Download or read book Transport Control Protocol TCP Over Optical Burst Switched Networks written by Basem Shihada and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is the dominant protocol in modern communication networks, in which the issues of reliability, flow, and congestion control must be handled efficiently. This thesis studies the impact of the next-generation bufferless optical burst-switched (OBS) networks on the performance of TCP congestion-control implementations (i.e., dropping-based, explicit-notification-based, and delay-based). The burst contention phenomenon caused by the buffer-less nature of OBS occurs randomly and has a negative impact on dropping-based TCP since it causes a false indication of network congestion that leads to improper reaction on a burst drop event. In this thesis we study the impact of these random burst losses on dropping-based TCP throughput. We introduce a novel congestion control scheme for TCP over OBS networks, called Statistical Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (SAIMD). SAIMD maintains and analyzes a number of previous round trip times (RTTs) at the TCP senders in order to identify the confidence with which a packet-loss event is due to network congestion. The confidence is derived by positioning short-term RTT in the spectrum of long-term historical RTTs. The derived confidence corresponding to the packet loss is then taken in to account by the policy developed for TCP congestion-window adjustment. For explicit-notification TCP, we propose a new TCP implementation over OBS networks, called TCP with Explicit Burst Loss Contention Notification (TCP-BCL). We examine the throughput performance of a number of representative TCP implementations over OBS networks, and analyze the TCP performance degradation due to the misinterpretation of timeout and packet-loss events. We also demonstrate that the proposed TCP-BCL scheme can counter the negative effect of OBS burst losses and is superior to conventional TCP architectures in OBS networks. For delay-based TCP, we observe that this type of TCP implementation cannot detect network congestion when deployed over typical OBS networks since RTT fluctuations are minor. Also, delay-based TCP can suffer from falsely detecting network congestion when the underlying OBS network provides burst retransmission and/or deflection. Due to the fact that burst retransmission and deflection schemes introduce additional delays for bursts that are retransmitted or deflected, TCP cannot determine whether this sudden delay is due to network congestion or simply to burst recovery at the OBS layer. In this thesis we study the behaviour of delay-based TCP Vegas over OBS networks, and propose a version of threshold-based TCP Vegas that is suitable for the characteristics of OBS networks. The threshold-based TCP Vegas is able to distinguish increases in packet delay due to network congestion from burst contention at low traffic loads. The evolution of OBS technology is highly coupled with its ability to support upper-layer applications. Without fully understanding the burst transmission behaviour and the associated impact on the TCP congestion-control mechanism, it will be difficult to exploit the advantages of OBS networks fully.

Download or read book An Analytical Approach to Optical Burst Switched Networks written by T. Venkatesh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art results on modeling and analysis of OBS networks. It provides researchers with new directions for future research and helps them gain a better understanding of modeling OBS networks. This book classifies all the literature on modeling and analysis of OBS networks and serves as a thought provoking material for the researchers working on the analysis of high-speed networks. The scope of this book however is not limited to OBS networks alone but extends to high-speed communication networks with limited or no buffers.

Download or read book Packet Loss Reduction in Optical Burst Switched Networks OBS written by Aruna Soule and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optical Burst Switched Networks written by Jason P. Jue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Next-generation high-speed Internet backbone networks will be required to support a broad range of emerging applications which may not only require significant bandwidth, but may also have strict quality of service (QoS) requirements. Furthermore, the traffic from such applications are expected to be highly bursty in nature. For such traffic, the allocation of static fixed-bandwidth circuits may lead to the over-provisioning of bandwidth resources in order to meet QoS requirements. Optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising new technique which attempts to address the problem of efficiently allocating resources for bursty traffic. In OBS, incoming data is assembled into bursts at the edges of the network, and when the burst is ready to be sent, resources in the network are reserved only for the duration of the burst. The reservation of resources is typically made by an out-of-band one-way control message which precedes the burst by some offset time. By reserving resources only for the duration of the burst, a greater degree of utilization may be achieved in the network. This book provides an overview of optical burst switching. Design and research issues involved in the development of OBS networks are discussed, and approaches to providing QoS in OBS networks are presented. Topics include: - Optical burst switching node and network architectures - Burst assembly - Signaling protocols - Contention resolution - Burst scheduling - Quality of service in OBS networks

Download or read book Enabling Optical Internet with Advanced Network Technologies written by Javier Aracil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-20 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview of IP over WDM technologies, as seen by a group of experts participating in the e-Photon/ONeC and BONE Networks of Excellence funded within the VIth and VIIth Research Framework Programmes (FP6 and FP7) of the European Union. Both Networks of Excellence are aimed at the integration of research teams active on optical networks at a pan-European level, with the creation of virtual centers of excellence in optical networks, te- nologies, and services. The working groups on optical core networks gathered about a 100 researchers from more than 20 universities and research institutions in Europe. The multifaceted viewpoints available in this community on the current state and future evolution of large WDM networking infrastructures are reported in this book. The book is organized in chapters, with chapter editors, listed on pp–, having the responsibility to collect and harmonize contributions by different - search groups. The whole work was made possible by the coordination efforts of Javier Aracil and Franco Callegati, leaders, at the time when the book writing was begun, of the working groups on optical core networks and on optical burst swit- ing in e-Photon/ONeC. We are thankful to them for their efforts. We hope that this manuscript will serve as a valuable reference for students and practitioners in the ?eld of optical networking.

Download or read book Transport Layer Protocol Design Over Flow switched Data Networks written by Henna Priscilla Huang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we explore transport layer protocol design for an optical flow-switched network. The objective of the protocol design is to guarantee the reliable delivery of data files over an all-optical end-to- end flow-switched network which is modeled as a burst-error channel. We observe that Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is not best suited for Optical Flow-Switching (OFS). Specifically, flow control and fair resource allocation through windowing in TCP are unnecessary in an OFS network. Moreover TCP has poor throughput and delay performance at high transfer rates due to window flow control and window closing with missing or dropped packets. In OFS, flows are scheduled and congestion control is performed by a scheduling algorithm. Thus, we focus on defining a more efficient transport protocol for optical flow-switched networks that is neither a modification of TCP nor derived from TCP. The main contribution of this work is to optimize the throughput and delay performance of OFS using file segmentation and reassembly, forward error-correction (FEC), and frame retransmission. We analyze the throughput and delay performance of four example transport layer protocols: the Simple Transport Protocol (STP), the Simple Transport Protocol with Interleaving (STPI), the Transport Protocol with Framing (TPF) and the Transport Protocol with Framing and Interleaving (TPFI). First, we show that a transport layer protocol without file segmentation and without interleaving and FEC (STP) results in poor throughput and delay performance and is not well suited for OFS. Instead, we found that interleaving across a large file (STPI) results in the best theoretical delay performance, though the large code lengths and interleaver sizes in this scheme will be hard to implement. Also, in the unlikely case that a file experiences an uncorrectable error, STPI requires extra network resources equal to that of an entire transaction for file retransmission and adds to the delay of the transaction significantly. For the above reason, we propose the segmentation of a file into large frames combined with FEC, interleaving, and retransmission of erroneous frames (TPFI) as the protocol of choice for an OFS network. In TPFI, interleaving combined with FEC and frame retransmission allows a file to be segmented into large frames (>100 Mbits). In addition, TPFI also allows for fewer processing and file segmentation and reassembly overhead compared with a transport layer protocol that does not include interleaving and FEC (TPF).

Download or read book Optical Network Design and Modeling written by Ioannis Tomkos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-07-21 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International IFIP-TC6 Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, ONDM 2007, held in Athens, Greece, in May 2007. The 41 revised full papers presented together with 14 invited papers address all recent advances in the design, modeling and implementation of optical networks.

Download or read book Future Wireless and Optical Networks written by Shengming Jiang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the challenges of all-optical and wireless networks for the future Internet, with a focus on cross-layer design and optimization. Features: presents a thorough introduction to major networking modes and their effect on Internet development; proposes a new structure favorable for all-optical packet switching; discusses a new quality of service (QoS) provisioning approach, which overcomes the scalability problem of IntServ and the coarse QoS granularity of DiffServ; describes the end-to-end arguments in Internet design, before investigating a solution to congestion control problems in multi-hop wireless and all-optical networks; examines how to exploit multiple-input-multiple-output technology to improve network performance in centralized wireless networks; surveys green networking strategies from a quantitative perspective; suggests a strategic vision for possible developments of network technology for the future Internet.

Download or read book Packet Loss Models of the Transmission Control Protocol written by Kaiyu Zhou and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Packet Loss Models of the Transmission Control Protocol" by Kaiyu, Zhou, 周開宇, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: ABSTRACT Despite the considerable research efforts on building analytical models to evaluate and improve our understanding on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) dynamics, we find that the previous studies have two main deficiencies. Firstly, none of the work gives sufficient treatment to TCP slow-start, although almost all of them have shown that retransmission timeouts are common. Secondly, the causes of retransmission timeout are not analyzed with sufficient details, although timeouts greatly degrade TCP performance. In this thesis, three widely adopted TCP implementations, Reno, New-reno, and Sack, are modelled under two popular packet loss models, the bursty loss model and the independent loss model. The bursty loss model is designed to capture the loss characteristics of Drop-Tail routers, whereas the independent loss model is for Active Queue Management (AQM) routers. To address the two deficiencies identified above, we propose an analytical framework that enables the study of all TCP congestion control mechanisms, namely, slow-start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, fast recovery, and retransmission timeout. The probability that a timeout occurs is then modelled by conditioning on the different timeout events following a loss. By analyzing the congestion window evolution, the TCP steady state throughput is derived. Based on the same analytical framework, we also study TCP performance in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. Being a promising backbone technology for the future Internet, OBS networks are characterized by the assembly of multiple IP packets into a single burst, and the switching of bursts through a bufferless core. Due to the nature of one-way resource II reservation, bursts suffer from a relatively high loss probability (due to reservation failure). In addition to the study of different timeout events of TCP over OBS networks, the assembly/de-assembly mechanisms under the random burst loss model are analyzed in this thesis. In OBS networks, due to the loss of multiple IP packets in a single burst, TCP suffers the False Timeout (FTO) problem. To solve FTO, we propose a simple but effective mechanism, Interleaved Traffic Splitting (ITS). ITS requires only modifications to the assembly/de-assembly mechanisms implemented at edge OBS routers. At an ingress OBS router, packets from a TCP flow are split into multiple bursts, interleaving with packets from other flows. Through such a parallel assembly process, the number of packets from the same window of data and assembled into the same burst is reduced. We show that TCP throughput can be significantly improved with ITS. We also show that splitting and merging using two parallel bursts generally performs better than adopting more bursts. Although we show that the analytical models adopted by TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) are problematic, its analytical results match quite well with experimental results. This contradiction motivates us to validate the usage of packet loss models. Our investigation confirms that adopting the independent packet loss model under AQM is generally accurate. But the use of the bursty loss model under Drop-Tail is problematic, because no evidence of high correlation between losses can be found with simulations. This shows that the accuracy of the TFRC models is due to error cancellation between their TCP model and the packet loss model. III DOI: 10.5353/th_b3687317 Subjects:

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Vincent W.S. Chan and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present-day networks are being challenged by dramatic increases in data rate demands of emerging applications. New network architectures for streaming/routing large “elephant” transactions will be needed for cost and power efficiencies. This chapter examines a number of possible optical network transport mechanisms: optical packet switching, burst switching, and flow switching and describes the necessary physical layer, routing, and transport layers architectures for these transport mechanisms. Performance comparisons are made based on capacity utilization, scalability, costs, and power consumption. A global-reach network architecture, incorporating optical flow switching, will provide significant lower cost and power consumption for large transactions. This transport mechanism will necessitate physical, media access control, routing, and transport layers and control plane architecture changes over the current Internet architecture and must co-exist with traditional TCP/IP electronic packet switching transport in the same optical network. Scalability in network management and control and session scheduling is identified as the most important driver in the architecture construct. The physical architecture coupled with a matched media access control protocol can help slow down the control plane and still can operate the network with highly dynamic sessions and at high efficiency which is critical for low cost and low power operations. For intra-data center networks when the network bandwidth is not as challenged as a wide area network some form of burst switching can be advantageous if fast light-weight protocols are needed albeit the network must be used at light occupancy for low collision probabilities.

Download or read book Multi layer Loss Recovery to Improve TCP Performance Over Optical Burst switched OBS Networks written by Rajesh R. C. Bikram and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quality of Service in Optical Burst Switched Networks written by Kee Chaing Chua and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-24 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Burst Switching (OBS) offers a promising switching technique to support huge bandwidth requirements in optical backbone networks that use Wavelength Division Multiplexing. This book details the quality of service (QoS) issue in OBS networks. It examines the basic mechanisms to improve overall QoS in OBS networks as well as discusses the relative QoS differentiation among multiple service classes in OBS networks. Coverage also details absolute QoS provisioning in OBS networks, end-to-end QoS provisioning in OBS networks, and some non-mainstream research issues and future research directions in OBS networks.

Download or read book IP over WDM written by Sudhir Dixit and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-07-26 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key technology to delivering maximum bandwidth over networks is Dense Wave-length Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Describes in detail how DWDM works and how to implement a range of transmission protocols Covers device considerations, the pros and cons of various network layer protocols, and quality of service (QoS) issues The authors are leading experts in this field and provide real-world implementation examples First book to describe the interplay between the physical and IP (Internet Protocol) layers in optical networks

Download or read book Optical Burst Switched Networks written by Jason P. Jue and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Next-generation high-speed Internet backbone networks will be required to support a broad range of emerging applications which may not only require significant bandwidth, but may also have strict quality of service (QoS) requirements. Furthermore, the traffic from such applications are expected to be highly bursty in nature. For such traffic, the allocation of static fixed-bandwidth circuits may lead to the over-provisioning of bandwidth resources in order to meet QoS requirements. Optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising new technique which attempts to address the problem of efficiently allocating resources for bursty traffic. In OBS, incoming data is assembled into bursts at the edges of the network, and when the burst is ready to be sent, resources in the network are reserved only for the duration of the burst. The reservation of resources is typically made by an out-of-band one-way control message which precedes the burst by some offset time. By reserving resources only for the duration of the burst, a greater degree of utilization may be achieved in the network. This book provides an overview of optical burst switching. Design and research issues involved in the development of OBS networks are discussed, and approaches to providing QoS in OBS networks are presented. Topics include: - Optical burst switching node and network architectures - Burst assembly - Signaling protocols - Contention resolution - Burst scheduling - Quality of service in OBS networks

Download or read book Graphs and Algorithms in Communication Networks written by Arie Koster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithmic discrete mathematics plays a key role in the development of information and communication technologies, and methods that arise in computer science, mathematics and operations research – in particular in algorithms, computational complexity, distributed computing and optimization – are vital to modern services such as mobile telephony, online banking and VoIP. This book examines communication networking from a mathematical viewpoint. The contributing authors took part in the European COST action 293 – a four-year program of multidisciplinary research on this subject. In this book they offer introductory overviews and state-of-the-art assessments of current and future research in the fields of broadband, optical, wireless and ad hoc networks. Particular topics of interest are design, optimization, robustness and energy consumption. The book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the areas of networking, theoretical computer science, operations research, distributed computing and mathematics.

Download or read book Enabling Optical Internet with Advanced Network Technologies written by Javier Aracil and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview of IP over WDM technologies, as seen by a group of experts participating in the e-Photon/ONeC and BONE Networks of Excellence funded within the VIth and VIIth Research Framework Programmes (FP6 and FP7) of the European Union. Both Networks of Excellence are aimed at the integration of research teams active on optical networks at a pan-European level, with the creation of virtual centers of excellence in optical networks, te- nologies, and services. The working groups on optical core networks gathered about a 100 researchers from more than 20 universities and research institutions in Europe. The multifaceted viewpoints available in this community on the current state and future evolution of large WDM networking infrastructures are reported in this book. The book is organized in chapters, with chapter editors, listed on pp–, having the responsibility to collect and harmonize contributions by different - search groups. The whole work was made possible by the coordination efforts of Javier Aracil and Franco Callegati, leaders, at the time when the book writing was begun, of the working groups on optical core networks and on optical burst swit- ing in e-Photon/ONeC. We are thankful to them for their efforts. We hope that this manuscript will serve as a valuable reference for students and practitioners in the ?eld of optical networking.

Download or read book Network Architectures Management and Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: