Download or read book The Relationship Between Promotions and Attendance at Major League Baseball Games written by Michael J. Lucas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Game day Promotions on Increasing Game Attendance and Fan Engagement for Major League Baseball Teams written by Andrea Weed and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study applies contingency theory to analyze how effective promotions are at increasing attendance and facilitating fan engagement. Contingency theory framework assumes there is neither a best way to organize nor is any strategy equally effective (Galbraith, 1973; Shank & Lyberger, 2014). This is consistent with the results from this study, as there were significant findings but no clear or definitive answers. This study utilized an online survey of MLB consumers ages 18 or older that attended a game during 2014 or 2015, within 150 miles of an MLB ballpark, and without season tickets (N = 382). Scale psychometrics for identity antecedents and motivations was used to analyze areas of fan engagement. Multiple linear regression equations were completed, indicating that the effect of external contingencies on willingness to attend games varies within levels of fan engagement, and appeal of game-day promotions varies within levels of fan engagement. A comparison of means also found that effect of promotions on willingness to attend games does not vary within promotional categories. The findings support contingency theory and provide important implications for next-step strategies for scholarship and industry.

Download or read book Promotions and Their Dynamic Effect on Major League Baseball Attendance written by Marcus Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation of Promotional Events and Other Factors that Affect the Attendance on Sporting Events written by Jung Heon Kim and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Take Me Out to the Ball Game written by Lieberman Research Inc and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of the first phase research was: (1) to provide preliminary insights and hypotheses concerning the factors which encourage or discourage attendance at major league baseball games, (2) to develop a basic understanding of the place enjoyed by baseball in the fan's sports framework, and (3) to make sure that phase two coveers the concerns of the major league clubs."--leaf 1.

Download or read book Diamonds are Forever written by Paul M. Sommers and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As every American knows, our nation's favorite pastime is also big business. The last fifteen years have been exceptionally good to the business of baseball-with the growth in fan attendance, the spread of cable television, the burgeoning interest in cards and other baseball memorabilia, the historical appreciation of franchise values, the emergence of a powerful players' union, and average salaries that are almost twenty times their pre-1976 levels. Yet at this time of prosperity, major economic issues trouble the sport: the threat of franchise relocation, the continual flash points in collective bargaining, the growing commercialization of the game, the club owners' collusive response to free agency, lingering concerns of race discrimination, and the arguably tenuous link between player pay and performance. This fascinating book examines these and other major issues and assesses their probable impact on the business of baseball. Contributors begin by examining the effect of the reserve clause on competitive league balance. They then investigate whether prior experience with the salary arbitration process affects player demands in subsequent settlements and compare salary differences between ineligible and arbitration-eligible players. They consider the role of the baseball fan as contributor to team winning, as season ticket purchase, and as card-collecting hobbyist. Diamonds Are Forever also looks at the link between player pay and performance. The authors question whether such high salaries are actually earned by players or are instead awarded by owners eager to have "the winning team." They also discuss the growth in unequal distribution of salaries among players. In the last section, the authors look at racial discrimination in baseball and the influence of a team's racial composition on salaries. From Babe Ruth to Nolan Ryan, Doubleday to Skydome, baseball cards to Homer Hankies, the nation has been enthralled for decades with the business of baseball. Although the authors look to the future and consider changes that might occur in this profitable pastime, they assure that diamonds are forever.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Sports Management and Marketing written by Linda E. Swayne and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2011-08-08 with total page 1960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first reference resource to bring both sports management and sports marketing all together in one place.

Download or read book A General Multiple Distributed Lag Framework for Estimating the Dynamic Effects of Promotions written by Wayne S. DeSarbo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Game attendance resulting from ticket sales is the single largest revenue stream for Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. We propose a general multiple distributed lag framework following the Koyck family of models for estimating MLB attendance drivers and focus specifically on the differential direct and carryover effects of in-game promotions. By setting various model constraints, the proposed framework incorporates different forms of serial correlation and promotion-specific dynamic effects. Using information model-selection heuristics, we select an optimal model of attendance drivers for the Pittsburgh Pirates' 2010-2012 MLB seasons. We demonstrate that our newly proposed model with an unrestricted serial correlation structure performs best. We find that although kids promotions have the highest direct effect on attendance, giveaway and entertainment promotions have substantial carryover effects and the largest total effects. We use our results to optimize the Pirates' promotional schedule and find that a reallocation of resources across promotional categories can increase profits between 39% and 88%.

Download or read book The Many Dimensions of Competitive Balance and the Attendance of Major League Baseball written by Xinrong Lei and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research proposed a set of measures of Competitive Balance which aims to address three dimensions of Competitive Balance: Closeness, Dominance and Consistency. Longitudinal MLB data is used for empirical evaluation purpose. The matched pair of teams is used as the basic research object in this study, and the growth model is applied to analyze the relationship between game attendances and the proposed measures of Competitive Balance. Research confirmed that Competitive Balance is multidimensional, and not every dimension of Competitive Balance is correlated with game attendance. Fans prefer changes, and they are not attracted by consecutive wins or losses. Rather fans are more like to go to games that can potentially affect teams0́9 standings in their divisions or league. Fans show no specific preferences to upset games.

Download or read book Government and the Sports Business written by Roger G. Noll and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sports Marketing written by Matthew D. Shank and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports Marketing: A Strategic Perspective is the most authoritative, comprehensive, and engaging introduction to sports marketing currently available. It is the only introductory textbook on this subject to adopt a strategic approach, explaining clearly how every element of the marketing process should be designed and managed, from goal-setting and planning to implementation and control. Covering all the key topics in the sports marketing curriculum, including consumer behavior, market research, promotions, products, pricing, sponsorship, business ethics, technology, and e-marketing, the book introduces core theory and concepts, explains best practice, and surveys the rapidly changing international sports business environment. Chapters contain extensive real-world case studies and biographies of key industry figures, and challenging review exercises encourage the reader to reflect critically on their own knowledge and professional practice. Now in a fully revised and updated sixth edition, Sports Marketing: A Strategic Perspective includes expanded coverage of social and digital media, analytics, and ethical issues, as well as a greater number of international articles and examples. In a new feature, successful sports marketers reflect on their careers and how they progressed in the sports marketing industry. It is an essential foundation for any sports marketing or sports business course, and an invaluable reference for any sports marketing practitioner looking to improve their professional practice. A companion website offers additional resources for instructors and students, including an instructor’s guide, test questions, presentation slides, and useful weblinks.

Download or read book Sports Management and Sports Humanities written by Kazuyuki Kanosue and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on (1) sports management, (2) sports economics and policy, and (3) sports humanities. The fact that sports humanities is a part of the sports management education program means that a person with extensive knowledge—not only business-related comprehension but also acquaintance with art-related fields, such as the humanities and law—will play a central role in sports management in the next generation. The former two parts aim to provide a clear understanding of sports management and marketing, including the motivational and/or emotional components of fan behavior and sports participation, sports club management, sports sponsorship, athlete reputation management, sports economics and elite sports policy. As stated above, various topics can be found in sports management research from the macro to the micro point of view and they are not individually separated but intimately connected. Moreover, given the interdisciplinary nature of sports management, specific, common and cross-border issues arise in each country. Data from several countries are included in the sports management part. Research beyond borders and collaborative research are expected to increase more significantly than before. Researchers in sports management are expected to find the best answers to such questions as how to manage sports-related organizations or people effectively, how to stimulate the global or local economy and exert social impact through sports, and how to help people gain well-being through sports. These research questions have not changed all through the ages and across the globe. In this book, the researchers also try to find the optimized solution in each topic and readers can find traces of their passionate exploration.

Download or read book What Took Me Out to the Ball Game written by Katharine E. Willers and published by F Street Books. This book was released on 2011 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baseball fans attend Major League Baseball games for many reasons-to watch their home team in the midst of a winning season; to bask in the afterglow of a recent World Series win; or to see a newly acquired All-Star. But many impersonal factors determine how many people attend a Major League Baseball game, including local unemployment rates, the presence of other professional sporting franchises, or the number of games broadcast on television. What Took Me Out to the Ball Game utilizes a linear regression analysis to examine competitive and team-market factors that permeated Major League Baseball during the 1990s and what impact they had on attendance at games. It examines the significance of twenty market and team-quality factors, in particular the impact of the 1994 labor strike which caused the cancellation of hundreds of games and the World Series in 1994. Katharine E. Willers is a lifelong baseball fan and economic enthusiast. Resulting from research she did for this book, she spent a summer as a researcher at the National Baseball Hall of Fame Library in Cooperstown, New York. Ms. Willers graduated magna cum laude from Cornell University with a BA in Economics and earned an MA in International Relations from The Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. After initially pursuing a career in business and marketing, she transitioned to a career in policy and international affairs. Katharine is married and currently resides in the Washington, DC area.

Download or read book Do Fans Matter The Effect of Attendance on the Outcomes of Major League Baseball Games written by Erin E. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the role of attendance in home-field advantage for Major League Baseball, using a dataset of all MLB games played from 1996 to 2005. Using two-stage least squares, we find that attendance has a significant effect on the home-field advantage. Our results indicate that a one standard deviation increase in attendance results in a 4% increase in the likelihood of a home team win. We also find that if attendance as a percent of stadium capacity were to increase by 48%, we would expect the home team's run differential to increase by one run. We show that the additional home-field advantage is driven by increased home team performance.

Download or read book Sports Marketing written by Michael J. J. Fetchko and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly practical and engaging, Sports Marketing equips students with the skills, techniques, and tools they need to be successful marketers in any sporting environment. The book combines scholarly theory with the perspectives of those who have been actively involved in the sports business. A worldwide range of examples from all levels of sports, as well as insider expertise, strongly ties classroom learning to real-world practice, and assures students that the theory is relevant. New material includes: • Expanded coverage of marketing analytics and the use of market-driven tactics showing students how to strengthen customer relationships and maximize profits • Greater attention to the impact of new technologies on customer relationships, such as social media, content marketing, ticketing strategies, and eSports, ensuring students are exposed to the latest advancements in marketing for sports • A stronger global focus throughout the book, including several new cases from outside the U.S., as well as coverage of international sporting organizations, such as FIFA and the ever popular English Premier League • Six new "You Make the Call" short cases to offer opportunities for analysis and decision making in sectors of sports marketing including sports media, experiential events, and eSports These popular "You Make the Call" cases and review questions stimulate lively classroom discussion, while chapter summaries and a glossary further support learning. Sports Marketing will give students of sports marketing and management a firm grasp of the ins and outs of working in sports.

Download or read book Save Baseball written by Larry Hausner and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2024-02-09 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major League Baseball has been in crisis in recent years. Game attendance is down by millions and fan interest is in free fall. The future of the game is in jeopardy. While the League acknowledges the issues, many are stumped as to how to address them. This book explores in detail the critical challenges facing MLB, and their ramifications, along with some potential solutions. Interviews with baseball insiders, players to executives, give a perspective on baseball's struggle to reinvent itself for future generations.

Download or read book Baseball Research Journal written by Andy McCue and published by SABR, Inc.. This book was released on 2014-04-02 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Baseball Research Journal is the flagship research publication of the Society for American Baseball Research. Founded in 1971, SABR now has over 6,000 members investigating every aspect of the sport, from statistical analysis to biographical research, to psychology, economics, physics, biomechanics, game theory, and more. In this issue: Leaving a Mark on the Game Allan Roth by Andy McCue The Creation of the Alexander Cartwright Myth by Richard Hershberger Stolen Bases and Caught Stealing by Catchers: Updating Total Player Rating by Pete Palmer New York Connections McGraw’s Streak by Max Blue Clyde Sukeforth: The Dodgers’ Yankee and Branch Rickey’s Maine Man by Karl Lindholm Identifying Undated Ticket Stubs: An Attempt to Recapture Baseball History by Dr. James Reese Outside the Majors “Many Exciting Chases After the Ball”: Nineteenth Century Base Ball in Bismarck, Dakota Territory by Terry Bohn The Great 1952 Florida International League Pennant Race by Sam Zygner and Steve Smith Aquino Abreu: Baseball’s Other Double No-Hit Pitcher by Peter C. Bjarkman Defiance College’s Historic 1961 Postseason by Roger J. Hawks Analytical Looks at the Game We Love The Twisting Model and Ted Williams’s Science of Hitting by Takeyuki Inohiza The Best Shortened-Season Hitting Performance in Major League History by David Nemec Was There a Seven Way Game? Seven Ways of Reaching First Base by Paul Hertz The Three, or Was it Two, .400 Hitters of 1922 by Brian Marshall What Do Your Fans Want?: Attendance Correlations with Performance, Ticket Prices, and Payroll Factors by Ben Langhorst Do Fans Prefer Homegrown Players? An Analysis of MLB Attendance, 1976–2012 by Russell Ormiston 2014 Chadwick Honorees Mark Armour by Rob Neyer Ernie Lanigan by Lyle Spatz Marc Okkonen by Dan Levitt Cory Schwartz by Christina Kahrl John C. Tattersall by John Thorn