Download or read book Three Essays on Korean Economic Growth written by Youngsang Yoo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Macroeconomic Theory written by Heegab Choi and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Transmission of the Korean Financial Crisis to the Real Sector written by Jong Hun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify the prominent channels through which financial decisions are transmitted to real economic activities with three different empirical studies. The first essay examines investment behavior and the effects of financing constraints among Korean manufacturing firms before and after the 1997 financial crisis using a firm-level panel data. The results indicate that investment depends on both sales and the level of cash balances. Firms' financing constraints, as measured by their cash balances, turn out to be binding in financially "weaker" groups such as younger firms and those with lower dividend payouts. The second essay identifies the role of non-monetary factors using a methodology similar to Bernanke's (1983) study of the Great Depression in the United States. We find that increases in the spread between market interest rates and government bond yields, which is a measure of the cost of credit intermediation, whether caused by shifts in business risk or lowered expectations for the Korean economy among international investors, explain the decline in output more fully than frameworks relying only on a fall in the real stock of money. The results, obtained from structural regression equations, unrestricted vector autoregressive systems, and the accompanying dynamic forecasts, suggest that the causes of the crisis lie in factors far deeper than shifts in precautionary and speculative demands for the won. We also find that the credit crunch following the crisis affected light industry more emphatically than heavy industry. The third essay examines the impact of financial factors on economic growth in several East Asian countries using macroeconomic panel data and various estimation techniques. The dynamic panel vector autoregressive analysis shows that growth in these countries was to some extent "finance-led." We do not find that the relationship between finance and growth differs between the four countries that experienced crises (Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and Thailand) and the other countries that did not. The results suggest that we may not be able to blame the financial sector solely as the main trigger of the economic crisis. While these essays focus on the 1997 East Asian crisis, and may give more attention on the Korean episode, we believe that they shed light on financial and economic developments more generally since the crisis could happen to any country, especially when they are on a path to having more developed and internationally open economies.

Download or read book Three Essays on Industrial Policy Income Inequality and Economic Development A Case Study of South Korea written by Chul Kyoo Joseph Jung and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the relationship between the state's intervention of a different nature - industrial policy and pro-competitive reforms - and income inequality dynamics, using the Korea's heavy and chemical industry promotion during the 1970s and the pro-competitive reforms (1998-2000) as a case study. Chapter 2 focuses on the HCI promotion period (1973-1979) and investigates the impact of the state's selective industrial policy on sectoral economy, income distribution, and sectoral capacity utilization. The study finds that while industrial policy has a positive effect on capacity utilization in both targeted and non-targeted sectors, increased market power of firms in targeted industries significantly reduces the effectiveness of the state's intervention. The study also shows that the industrial policy regime is vulnerable to external shocks, such as an oil price shock. These negative effects can lead the economy to stagnation and thus excess capacity problems due to the reduced effective demand and over-investment in targeted sectors. Chapter 3 examines the association between heavy and chemical industry (HCI) promotion drive (1973-1979) and arguably the first income inequality hike in the history of Korea's economic development. Using an agent-based model (ABM) in which aggregate events emerge from the rich interactions of heterogeneous agents in the markets, this chapter shows how industrial policy that favours particular firms or industry sectors generates income inequality as well as a highly skewed income distribution among different income groups. The study highlights income inequality dynamics with special reference to the effect of preferential interest rates and discriminated access to credit markets among firms. The simulation shows the preferential interest rates for large firms in terms of asset size give a major impetus to the dramatic income inequality spike, compared to that of baseline regime (in the absence of preferential rate). Chapter 4 focuses on the impact of pro-competitive reforms on the market power and labour share of firms' value added during financial crises, using Korean firm-level data from 1990 to 2010 and difference-in-differences(DiD) estimation strategy. One of major findings is that surprisingly, the market power of top 30 chaebols was strengthened by pro-competitive reforms given that the reforms aimed to reduce excessive market power of high-ranking chaebols, and there was a significant decline in overall labour share of value added and an increase in the profit share of these large enterprises. The study argues that these outcomes are due to the pro-competitive reforms being primarily business-friendly and focused on chaebol restructuring, with relatively less attention devoted to labour-friendly policies. The study highlights the need for policymakers to consider the potential trade-offs between pro-competitive reforms and their impact on labour market outcomes.

Download or read book Three Essays on Bayesian Analysis of Korean Economy written by Sung Ju Song and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Growth and International Trade written by Koo-Woong Park and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three essays on economic growth education and human capital written by Se-Um Kim and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Korean Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Trade Liberalization and Korean Agriculture written by Chun Kwon Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) in 1994, global competition in Korean agricultural markets has significantly increased. The objective of this dissertation is to identify the effects of trade liberalization on productivity and pricing in the Korean rice market (Essay 1 and 2) and on the entire agricultural sector (Essay 3). Rice is the major agricultural commodity in Korean agriculture with Rice Processing Complexes (RPC), i.e. agricultural cooperatives, playing a major role in the rice processing industry. Essays 1 and 2 examine RPCs adjustment to the increasingly competitive market environment. The first essay draws on the emerging heterogeneous-firms trade model to test the hypothesis that trade liberalization forces least productivity firms to exit (extensive margin) and encourages reallocation of resources and market share to high productivity firms (intensive margin) within an industry. The above churning results in an increase in the average productivity of the industry. Results from using plant-level RPC data from 2002-2008 to test the above hypothesis show that international competition via increases in rice import (Minimum Market Access) has the largest effect on RPCs' productivity. In particular, greater competition shifts the left tail of the productivity distribution to the right, increasing the median productivity of the Korean rice processing industry. Thus, the above findings suggest that RPCs, often considered to be quasi-public firms shielded from competition, face significant adjustment following trade liberalization. Economic theory suggests that a key input, i.e. raw product that farmer-members deliver, is treated as given in marketing cooperatives' optimization, unlike in the case of profit maximizing firms. Thus, only if cooperatives minimize the cost of conventional inputs (labor and capital) cost and additionally, set the price of the raw product optimally, their production is efficient. Essay 2 examines RPCs' pricing efficiency, based on the above theory, by incorporating farmers' supply function of raw product (rice) into hypothesized RPCs' optimization framework. Results show that only large RPCs' pricing and thus, production is efficient. For small and medium RPCs, processing size, i.e. realizing economies of scale, is important for their efficiency. The latter finding suggests merger of neighboring small and medium RPCs to both expand supply of raw rice and lower processing costs. In fact, results show that post-merger RPCs have attained pricing efficiency similar to large RPCs. Since 2002, about 20 percent of Korean RPCs have merged adjusting to the competitive market and improving pricing efficiency and overall productivity. In the third essay, the effects of agricultural openness on aggregate agricultural productivity and farmers' welfare in Korea are examined. Results indicate that the openness significantly improves agricultural productivity, with a marked increase following URAA. However, in real terms, farm products' price and net farm business income have declined after trade liberalization. The findings show that agricultural trade liberalization has greatly benefitted Korean consumers, but the net impact on farmers' welfare from productivity growth, real price decline and transfer payments is less clear. The three essays show that Korean agriculture has been adjusting to the increasingly competitive environment in primary and processing sectors, contributing to overall gains for the Korean economy. Encouraging resource reallocation towards more competitive segments of Korean agriculture along with targeted transfer payments to revitalize losers from trade are needed to continue to realize and share gains from trade.

Download or read book Three Essays on South Korean Multinational Corporations written by Joonhyung Lee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the era of globalization, multinational corporations are the center in international economics. Most studies are based on investment flows between developed countries, however. With a firm-level dataset on South Korean multinational corporations, this dissertation adds new insights to the research of multinational corporations from the perspective of an emerging country. The first essay investigates the impact of the level of development of the destination country on employment growth of the multinational corporations in the home country. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we assess the impact of starting to invest in less-advanced countries compared with investing in more-advanced countries. To obtain suitable control groups in each case, we use the propensity score method. The method selects national firms that ex post did not take the investment decisions even though ex ante they would have been equally likely to. We find that moving to less-advanced countries decreases a company's employment growth rate especially in the short run. On the other hand, moving to more-advanced countries does not consistently affect employment growth in any significant way. Including investment decisions of established multinationals in the estimation somewhat weakens but does not overturn this conclusion. The second essay studies the location decision of South Korean multinationals across China's regions with a firm-level dataset. Our conditional logit estimates confirm previous studies that found agglomeration effects along industry and along national lines. In particular, South Korean investors target the region where there are more firms in an industry irrespective of their nationality. At the same time, more affliates from South Korean multinationals also attract new entrants. More importantly, however, we add an upstream and downstream (backward and forward) linkage effect. We find that the presence of upstream and downstream South Korean affiliates significantly increases the likelihood that a South Korean multinational invests in a particular region. At the same time, however, backward and forward linkages at the industry level that do not differentiate by nationality do not seem to matter much. As such, our analysis of investors' location choice brings together two perspectives: (backward and forward) linkages and agglomeration along national lines. The third essay explores regional production networks and off-shoring of material and service inputs in East Asia using the Asian International Input-Output Table (1990, 1995, and 2000). In process of doing so, off-shoring is directly measured from the Table which is not used in the previous literature on this issue. It turns out that East Asian countries source the significant share of inputs within East Asia. Besides material off-shoring, services off-shoring becomes more and more common in the era of globalization. In particular, countries in this region have used goods and services inputs mainly from Japan and the United States. However, in recent years, China and Korea started to supply greater amounts of goods and services inputs

Download or read book Essays in International Economics and Development written by Jaehan Cho and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays that broadly deal with international economics and development. The first chapter provides empirical evidence of the prevalence and importance of intangible capital transfer within multinational corporations (MNCs). Using a unique data set of Korean multinational foreign affiliates, I find that most of the foreign affiliates have managers transferred from their parent, while almost half are isolated from the parent in terms of physical trade. Furthermore, the transferred managers are positively associated with labor productivity, while physical trade from the parent is less so. I consider two possibilities for this productivity effect: (1) the managers transferred from the parent are simply more efficient than native managers; and (2) they provide knowledge that increases the productivity of all inputs. I find that the latter is consistent with the data. My findings provide evidence that transferring managers from the parent is a main source of benefit from foreign direct investment (FDI) to foreign affiliates because the managers transfer firm-specific knowledge. The second chapter analyzes the importance of the role of service or other sectors for economic growth of manufacturing. Productivity in agriculture or services has long been understood as playing an important role in the growth of manufacturing. In this paper we provide an endogenous growth model in which manufacturing growth is stimulated by the non-manufacturing sector that provides goods used for both research and final consumption. The model permits evaluation of two policy options for stimulating manufacturing growth: (1) a country imports more non-manufacturing goods from a foreign country with a higher productivity; or (2) the country increases productivity of domestic non-manufacturing. We find that both policies increase welfare of the economy, but depending on the policy the manufacturing sector responds differently. Specifically, employment and value added in manufacturing rise with policy (1), but contract with policy (2). Therefore, specialization through importing non-manufacturing goods explains how some Asian economies experience fast growth in the manufacturing sector without progress in the other sectors. The third chapter tests for the importance of composition effects in affecting levels and changes of education wage premiums. In this paper I revisit composition effects in the context of Korea. Korea's large and rapid expansion of education makes it an ideal place to look for composition effects. A large, policy-induced increase in attainment in the 1980s offers additional scope for identifying composition effects. I find strong evidence that the policy-induced expansion of education lowered education wage premiums for the affected cohorts, but only weak evidence that the trend expansion of education lowered education wage premiums.

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Growth and Real Exchange Rate written by Sung Jin Kang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on International Linkages of the Korean Economy written by Jai-Ki Lee and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Capital Account Liberalization and Economic Growth written by Kang-guk Yi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Development written by Junji Nakagawa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revealing book analyzes the different methods employed to manage globalization and development, including contributions from a renowned international team including Barbara Stallings, Alicia Giron and J.C. Ferraz.

Download or read book Economic Development and the Division of Labor written by Xiaokai Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative new text from Jeffrey Sachs and Xiokai Yangintroduces students to development economics from the perspectivesof inframarginal analysis and marginal analysis. The bookdemonstrates how the new-found emphasis on inframarginal analysishas influenced a shift back to an interest in Classical Economicsfrom Neoclassical Economics. Inframarginal Analysis vs. Marginal Analysis is presented as aconsistent theoretical framework throughout. Shows how the relationship of Inframarginal Analysis toMarginal Analysis has influenced the shift back to an interest inClassical Economics from Neoclassical Economics with regard toeconomic development. Allows economists to reduce their overall reliance on marginalanalysis, which may be less relevant to development economics thanit is to the economics of development countries. Brings considerable analytic machinery to bear on importantproblems. A focus on institutions and transaction costs that is veryrelevant to development economics. Offers a thorough analysis of trade (CHs. 3 - 7) andmacroeconomics (CHs. 16 - 19), both of which are not dealth with indepth by comparable textbooks.

Download or read book Three Essays on Financial Liberalization Financial Market and Economic Growth written by Rong-Chang Wu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: