Download or read book The Toxicity of Copper to Rainbow and Cutthroat Trouts Under Different Conditions of Alkalinity PH and Hardness written by Charles Chakoumakos and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicity of Copper to Cutthroat Trout Salmo Clarki Under Different Conditions of Alkalinity PH and Hardness written by Charles Chakoumakos and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fish Physiology Homeostasis and Toxicology of Essential Metals written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homeostasis and Toxicology of Essential Metals synthesizes the explosion of new information on the molecular, cellular, and organismal handling of metals in fish in the past 15 years. These elements are no longer viewed by fish physiologists as "heavy metals" that kill fish by suffocation, but rather as interesting moieties that enter and leave fish by specific pathways, which are subject to physiological regulation. The metals featured in this volume are those about which there has been most public and scientific concern, and therefore are those most widely studied by fish researchers. Metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co, Se, Mo and Cr are either proven to be or are strongly suspected to be essential in trace amounts, yet are toxic in higher doses. The companion volume, Homeostasis and Toxicology of Non-Essential Metals, Volume 31B, covers metals that have no known nutritive function in fish at present, but which are toxic at fairly low levels, such as Ag, Al, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Sr, and U. In addition, three chapters in Volumes 31A and 31B on Basic Principles (Chapter 1, 31A), Field Studies and Ecological Integration (Chapter 9, 31A) and Modeling the Physiology and Toxicology of Metals (Chapter 9, 31B) act as integrative summaries and make these two volumes a vital set for readers. - All major essential metals of interest are covered in metal-specific chapters - Each metal-specific chapter is written by fish physiologists/toxicologists who are recognized authorities for that metal - A common format is featured throughout this two volume edition
Download or read book The Effect of Hardness Alkalinity and PH on the Toxicity of Copper to Rainbow Trout the Effect of Mucous Secretion on Cupric Ion Activity and PH and a Possible Internal Mode of Copper Toxicity written by Theron G. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen day toxicity tests vere conducted in an artificial fresh water medium to determine the incipient (threshold) LC50 (ILC50) for copper to 8-15 g Salmo gairdneri in various combinations of water hardness (12 to 100 mg/1) and alkalinity (10 to 50 mg/1), in several concentrations of hydrogen ion (pH 4.35 to 7.3) and after exposure to sublethal concentrations of copper and acid. Total and soluble copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dry weight of mucus secreted and sloughed off in 8 hours into a 2 liter holding tank by trout exposed to copper and acid was measured. In addition, the influence of mucus on cupric ion activity v;as measured by titrating a standard solution of copper with mucus solution against a copper standard. These titrations were conducted at several pRs (3.0 to 7.3). Cupric ion activity was measured with a cupric ion specific electrode. Results of these experiments shoved that calcium is much more important than alkalinity in reducing copper toxicity. At low water hardness (12 mg/1) the ILC50 of copper was not affected by a five fold change in medium alkalinity (10 to 5C mg/1). At low alkalinity (10 mg/1) increasing the hardness from 12 to 93 mg/1 caused a three-fold increase in the ILC50. However in hard water (100 mg/1) increasing the alkalinity from 10 to 50 mg/1 caused the ILC50 to increase by 1.8 times. The ILC50 for copper increased with increasing water hardness regardless of alkalinity. At pH 5.4 there was synergism between acid pH and copper but at pHs of less than 5.4 the toxicity of various combinations of copper and hydrogen ion was antagonistic. After one week of exposure to a sublethal concentration of copper (25-30 ug/1) the ILC50 (96 ug/J) was nearly twice that of fish not previously exposed to copper. However, trout held in sublethal acid conditions (pH A.9-5.2) for one week showed no acclimation to acid pH. Excessive mucus secretion was not found to occur as a result of exposure to 80 ug/1 copper for 8 hours. However mucus secretion increased by 30% compared to control values in response to 8 hours of exposure to pH 4.0. Titrations with a mucus solution revealed that mucus efficiently chelated copper even down to pH 3.5. In addition, each of 3 80-100 g fish raised the pH of 2 liters of water from 4.0 to 6.5 in 8 hours. The excessive mucus secretion which occurred at low pllvs coupled with the ability of mucus to chelate copper and buffer acid could be responsible for the antagonism or protecting effect that acid showed when combined with copper. An in-vitro preparation of the frog ( Kana pipiens) rectus abdominus muscle was used to test the effect of copper on muscle activity. It was attached to a muscle transducer-electrophysiograph apparatus. After exposure for 20 minutes to 10 (64 ug/1) copper (10 5M)) acetylcholine induced rapid convulsive-like contractions. As this activity was observed in fish very near death in the toxicity tests these result suggest an internal mode of toxicity at the sensitive incipient LC50 level.
Download or read book Homeostasis and Toxicology of Essential Metals written by Chris M. Wood and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homeostasis and Toxicology of Essential Metals synthesizes the explosion of new information on the molecular, cellular, and organismal handling of metals in fish in the past 15 years. These elements are no longer viewed by fish physiologists as "heavy metals" that kill fish by suffocation, but rather as interesting moieties that enter and leave fish by specific pathways, which are subject to physiological regulation. The metals featured in this volume are those about which there has been most public and scientific concern, and therefore are those most widely studied by fish researchers. Metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co, Se, Mo and Cr are either proven to be or are strongly suspected to be essential in trace amounts, yet are toxic in higher doses.
Download or read book Report summaries written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicology of Aquatic Pollution written by E. W. Taylor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-03-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers the effects of a range of toxicants at the physiological, cellular and subcellular levels.
Download or read book Target Organ Toxicity in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts written by Daniel Schlenk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the numerous gaps in current information, Target Organ Toxicology in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts is an essential resource for researchers and professionals in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment. All the chapters are written by researchers who are internationally recognised for their work in mechanistic aspects of aquatic toxicology. Each chapter focuses on a specific target organ or physiological system and describes how various agents disrupt the normal physiological system and processes. This volume is devoted to specific organs with coverage of the gill, kidney, skin, liver and gut. The companion volume, Systems, provides coverage of toxic effects in the central nervous, immune, neurobehavioural and reproductive systems as well as describing general mechanisms of toxicity.
Download or read book Fundamentals Of Aquatic Toxicology written by Gary M. Rand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is divided into three parts. The first part describes basic toxicological concepts and methodologies used in aquatic toxicity testing, including the philosophies underlying testing strategies now required to meet and support regulatory standards. The second part of the book discusses various factors that affect transport, transformation, ultimate distribution, and accumulation of chemicals in the aquatic environment, along with the use of modelling to predict fate.; The final section of the book reviews types of effects or endpoints evaluated in field studies and the use of structure-activity relationships in aquatic toxicology to predict biological activity and physio-chemical properties of a chemical. This section also contains an extensive background of environmental legislation in the USA and within the European Community, and an introduction to hazard/risk assessment with case studies.
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Circular written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Research Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metal Bioaccumulation in Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates written by Glenn R. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fish Physiology Toxicology and Water Quality Management written by David J. Randall and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotic Compounds written by Des W. Connell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the very few - if not only - books written exclusively related to this topic. This book comprehensively outlines the principles governing the accumulation of chemicals from the environment by organisms. Packed with tables and diagrams, this work reviews the experimental data available on both terrestrial and aquatic systems. It describes methods which are used to predict bioaccumulation of chemicals from their physicochemical properties. It also reviews environmental and other factors influencing bioaccumulation. This text also includes previously unpublished theoretical explanations of several bioaccumulation processes, including food chain biomagnification. Information in this exceptional volume is useful to government officials involved with environmental management, chemists, biologists, consultants working with chemical waste control, researchers, and graduate students.
