light Beating Spectroscopy written by H. Cummins and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soft Matter Characterization written by Redouane Borsali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-28 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2-volume set includes extensive discussions of scattering techniques (light, neutron and X-ray) and related fluctuation and grating techniques that are at the forefront of this field. Most of the scattering techniques are Fourier space techniques. Recent advances have seen the development of powerful direct imaging methods such as atomic force microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. In addition, techniques that can be used to manipulate soft matter on the nanometer scale are also in rapid development. These include the scanning probe microscopy technique mentioned above as well as optical and magnetic tweezers.
Download or read book Fundamental Concepts in Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jens K. Nørskov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on a graduate course and suitable as a primer for any newcomer to the field, this book is a detailed introduction to the experimental and computational methods that are used to study how solid surfaces act as catalysts. Features include: First comprehensive description of modern theory of heterogeneous catalysis Basis for understanding and designing experiments in the field Allows reader to understand catalyst design principles Introduction to important elements of energy transformation technology Test driven at Stanford University over several semesters
Download or read book Magnetism and Accelerator Based Light Sources written by Hervé Bulou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book collects the contributions of the seventh school on Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation held in Mittelwihr, France, from 7 to 12 October 2018. It starts with an introduction to the physics of modern X-ray sources followed by a general overview of magnetism. Next, light / matter interaction in the X-ray range is covered with emphasis on different types of angular dependence of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering. In the end, two domains where synchrotron radiation-based techniques led to new insights in condensed matter physics, namely spintronics and superconductivity, are discussed. The book is intended for advanced students and researchers to get acquaintance with the basic knowledge of X-ray light sources and to step into synchrotron-based techniques for magnetic studies in condensed matter physics or chemistry.
Download or read book Dynamical Heterogeneities in Glasses Colloids and Granular Media written by Ludovic Berthier and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the solid materials we use in everyday life, from plastics to cosmetic gels exist under a non-crystalline, amorphous form: they are glasses. Yet, we are still seeking a fundamental explanation as to what glasses really are and to why they form. In this book, we survey the most recent theoretical and experimental research dealing with glassy physics, from molecular to colloidal glasses and granular media. Leading experts in this field present broad and original perspectives on one of the deepest mysteries of condensed matter physics, with an emphasis on the key role played by heterogeneities in the dynamics of glassiness.
Download or read book Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena written by J.C. Dainty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts
Download or read book Photon Correlation and Light Beating Spectroscopy written by Herman Z. Cummins and published by Springer. This book was released on 1974-03 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
