Download or read book The Economic Consequences of the Peace written by John Maynard Keynes and published by Simon Publications LLC. This book was released on 1920 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Maynard Keynes, then a rising young economist, participated in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 as chief representative of the British Treasury and advisor to Prime Minister David Lloyd George. He resigned after desperately trying and failing to reduce the huge demands for reparations being made on Germany. The Economic Consequences of the Peace is Keynes' brilliant and prophetic analysis of the effects that the peace treaty would have both on Germany and, even more fatefully, the world.

Download or read book An Improbable War written by Holger Afflerbach and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First World War has been described as the "primordial catastrophe of the twentieth century." Arguably, Italian Fascism, German National Socialism and Soviet Leninism and Stalinism would not have emerged without the cultural and political shock of World War I. The question why this catastrophe happened therefore preoccupies historians to this day. The focus of this volume is not on the consequences, but rather on the connection between the Great War and the long 19th century, the short- and long-term causes of World War I. This approach results in the questioning of many received ideas about the war's causes, especially the notion of "inevitability."

Download or read book Pathways for Peace written by United Nations;World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.

Download or read book The War That Ended Peace written by Margaret MacMillan and published by Random House. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • The Economist • The Christian Science Monitor • Bloomberg Businessweek • The Globe and Mail From the bestselling and award-winning author of Paris 1919 comes a masterpiece of narrative nonfiction, a fascinating portrait of Europe from 1900 up to the outbreak of World War I. The century since the end of the Napoleonic wars had been the most peaceful era Europe had known since the fall of the Roman Empire. In the first years of the twentieth century, Europe believed it was marching to a golden, happy, and prosperous future. But instead, complex personalities and rivalries, colonialism and ethnic nationalisms, and shifting alliances helped to bring about the failure of the long peace and the outbreak of a war that transformed Europe and the world. The War That Ended Peace brings vividly to life the military leaders, politicians, diplomats, bankers, and the extended, interrelated family of crowned heads across Europe who failed to stop the descent into war: in Germany, the mercurial Kaiser Wilhelm II and the chief of the German general staff, Von Moltke the Younger; in Austria-Hungary, Emperor Franz Joseph, a man who tried, through sheer hard work, to stave off the coming chaos in his empire; in Russia, Tsar Nicholas II and his wife; in Britain, King Edward VII, Prime Minister Herbert Asquith, and British admiral Jacky Fisher, the fierce advocate of naval reform who entered into the arms race with Germany that pushed the continent toward confrontation on land and sea. There are the would-be peacemakers as well, among them prophets of the horrors of future wars whose warnings went unheeded: Alfred Nobel, who donated his fortune to the cause of international understanding, and Bertha von Suttner, a writer and activist who was the first woman awarded Nobel’s new Peace Prize. Here too we meet the urbane and cosmopolitan Count Harry Kessler, who noticed many of the early signs that something was stirring in Europe; the young Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty and a rising figure in British politics; Madame Caillaux, who shot a man who might have been a force for peace; and more. With indelible portraits, MacMillan shows how the fateful decisions of a few powerful people changed the course of history. Taut, suspenseful, and impossible to put down, The War That Ended Peace is also a wise cautionary reminder of how wars happen in spite of the near-universal desire to keep the peace. Destined to become a classic in the tradition of Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns of August, The War That Ended Peace enriches our understanding of one of the defining periods and events of the twentieth century. Praise for The War That Ended Peace “Magnificent . . . The War That Ended Peace will certainly rank among the best books of the centennial crop.”—The Economist “Superb.”—The New York Times Book Review “Masterly . . . marvelous . . . Those looking to understand why World War I happened will have a hard time finding a better place to start.”—The Christian Science Monitor “The debate over the war’s origins has raged for years. Ms. MacMillan’s explanation goes straight to the heart of political fallibility. . . . Elegantly written, with wonderful character sketches of the key players, this is a book to be treasured.”—The Wall Street Journal “A magisterial 600-page panorama.”—Christopher Clark, London Review of Books

Download or read book Understanding the Changing Planet written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the oceans to continental heartlands, human activities have altered the physical characteristics of Earth's surface. With Earth's population projected to peak at 8 to 12 billion people by 2050 and the additional stress of climate change, it is more important than ever to understand how and where these changes are happening. Innovation in the geographical sciences has the potential to advance knowledge of place-based environmental change, sustainability, and the impacts of a rapidly changing economy and society. Understanding the Changing Planet outlines eleven strategic directions to focus research and leverage new technologies to harness the potential that the geographical sciences offer.

Download or read book The Economics of World War I written by Stephen Broadberry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-29 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume offers a definitive new history of European economies at war from 1914 to 1918. It studies how European economies mobilised for war, how existing economic institutions stood up under the strain, how economic development influenced outcomes and how wartime experience influenced post-war economic growth. Leading international experts provide the first systematic comparison of economies at war between 1914 and 1918 based on the best available data for Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the USA, Italy, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and the Netherlands. The editors' overview draws some stark lessons about the role of economic development, the importance of markets and the damage done by nationalism and protectionism. A companion volume to the acclaimed The Economics of World War II, this is a major contribution to our understanding of total war.

Download or read book Current developments in European foreign policy written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: European Union Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains the oral evidence given in January 2007 to the Committee (sub-Committee C on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Development Policy) by the Minister for Europe, Rt Hon Geoff Hoon MP, accompanied by Mr Anthony Smith, Director, European Political Affairs, and Mr David Quarrey, Deputy Director, Middle East and North African Department, Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Topics covered include: the Middle East Peace Process and the role of the European Union; the European Neighbourhood Policy and the EU's relations with Russia; institutional/treaty change; the candidature of Turkey for EU membership; the EU's relations with the African Union, in particular over Darfur; the situation in Afghanistan; and relations with Iran.

Download or read book The Last Great War written by Adrian Gregory and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking new history of the British home front during the First World War.

Download or read book Where Have All the Soldiers Gone written by James J. Sheehan and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2009 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An eminent historian offers a sweeping look at Europes tumultuous 20th century, showing how the rejection of violence after World War II transformed a continent.

Download or read book Europe s Last Summer written by David Fromkin and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When war broke out in Europe in 1914, it surprised a European population enjoying the most beautiful summer in memory. For nearly a century since, historians have debated the causes of the war. Some have cited the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; others have concluded it was unavoidable. In Europe’s Last Summer, David Fromkin provides a different answer: hostilities were commenced deliberately. In a riveting re-creation of the run-up to war, Fromkin shows how German generals, seeing war as inevitable, manipulated events to precipitate a conflict waged on their own terms. Moving deftly between diplomats, generals, and rulers across Europe, he makes the complex diplomatic negotiations accessible and immediate. Examining the actions of individuals amid larger historical forces, this is a gripping historical narrative and a dramatic reassessment of a key moment in the twentieth-century.

Download or read book A Kingdom United written by Catriona Pennell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this, the first fully documented study of British and Irish popular reactions to the outbreak of the First World War, Catriona Pennell explores UK public opinion of the time and successfully challenges the myth of British 'war enthusiasm'. A Kingdom United explores what people felt, and how they acted, in response to an unanticipated and unprecedented crisis. It is a history of both ordinary people and elite figures in extraordinary times. Dr Pennell demonstrates that describing the reactions of over 40 million British and Irish people to the outbreak of war as either enthusiastic in the British case, or disengaged in the Irish, is over-simplified and inadequate. Emotional reactions to the war were ambiguous and complex, and changed over time. By the end of 1914 the populations of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland had largely embraced the war, but the war had also embraced them and showed no signs of relinquishing its grip. The five months from August to December 1914 set the shape of much that was to follow. A Kingdom United describes and explains that twenty-week formative process. Pennell draws from a vast array of diaries, letters, journals, and newspaper accounts by the very people who experienced the war in its first dramatic five months. She outlines the variety of responses felt amongst both the ordinary people and elite figures from across the country.

Download or read book Should We Fear Russia written by Dmitri Trenin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis, there has been much talk of a new Cold War between the West and Russia. Under Putin’s authoritarian leadership, Moscow is widely seen as volatile, belligerent and bent on using military force to get its way. In this incisive analysis, top Russian foreign and security policy analyst Dmitri Trenin explains why the Cold War analogy is misleading. Relations between the West and Russia are certainly bad and dangerous but - he argues - they are bad and dangerous in new ways; crucial differences which make the current rivalry between Russia, the EU and the US all the more fluid and unpredictable. Unpacking the dynamics of this increasingly strained relationship, Trenin makes a compelling case for handling Russia with pragmatism and care rather than simply giving into fear.

Download or read book Issues and Events written by and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Foreign Policy Current Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book After the Peace Treaty of Versailles 1919 written by Dariusz Makiłła and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The peace treaties of Versailles, Saint-Germain and Trianon, with their provisions on new borders, mainly affected the situation in Central Europe. At the same time, however, it was in this region that the limits of their principles and applicability became most evident. This was particularly evident in the areas of border guarantees, the settlements of territorial disputes, the regulations of minority rights and the ideal of national self-determination. The volume analyzes how these contradictions appeared and how they were treated in both an internal, Central European, and an external perspective. It focuses more on the medium-term implications of further development than on the course of peace negotiations. It is on the strategies and visions of the future arrangement during and especially after the peace negotiations. Contributors from Albania, Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Russia and the United States examine, on the one hand, the strategies and discourses of the actors of individual national societies, but on the other hand apply a comparative and transnational approach. They deal with both the “great” actors of history (such as diplomats, politicians, intellectual elites) and the structural conditions of the functioning of the “Versailles system”.

Download or read book Europe s Utopias of Peace written by Bo Stråth and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe's Utopias of Peace explores attempts to create a lasting European peace in the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars and the two world wars. The book charts the 250 year cycle of violent European conflicts followed by new utopian formulations for peace. The utopian illusion was that future was predictable and rules could prescribe behaviour in conflicts to come. Bo Stråth examines the reiterative bicentenary cycle since 1815, where each new postwar period built on a design for a project for European unification. He sets out the key historical events and the continuous struggle with nationalism, linking them to legal, political and economic thought. Biographical sketches of the most prominent thinkers and actors provide the human element to this narrative. Europe's Utopias of Peace presents a new perspective on the ideological, legal, economic and intellectual conditions that shaped Europe since the 19th century and presents this in a global context. It challenges the conventional narrative on Europe's past as a progressive enlightenment heritage, highlighting the ambiguities of the legacies that pervade the institutional structures of contemporary Europe. Its long-term historical perspective will be invaluable for students of contemporary Europe or modern European history.

Download or read book Croatia as a Stabilizing Factor for Peace in Europe written by Marin Sopta and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: