Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Personal Semantics written by Annick Tanguay and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term memory system for what is conscious and can be verbalized - declarative memory- is often separated into memory for general facts and memory for personal events (Squire, 2009; Tulving, 2002). Personal semantics share elements of both semantic memory (i.e., they are facts that can be known) and episodic memory (i.e., they are self-related and idiosyncratic; Renoult, Davidson, Palombo, Moscovitch, & Levine, 2012). According to the taxonomy of personal semantics (Renoult et al., 2012), they vary in proximity to either semantic or episodic memory. Towards one end of the continuum, memory for autobiographical facts such as jobs and names of friends were hypothesized to be closer to general facts. Towards the other end of the continuum, repeated events are summaries of the core elements of similar events that happened more than once (e.g., getting coffee at a coffee shop), and they were hypothesized to be closer to episodic memory (i.e., the recollection of a unique event). Self-knowledge involves self-reflection about one's own personality traits and preferences; it was thought to be the most distinct from semantic and episodic memory. However, little research had compared personal semantics to both semantic and episodic memory, or to one another, and these proposals needed to be tested experimentally. In this thesis, I compared the neural correlates of three types of personal semantics to semantic memory (study 1, 2, 3) and episodic memory (study 1, 2), and to one another (study 1) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; study 1) and event related potentials (ERPs; study 2, 3). Moreover, I examined whether temporal orientation modified the personal semantics' relationship to the typically atemporal semantic memory (study 2, 3) and to the typically past-oriented episodic memory (study 2). In study 1, general facts, autobiographical facts, repeated events, and unique events were compared using fMRI, in a follow-up to an ERP study (Renoult et al., 2016). In our analyses of the hippocampus (HPC) and posterior medial network (Ritchey, Libby, & Ranganath, 2015), general semantics and autobiographical facts were often not significantly different from one another (except for the left posterior HPC), and repeated events and unique events did not differ from one another in any comparison. I observed a small graded increase of brain activity from general facts to autobiographical facts to repeated events and unique events (with a significant linear trend) in the left posterior HPC. In contrast, no memory type differed in the anterior temporal network (Ritchey et al., 2015). In study 2 and 3, self-knowledge was operationalized as the knowledge of one's own traits, and could concern past (study 2), present (study 2, 3) and future selves (study 2, 3). A neural correlate of recollection, the Late Positive Component (LPC), had a larger mean amplitude for thinking about the self than others (study 2, 3), and thinking about a past and/or future self than the present self (on average for study 2, and significant for study 3). The amplitude of the LPC for thinking about the past and future selves did not differ from an episodic recognition memory task (or present self-knowledge; study 2). Further, the temporal orientation effect was smaller and not significant when we compared thinking about the present and the future traits of others (study 3). The operationalization of the "other" as a close friend or a group of people did not modify this result (study 3). Together, in addition to Renoult et al. (2016), these findings suggest that: the neural correlates of autobiographical facts, repeated events, and self-knowledge do not overlap perfectly with semantic or episodic memory. Moreover, the temporal orientation of the knowledge is one factor that can influence the proximity of the neural correlates of personal semantics to either semantic or episodic memory.
Download or read book The Neural Bases of Autobiographical Memory written by Ekaterina Denkova and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of the present thesis has to help improving our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying autobiographical memory (AbM), particularly how personal recollections interact with emotion and influence semantic memory Our first study investigated the neural correlates of spontaneous re-living of emotion during recollection of personal event cued with personally known faces. Our findings suggested that the use of highly self-relevant stimuli and the collection of data with no previous refreshment of the memory trace (i) influenced the right lateralisation of the activation in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and (ii) involved increased activity in the cortical midline structures and subcortical circuits, known to sustain the self-generated emotion, even though no emotion was explicitly acknowledged. In our second study, the aforementioned nonverbal experiment was compared with a verbal one involving pre-scanning testing in order to clarify whether the lateralisation issue of the general network sustaining AbM retrieval. Our finding of a predominantly left-lateralized cerebral network in both experiments suggested that left-sided pattern of brain activations is associated with AbM retrieval per se in healthy subjects. The third experimental work of the present thesis focused on the influence of autobiographical significance on the semantic memory cerebral network. Our results provided functional neuroimaging evidence that autobiographically significant semantic knowledge relies on a pattern of brain activations different from that underlying 'purely' semantic knowledge, with the core difference being located at the MTL. The last study investigated the neuronanatomical representations of both autobiographical and semantic remote memory in two patients presenting with left temporal lobe epilepsy. (i) We provided functional neuroimaging evidence of the dissociation within remote memory (autobiographical vs semantic). (ii) Importantly, we documented dissociation within semantic memory for famous people according to the nature of material. Our last experimental work confirms the importance of combining neuropsychological and neuroimaging methods in appropriate patients in order to better understand human memory functions.
Download or read book Neuronal Correlates of Empathy written by Ksenia Z. Meyza and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal Correlates of Empathy: From Rodent to Human explores the neurobiology behind emotional contagion, compassionate behaviors and the similarities in rodents and human and non-human primates. The book provides clear and accessible information that avoids anthropomorphisms, reviews the latest research from the literature, and is essential reading for neuroscientists and others studying behavior, emotion and empathy impairments, both in basic research and preclinical studies. Though empathy is still considered by many to be a uniquely human trait, growing evidence suggests that it is present in other species, and that rodents, non-human primates, and humans share similarities. - Examines the continuum of behavioral and neurobiological responses between rodents—including laboratory rodents and monogamic species—and humans - Contains coverage of humans, non-human primates, and the emerging area of rodent studies - Explores the possibility of an integrated neurocircuitry for empathy
Download or read book The Autobiographical Memory Interview written by Michael D. Kopelman and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Semantic Processing written by Wolfram Hinzen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue presents a selection of approaches to the cognitive neuroscience of semantic processing. The term 'semantics' covers a range of approaches: perception-based conceptual structures, the impact of concepts such as animacy on syntactically determined meaning, the unification of incoming information in the construction of a discourse model, and the neural correlates of formal operations of sentence-level semantic composition. The issue provides a platform in which the diversity of approaches can be seen in context and compared. The aim of the issue is to delineate pathways along which a well-circumscribed area of research in semantic processing could be pursued.
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Semantic and Lexical Aspects of Visual Word Processing written by Michele Theresa Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Basic Semantic Composition written by Astrid Graessner and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semantic Cognition written by Timothy T. Rogers and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mechanistic theory of the representation and use of semantic knowledge that uses distributed connectionist networks as a starting point for a psychological theory of semantic cognition.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Self referential Processing written by Rebecca D. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Semantic and Syntactic Language Functions written by Oliver Stock and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neuropsychology of Face Perception and Facial Expression written by Raymond Bruyer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Remembering Our Past written by David C. Rubin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-02-13 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the latest research in the field of autobiographical memory.
Download or read book Elucidating the Neural Basis of the Self written by Bruce L. Miller and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this special issue, leading neuroscientists and neurologists present comprehensive review papers and empirical studies on the topic of the neural basis of self-identification. From philosophical definitions to single-case studies, the articles provide the reader with a broad view of the self in contemporary neuroscience. Review papers address the fundamental question of how to define and study the construct of identity. Methods in empirical studies range from socio-linguistic analyses to neuroimaging and diverse patient populations. As a whole, this issue provides a diverse sample of the myriad of ways in which identity is defined and studied in contemporary neuroscience.
Download or read book Electrocorticographic Representations of Semantic Information in the Human Cortex written by Nicholas Paul Szrama and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semantics is a broad field of research that examines the literal meanings behind words, objects, concepts, and actions. Semantic memory is a critical component of our daily interactions with the world and it describes the cumulative knowledge that we acquire throughout our lifetime. Despite its importance, there is an incomplete understanding of how semantic information is organized, accessed, and retrieved in the brain. In this body of work, electrocorticographic (ECoG) potentials are recorded from five subjects while they perform a variant of the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott false memory experiment. By design, the auditory word stimuli used in this experiment were chosen to have strong semantic relationships with multiple non-presented semantic concepts. This design allowed the neural correlates to semantic information to be examined without an excessive repetition of identical word stimuli. In addition to these predefined semantic concepts, higher order semantic relationships across all sets of words were also studied using word2vec word embeddings. The DRM task was found to elicit strong high gamma ECoG power increases along the superior temporal gyrus during the auditory presentation of the stimuli. However, ECoG spectral power estimates did not distinguish individual semantic concepts or low-level semantic categories. Weak but significant correlations with semantic word embeddings particularly in the delta band were observed both in the within-electrode univariate ECoG spectral power patterns and the cross-electrode spatial ECoG power patterns. Additionally, repetition suppression patterns in ECoG power were unable to significantly discriminate different semantic concepts. Event-related potentials were also unable to distinguish individual semantic categories. In contrast to semantics, ECoG power at multiple frequencies were shown to reliably track the auditory envelope with a high correlation, statistically distinguish multiple vowels and consonants, and significantly (negatively) correlated with estimates of word imageability and word frequency. Taken together, these findings illustrate the degree of language-based information available within macroscale electrocorticographic recordings.
Download or read book The Functional Neuroanatomy of Autobiographical Memory written by Eva-Maria Svoboda and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autobiographical memory (AM) entails a complex set of operations, including episodic memory, self-reflection, emotion, visual imagery, attention, executive functions, and semantic processes. The heterogeneous nature of AM poses significant challenges in capturing its behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates. Investigators have recently turned their attention to the functional neuroanatomy of AM. We used the effect-location method of meta-analysis to analyze data from 24 functional imaging studies of AM. The results indicated a core neural network of left-lateralized regions, including the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal, medial and lateral temporal and retrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortices, the temporoparietal junction and the cerebellum. Secondary and tertiary regions, less frequently reported in imaging studies of AM, are also identified. We examined the neural correlates of putative component processes in AM, including, executive functions, self-reflection, episodic remembering and visuospatial processing. We also separately analyzed the effect of select variables on the AM network across individual studies, including memory age, qualitative factors (personal significance, level of detail and vividness), semantic and emotional content, and the effect of reference conditions. We found that memory age effects on medial temporal lobe structures may be modulated by qualitative aspects of memory. Studies using rest as a control task masked process-specific components of the AM neural network. Our findings support a neural distinction between episodic and semantic memory in AM. Finally, emotional events produced a shift in lateralization of the AM network with activation observed in emotion-centered regions and deactivation (or lack of activation) observed in regions associated with cognitive processes.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory Two Volume Pack written by Michael J. Kahana and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-04-26 with total page 2426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory provides an authoritative overview of the science of human memory, its application to clinical disorders, and its broader implications for learning and memory in real-world contexts. Organized into two volumes and eleven sections, the Handbook integrates behavioral, neural, and computational evidence with current theories of how we learn and remember. Overall, The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory documents the current state of knowledge in the field and provides a roadmap for the next generation of memory scientists, established peers, and practitioners.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Lexical semantic Ambiguity Processing of Polarized Homonyms written by Martina Hurschler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
