Download or read book The Regional Impacts on Turkey s Zero Problems with Neighbors Policy towards Iraqi Kurdistan written by Zeravan Muhsin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-09-29 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of the war in Syria and the rise of ISIS has increased the role of non-state actors in the Middle East politics. This is of particular concern for Turkey, on account of its long-standing concerns regarding Kurdish nationalism, particularly after the Syrian war, which provides Kurds with a significant role in regional security affairs. This book aims to examine the regional impacts of the Turkish government’s Zero Policy with Neighbors (ZPN) in respect to Iraqi Kurdistan. This has been achieved through an analysis of the impact on the ZPN policy of the following non-state actors between 2011 and 2016: The Syrian Kurdish group represented by the Democratic Union Party (PYD), ISIS, and the Kurdistan Workers party (PKK).
Download or read book The Kurdish Regional Impacts on the Zero Problems with Neighbours Policy Towards Iraqi Kurdistan 2011 2016 written by Zeravan Muhsin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turkish Foreign Policy and its Regional Implications written by Meliha Benli Altunişik and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey’s Middle East policy has transformed in recent years and is now more involved in the region, employs more soft power tools and actively engages in third party roles in regional conflicts. Turkey has improved its relations with bordering states as a result of its “zero problems with neighbors” policy. This paper examines the elements of a new Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East and focuses on the reasons for its evolution as well as its structural conditions and political leadership. In discussing these factors this paper aims to identify the circumstances that have created an opening for change. It is argued that those structural conditions which emerged at the beginning of the new millennium coincided with a strategic political leadership that led to this transformation. It is also emphasized that “pull factors” have been important for a new Turkish engagement with the Middle East. Perspectives on Turkey in the region have become more positive in recent years. However, different actors in the Arab world have different perceptions of Turkey and its importance for the region. Some focus on Turkey as a strategic asset in the constantly shifting and highly volatile regional balance of power, while others perceive Turkey more as an important economic partner and critical for the debates on political reform in the region. Finally, this paper focuses on the issue of sustainability of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East in the face of certain challenges, especially the so-called “Arab Spring”, which has presented difficulties for Turkey in light of the instabilities in various Arab countries and has challenged Turkey’s political and economic interests. The AKP government’s policy towards the region has therefore been evolving and during its first term it positioned itself outside of the polarizations and conflicts in the region and firmly tied its policy to the EU accession process. Such a policy was not only good for Turkey – providing political and economic opportunities – it was also beneficial for the Middle East. However, since 2008 the AKP government’s policy has begun to shift slightly and Turkey would appear to have become more involved in regional polarizations, particularly in relation to Israel and Iran. The weakening of the EU anchor has further contributed to Turkey’s entanglement in the Middle East and the challenge now for Turkey has grown since the geo-political conditions that made Turkey more active in the region have changed. Ultimately, the success of Turkish diplomacy in the Middle East will depend on how far it will manage to respond to the momentous transformations taking place in the region.
Download or read book Turkey written by Jim Zanotti and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The New Turkish Foreign Policy Reassessment and Change written by Tugba Akyazi and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2013-08-09 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the recent years, Turkey has put immense efforts in healing relations with its neighbors, establishing closer ties regarding various interest areas, be it economic, cultural or political issues and acting as a facilitator in its close environment. However, once one looks back in history, Turkey during the 1900s conducted a very different foreign policy strategy and viewed its close neighbors with suspicion and mistrust. This study argues that there has been a reassessment in Turkish Foreign Policy which has helped Turkey to acquire a new role in the Middle East. In this regard, this research aims to analyze whether there has been a changeover in Turkish Foreign Policy and if so, what were the consequences regarding Turkey’s relations with its neighbors. Along with that purpose, this study will elaborate on the factors which have shaped Turkish Foreign Policy, primarily on economic aspirations. Furthermore, the goal of this research is to focus particularly on Turkey’s relations towards its Middle Eastern neighbors. Consequently, this research will help to understand fully Turkey’s recent involvement regarding the Arab uprisings and increasing commitment to the Middle East.
Download or read book Turkey s Foreign Policy and Security Perspectives in the 21st Century written by Sertif Demir and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2016-04-23 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books aims at analyzing Turkish foreign and security policies in the 21st century. Turkey’s foreign and security policies have become the focus of academic discussions since Turkey is located in the middle of the most unstable region in the world. Turkey’s self-assured foreign policy has similarly attracted the attention of academicians worldwide. Meanwhile, Turkey’s security policy has also been the subject of discussions as the country has been struggling with ethnic terrorism for 35 years. Furthermore, the US invasion of Iraq and the recent Syrian civil war, along with other factors, have caused religious radicalism to expand its power throughout the Middle East, which has heavily impacted on Turkey’s security. Turkey’s longstanding problems with its neighbors have also affected the general characteristics of its foreign policy, particularly leading to its securitization.
Download or read book The Arab Spring and the Rise of the 2 0 Version of Turkey s zero Problems with Neighbors Policy written by Tarik Oğuzlu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This brief seeks to explain the challenges facing Turkey's 'zero problems with neighbors' policy in the context of the developments associated with the 'Arab Spring.' How Turkey's foreign policy understanding will be affected by the tumultuous changes in the region, and how Turkey should cope with these changes require urgent answers. The main argument of the brief is that besides bringing challenges and risks, the recent upheavals in the Middle East simultaneously offer Turkey the opportunity to elevate its existing 'zpwn' policy to a much higher level, the 2.0. version, in which normative and humanitarian considerations are likely to become more salient. Put another way, the years ahead will witness a 'democratic touch' in Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East, reflecting the spirit of Turkey's liberal democratization process already underway at home."--Abstract.
Download or read book The Arab Spring and the Rise of the 2 0 Version of Turkey s zero Problems with Neighbors Policy written by Tarik Oğuzlu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This brief seeks to explain the challenges facing Turkey's 'zero problems with neighbors' policy in the context of the developments associated with the 'Arab Spring.' How Turkey's foreign policy understanding will be affected by the tumultuous changes in the region, and how Turkey should cope with these changes require urgent answers. The main argument of the brief is that besides bringing challenges and risks, the recent upheavals in the Middle East simultaneously offer Turkey the opportunity to elevate its existing 'zpwn' policy to a much higher level, the 2.0. version, in which normative and humanitarian considerations are likely to become more salient. Put another way, the years ahead will witness a 'democratic touch' in Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East, reflecting the spirit of Turkey's liberal democratization process already underway at home."--Abstract.
Download or read book Turkish Foreign Policy and the Middle East written by Henri J. Barkley and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of the last decade, Turkey has emerged as a major actor in the Middle East. It has embarked on a variety of mediating missions and has been vocal on issues such as the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Iranian nuclear program. The popularity of its prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, surpasses that of all other regional leaders. This new presence in the Middle East has been variously characterized as neo-Ottoman or an abandonment of the West in favor of the East. Others have interpreted it as the resulting from disillusionment with a stalled European Union accession process or a desire to strike an “independent” foreign policy from the United States. In fact, Turkey's new activism in the Middle East and the world in general is driven by two important factors. The first is the deep structural change that has transformed the Turkish economy from an inward looking to a robust export-driven one that is engaged in a continuous search for new markets. Today it is the world's 16th largest economy. The second is Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party, AKP, leadership's ambitions to transform Turkey into a global actor. Other developments, ranging from the 2003 invasion of Iraq to the declining influence of the military, have helped the AKP to successfully pivot Turkish foreign policy away from its previous obsessions with the Kurdish question and Islam. Some of the changes in foreign policy were in the making before the 2002 rise of the AKP. Nevertheless, it is the AKP who provided Turkish foreign policy with a semblance of coherence and a sense of self-confidence. In the ensuing years, the AKP articulated what came to be known a “zero-problems with the neighbors” policy which heralded a opening up of relations with countries that had hitherto been seen as rivals if not outright hostile to Turkey. Relations improved with Syria, Iran and a slew of other Middle Eastern countries. In Iraq, by 2008, the Turkish government executed a 180-degree change in policy to establish relations with the Kurdistan Regional Government, KRG. It engaged in mediation efforts between Israelis and Syrians as well as among Palestinian factions. Paradoxically, Turkey emerged from its foreign policy transformation as a status quo power, deeply entrenched in the structure of the Middle East. This is despite the difficulties it experienced with Israel. The Arab Spring has, however, served as a reminder that the complexity of the Middle East can sometimes overwhelm the agenda of its primary actors. The costs of the Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings have been limited primarily because of the relatively small size of mutual economic relations. By contrast, the Libyan and Syrian uprisings have shocked the Turkish establishment; Libya was a critical economic partner while Syria was the new foreign policy's much touted “success” case. Both of these demonstrated, not surprisingly perhaps, the extent to which the new Turkish policy was vested in the authoritarian regimes of the region; in fact, this really was noting more than “a zero problems with the neighboring regimes” policy. This article will explore the causes for the change in Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East, its accomplishments and shortcomings and conclude with an analysis of its future directions.
Download or read book Rise Trading State written by Richard Rosecrance and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 1987-05-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What will power look like in the century to come? Imperial Great Britain may have been the model for the nineteenth century, Richard Rosecrance writes, but Hong Kong will be the model for the twenty-first. We are entering the Age of the Virtual State -- when land and its products are no longer the primary source of power, when managing flows is more important than maintaining stockpiles, when service industries are the greatest source of wealth and expertise and creativity are the greatest natural resources.Rosecrance's brilliant new book combines international relations theory with economics and the business model of the virtual corporation to describe how virtual states arise and operate, and how traditional powers will relate to them. In specific detail, he shows why Japan's kereitsu system, which brought it industrial dominance, is doomed; why Hong Kong and Taiwan will influence China more than vice-versa; and why the European Union will command the most international prestige even though the U.S. may produce more wealth.
Download or read book U S Turkey Relations written by Madeline Albright and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey is a rising regional and global power facing, as is the United States, the challenges of political transitions in the Middle East, bloodshed in Syria, and Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons. As a result, it is incumbent upon the leaders of the United States and Turkey to define a new partnership "in order to make a strategic relationship a reality," says a new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)-sponsored Independent Task Force.
Download or read book Proxy Warfare on the Cheap written by Spyridon Plakoudas and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how the USA decided, reluctantly at first, to use the Syrian Kurds as a cheap proxy warrior against ISIS and how this partnership evolved, in the end, into a not-so-cheap investment owing to its unforeseen geopolitical implications.
Download or read book Iraqi Kurdistan in Middle Eastern Politics written by Alex Danilovich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The changes brought by the Arab Spring and ensuing developments in the Middle East have made the Kurds an important force in the region. Tel-Aviv and Washington place high hopes on Erbil to facilitate their dealings with Baghdad, Damascus, Teheran and Ankara. Kurds living in Turkey, Syria and Iran have been inspired by the successes of their brethren in Iraq who managed to gain significant independence and make remarkable achievements in state building. The idea of a greater Kurdistan is in the air. This book focuses on how the Kurds have become a new and significant force in Middle Eastern politics. International expert contributors conceptualize current developments putting them into theoretical perspective, helping us to better understand the potential role the Kurds could play in the Middle East.
Download or read book The Limits Dilemmas and Paradoxes of Turkish Foreign Policy written by Beyza Ç Tekin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Troubled Partnership written by F. Stephen Larrabee and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S.-Turkish relations, long a vital element of U.S. policy, have seriously deteriorated in recent years. However, the arrival of a new U.S. administration offers an opportunity to repair recent fissures. Priority should be given to harmonizing policy toward Iraq and the Middle East as well as Central Asia and the Caucasus.
Download or read book The Iraq Study Group Report written by Iraq Study Group (U.S.) and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2006-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the findings of the bipartisan Iraq Study Group, which was formed in 2006 to examine the situation in Iraq and offer suggestions for the American military's future involvement in the region.
Download or read book Turkey and Iraq written by Henri J. Barkey and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Throughout the 1990s, Turkey was the anchor in the containment of Saddam Hussein's Iraq by the United States. The unpredictable set of events unleashed by Operation Iraqi Freedom has unnerved both Turkish decision makers and the public alike. The U.S.-led coalition's operation in Iraq has also upended Turkey's fundamental interests in Iraq, which are fourfold: (1) Prevent the division of Iraq along sectarian or ethnic lines that would give rise to an independent or confederal Kurdish state (with the oil-rich city of Kirkuk as its capital), thus supporting aspirations for a similar entity in Turkey's own extensive Kurdish population. (2) Protect the Turkish-speaking Turkmen minority, which resides primarily in northern Iraq. (3) Eliminate the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the Turkish Kurdish insurgent movement, which has sought refuge in the northeast of Iraq following its defeat in 1999. (4) Prevent the emergence of a potentially hostile nondemocratic fundamentalist Iraqi state"--Summary.
