Download or read book Trade policies Macroecononomic Adjustment and Manufacrured Exports written by Sarath Rajapatirana and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Policies Macroeconomic Adjustment and Manufactured Exports written by Sarath Rajapatirana and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author examines the relationship between trade policies and macroeconomic adjustment in six Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. For the period 1965-94, the six countries experienced 26 trade policy episodes: 11 tightening, and 15 loosening of trade policies. For the analysis, the author worked with four periods that coincided with different prevailing exchange rate regimes: 1965-73, 1974-79, 1980-83 and 1984-04. Using a probit model, he examined the relationship between tightening and loosening trade policies and the current account balance, the exchange rate, and the growth in manufactured exports. His main conclusions: 1) experience in these six countries for 1965-94 confirmed the hypothesis that trade restrictions cannot solve current account problems; 2) for trade liberalization to work, there must be real devaluation either before or during liberalization. Reluctance to devalue, for one reason or another, may lead to trade restrictions. There is evidence that trade restrictions were used in lieu of devaluations during 1965-83. In 1984-94, however, the reluctance to devalue was overcome; 3) growth in manufactured exports helps maintain trade reform and release the economy from foreign exchange constraints. As expected, trade liberalization improved exports (liberalization reduces the bias against exports) while trade tightening hurt them; and 4) The impact of trade reform on the fiscal system cannot be predicted because tax revenues can go in either direction depending on initial conditions, the elasticity of supply in importable and exportable sectors, and the economy's growth rate.
Download or read book Comparative Advantage Trade Policy and Economic Development written by Bela Balassa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Trade Policy and Global Growth written by Robert A. Blecker and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1996 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays offers critical perspectives on current issues in the international economy. Divided into four parts, U.S. Trade Policy and Global Growth discusses managed trade and international interdependence, the effect of trade on domestic wages and employment, the costs and benefits of trade protection, and likely effects of NAFTA. The collection also addresses the U.S. trade deficit and presents a Keynesian proposal for international monetary reform. Part IV focuses on issues facing developing countries in the areas of trade, industrial, and financial policy. Rejecting the dogma that pure free-market policies should be accepted as articles of religious faith, in either international trade or domestic policy, the contributors search for trade and macro policies that can achieve balanced growth with high employment and an equitable distribution of income in both the United States and the rest of the world.
Download or read book Trade Agreements written by James K. Jackson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background; (2) An Overview of the Major Agreements: Multilateral Agreements; Regional Trade Agreements; Completed Bilateral Trade Agreements; Signed Bilateral Trade Agreements Requiring Congressional Approval; Pending Bilateral Trade Agreements; (3) Trade Liberalization and the Gains From Trade: Production Gains; Adjustment Costs; Consumption Gains; Economic Growth; (4) Estimating the Economic Impact of Trade Agreements: Overview; The Michigan Model and Estimates; Investment and Capital Flows; Data on Barriers to Trade in Services; (5) Implications for Congress. Charts and tables.
Download or read book The Structure and Evolution of Recent U S Trade Policy written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trade policies addressed in this book have far-reaching effects on the world's increasingly interdependent economies, but until now little research has been devoted to them. This volume represents the first systematic effort to analyze specific U.S. trade policies, particularly nontariff measures. It provides a better understanding of how trade policies operate, how effective they are, and what their costs and benefits are to trading nations. The contributors chart the history of U.S. trade policy since World War II, analyze industry-specific trade barriers, and discuss the effects of tariff preferences and export-promoting policies such as export credits and domestic international sales corporations (DISCs). The final section of essays examines the worldwide impact of import policies, pointing out subtleties in industry-specific policies and providing insight into the levels of protection in developing countries. The contributors blend state-of-the-art economics with language that is accessible to the business community, economists, and policymakers. Commentaries accompany each paper.
Download or read book Trade Policy and Industrialization in Turbulent Times written by Gerry Helleiner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between trade policy and industrialization has provoked much controversy. Can trade policy promote economic growth in developing countries? Those actively working in the area are becoming increasingly sceptical about the conventional advice given by international policy advisors and organizations. This volume builds upon earlier theoretical and empirical research on trade policy and industrialization but is the first cross-the-board attempt to review developing country experiences in this realm for twenty years. The experience of fourteen developing countries in the 1970s and 1980s is assessed by the contributors, each of whom have a detailed understanding of their country's recent experience.
Download or read book Foreign Trade Reforms and Development Strategy written by Jean-Marc Fontaine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-07-27 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An effective rebuttal to the orthodox view that developing countries should liberalise their trade policies. The contributors consider both the theoretical framework and the empirical evidence.
Download or read book Trade and Growth written by Manuel Agosin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A re-examination of the role of trade policy in development strategies through analyses and five country studies of semi-industrialized economies, this book shows that sustained growth performance is associated with policies geared to the creation of competitiveness in new sectors, rather than to the exploitation of current comparative advantages. This has required selectivity in trade policy and an activist exchange rate policy. The book also places the current trade policy debates in the context of the international policy environment that is emerging in an increasingly globalized world economy.
Download or read book Best Practices in Trade Policy Reform written by Vinod Thomas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was recognized by many developing countries in the 1980s that integration with the global economy is necessary for economic development and technological progress. Efforts to liberalize trade were controversial. A unique body of evidence on developing country trade liberalization will examine why outcomes have varied from one country to another. The political economy of trade liberalization and the interaction among trade and domestic reform, macro-economic stability, and export development is examined using: (a) cross-sectional data, (b) country studies, (c) and interviews. The sequencing of reforms and implications for multilateral trade negotiations, foreign direct investment, and regional integration schemes is an additional consideration. The emphasis is on practical problems-economic and political-and recommendations of how policies can be designed and implemented to yield stronger and more sustainable results.
Download or read book Trade and Inclusive Growth written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper surveys the literature on the relationship between international trade and inclusive growth. It examines claims that the rise in inequality in many countries can be attributed to the concurrent rise in trade competition, especially from EMEs like China, spurring trade tensions and protectionist measures. The paper investigates the conflicting literature showing the aggregate benefits of trade versus the adverse and persistent impact of trade, especially import competition, on specific industries and local communities. The paper then reviews the evidence for using trade policies and other complementary policies for adjustment and compensation to those groups adversely affected by trade.
Download or read book Does What You Export Matter written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.
Download or read book U S International Trade in Goods and Services written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Macroeconomic Conditions and Trade Liberalization written by Adolfo Canitrot and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating VAT Pass Through written by Ms.Dora Benedek and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the pass through of VAT changes to consumer prices, using a unique dataset providing disaggregated, monthly data on prices and VAT rates for 17 Eurozone countries over 1999-2013. Pass through is much less than full on average, and differs markedly across types of VAT change. For changes in the standard rate, for instance, final pass through is about 100 percent; for reduced rates it is significantly less, at around 30 percent; and for reclassifications it is essentially zero. We also find: differing dynamics of pass through for durables and non-durables; no significant difference in pass through between rate increases and decreases; signs of non-monotonicity in the relationship between pass through and the breadth of the consumption base affected; and indications of significant anticipation effects together with some evidence of lagged effects in the two years around reform. The results are robust against endogeneity and attenuation bias.
Download or read book Exports Inflation and Growth written by Thorvaldur Gylfason and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies some of the main determinants of exports and economic growth in cross-sectional data from the World Bank, covering 160 countries in the period 1985-1994. First, the linkages between the propensity to export and population, per capita income, agriculture, primary exports, and inflation are studied by statistical methods. Then, the relationship between economic growth and some of the above-mentioned determinants of exports and investment are scrutinized the same way. The main conclusion is that, in the period under review, high inflation and an abundance of natural resources tended to be associated with low exports and slow growth.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
