Download or read book The Improvement of Yield Limiting Switchgrass Panicum Virgatum L Traits Through Genomic Prediction and Selection written by Neal Wepking Tilhou and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic prediction allows the estimation of breeding values for individuals in a breeding program using molecular markers. In plant breeding, this can improve the precision of field evaluations or even allow a breeder to bypass time-intensive field evaluations altogether. Switchgrass is a candidate bioenergy crop which must be rapidly developed and deployed to mitigate climate change caused by excess carbon emissions. Switchgrass is a long-lived perennial with slow selection cycles (4-6 years), therefore accurate genomic prediction of yield or yield surrogates will be valuable for rapid cultivar development. This dissertation presents multiple applications of genomic prediction which can accelerate yield improvement in switchgrass. The first chapter is a review of recent developments of bioenergy, switchgrass agronomy, and genomic prediction. The second chapter evaluates genomic prediction of flowering time to improve biomass yield. It found limited value in sharing information between diverged switchgrass breeding populations, but that genomic prediction within breeding populations had strong predictive ability (0-43-0.90) and flowering time predictions were able to accurately rank individuals evaluated for biomass yield (0.38-0.63). The third chapter evaluated genomic prediction for winter survivorship on crosses from diverse, winter-intolerant populations. Again, genomic prediction was able to accurately predict winter survivorship in a progeny population (predictive ability = 0.71) and this chapter further reinforced that winter tolerant populations from the southern United States have strong biomass yield potential in the north-central United States. The fourth chapter presents simulations which tested pooled sequencing of DNA samples as a strategy to reduce the expense of adopting genomic prediction. Overall, pooling samples of individuals evaluated in the field and individuals sequenced to obtain predictions consistently resulted in reduced predictive ability. However, this loss in accuracy was often minor relative to the substantial cost savings provided by pooled DNA sequencing. In resource constrained scenarios, this study found multiple routes where DNA pooling could increase breeding progress. The research presented in this dissertation highlights multiple new breeding strategies and methods for integrating genomic prediction methods into switchgrass and other breeding programs with limited resources.
Download or read book Accuracy of Genomic Prediction in Switchgrass Panicum Virgatum L Improved by Accounting for Linkage Disequilibrium written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass is a relatively high-yielding and environmentally sustainable biomass crop, but further genetic gains in biomass yield must be achieved to make it an economically viable bioenergy feedstock. Genomic selection (GS) is an attractive technology to generate rapid genetic gains in switchgrass, and meet the goals of a substantial displacement of petroleum use with biofuels in the near future. In this study, we empirically assessed prediction procedures for genomic selection in two different populations, consisting of 137 and 110 half-sib families of switchgrass, tested in two locations in the United States for three agronomic traits: dry matter yield, plant height, and heading date. Marker data were produced for the families' parents by exome capture sequencing, generating up to 141,030 polymorphic markers with available genomic-location and annotation information. We evaluated prediction procedures that varied not only by learning schemes and prediction models, but also by the way the data were preprocessed to account for redundancy in marker information. More complex genomic prediction procedures were generally not significantly more accurate than the simplest procedure, likely due to limited population sizes. Nevertheless, a highly significant gain in prediction accuracy was achieved by transforming the marker data through a marker correlation matrix. Our results suggest that marker-data transformations and, more generally, the account of linkage disequilibrium among markers, offer valuable opportunities for improving prediction procedures in GS. Furthermore, some of the achieved prediction accuracies should motivate implementation of GS in switchgrass breeding programs.
Download or read book Inference of Candidate Causal Variants and Assessment of Genomic Prediction for Bioenergy Traits in Switchgrass Panicum Virgatum L written by Guillaume Paul Ramstein and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular breeding based on DNA markers has the potential to accelerate genetic gains in switchgrass, a perennial grass and potential source of bioenergy feedstock in the eastern half of the United States. Though this species shows promise for energy production, substantial genetic gains for yield and quality are still critical for viability of switchgrass-based industries. In this dissertation, the prospect of using DNA markers in switchgrass breeding is studied under two modelling approaches: either using association models based on few significant markers, or using prediction models based on genome-wide marker information. The first chapter provides an overview on switchgrass as a potential bioenergy crop and introduces concepts and challenges related to improvement for biomass yield and quality traits in this species. The second chapter reports a genome-wide association study on a diverse panel in switchgrass and introduces methods for prioritizing pairs of markers for subsequent testing of marker-by-marker interactions. A total of 12 additive and interactive effects were identified for plant height, carbon content and mineral concentration. The third chapter reports an empirical assessment of genomic prediction in two switchgrass breeding panels and introduces methods to account for redundancy in marker information under such models. Good prediction accuracies were achieved, most notably for biomass yield in one of the breeding panels, and significant gain in prediction accuracy was achieved in one of the cases studied by accounting for redundancy in marker information. The last chapter of this dissertation assesses existing and novel methods for accommodating population heterogeneity in genomic prediction models, under three different strategies: ignoring, reducing or modelling interactions between markers and populations. While ignoring interactions was often not detrimental to accuracy, reducing interactions by selecting a diverse subset of individuals proved useful under conditions of restricted sample sizes, and modelling interactions proved beneficial to accuracy when the interactive model fitted the data substantially better than the standard models. The research presented in this disseration may contribute to general methodologies related to genetic analyses and should support further studies on the optimization of prediction models and the dissection of genetic architecture for bioenergy traits in switchgrass.
Download or read book Genetic Improvement of Biomass Yield in Upland Switchgrass Panicum Virgatum L Using Secondary Plant Morphological Traits written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is currently undergoing intensive breeding efforts to improve biomass yield. Direct selection for biomass yield in switchgrass has proven difficult due to the many factors influencing biomass yield. In developing breeding schemes for increasing biomass yield, consideration must be made to the relative importance of spaced plantings to sward plots for evaluation and selection. It has previously been suggested that selection schemes using secondary plant morphological traits as selection criteria within spaced plantings may be an efficient method of making genetic gain. This research sought to identify secondary morphological traits in parental plants that are predictive of biomass yield in progeny swards, estimate heritability of secondary morphological traits and empirically test the effects of direct selection for secondary morphological traits on biomass yield. Limited predictive ability was observed for sward biomass yield using individual and combinations of plant morphological traits. A comparison of models using a Bayesian model averaging approach revealed common traits among the best predictive models including plant height, single-plant dry biomass, and second leaf width. Predictions of single-plant biomass, using the same set of morphological traits, revealed a large effect for tillering related traits. Moderate heritability was estimated for plant height and was greater for selection of increased height. Heritability for tiller count was low overall, with greater values observed for reduced tillering selections. Flowering date was estimated to have high heritability overall in both selection directions. Divergently selected populations for each trait were developed from the WS4U upland tetraploid germplasm and evaluated for biomass yield at five locations in Wisconsin during two growing seasons. Significant variation was observed between maternal parents of the selected populations for both selected and non-selected traits. Despite substantial differences between parent plant populations for plant morphology, significant differences were not observed for sward-plot biomass yield or sward-plot morphology relative to the base population. Results of this research demonstrate the challenges of selecting for increased biomass yield in switchgrass within spaced-plant nurseries. Based on these results it is recommended that greater emphasis be placed on evaluation biomass yield within sward plots for improving biomass yield.
Download or read book Molecular Breeding for Winter Survivorship in Lowland Switchgrass written by Hari Prasad Poudel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High winter mortality is the most important factor limiting biomass yield of lowland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) planted in the northern latitudes of North America. Breeding of cold tolerant switchgrass cultivars requires several years because of the perennial growth habit and strong dependence on weather conditions that generate sufficient selection pressure to identify winter hardy individuals. Marker-based breeding approaches have the potential to accelerate genetic gains in lowland switchgrass by reducing the length of the breeding cycle and reducing dependence on weather. In this dissertation, the prospect of using DNA markers for improving winter survival of lowland switchgrass was studied using two molecular approaches: identification and discovery of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genomic prediction using genome-wide markers. The first chapter provides insights into the molecular mechanism of freezing tolerance and identifies QTL studies relating to freezing tolerance in economically important crop species within the grass family. QTL conferring freezing tolerance are highly conserved among species belonging to the Pooideae subfamily, but little is known about similar mechanisms within the Pancoideae. The second chapter reports the development of a genetic linkage map and identification of QTL in a bi-parental mapping population. A total of six QTL, one each on chromosomes 1K, 5K, 5N, 6K, 6N and 9K, were identified within this population. These QTL are specific to this population studied and may not necessarily be helpful in improving other populations. Therefore, in chapter three, a low-cost method of QTL identification based on bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was performed simultaneously on 21 natural or open-pollinated lowland switchgrass populations of highly diverse origins. DNA pools were created from survivor and non-survivor groups within each of the 21 populations and at each of two evaluation locations, evaluated statistically using BSA. Twenty-five potential QTL were identified across the genome, of which QTL on chromosomes 8K and 8N were deemed most prominent. Some of the QTL were present in multiple populations across a broad geographic landscape, while other QTL were specific to a single site of origin. The QTL identified in this study could be helpful in improving single populations or multiple populations based on marker-based selection approaches. The last chapter evaluates the potential of using genomic prediction models for predicting genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) for winter survival in lowland switchgrass across multiple populations of diverse origin. Validation of the model was performed using two independent datasets: (1) correlating indirect indicators of winter adaptation based on geographic and climatic variables of accessions from different source locations with GEBV and (2) using phenotypic winter survival estimates from independent populations and experiments to correlate with GEBV. The predicted winter survival of lowland switchgrass indicated latitudinal and longitudinal variability, with the northeast USA the region for most cold tolerant lowland populations. Modeling for population heterogeneity improved the prediction accuracy to some extent but the genetic relationship between the training and validation populations was found to be more influential. The findings from this dissertation provide valuable opportunities for improving winter survival and accelerating breeding of low-temperature-tolerant lowland switchgrass suitable for the northern latitudes.
Download or read book Genomic Selection in Plants written by Ani A. Elias and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic selection (GS) is a promising tool in the field of breeding especially in the era where genomic data is becoming cheaper. The potential of this tool has not been realized due to its limited adaptation in various crops. Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) has been the method of choice for plant breeders while using the genomic information in the breeding pipeline. MAS, however, fails to capture vital minor gene effects while focusing only on the major genes, which is not ideal for breeding advancement especially for quantitative traits such as yield. The main aim of statistical methodologies coming under the umbrella of GS on using the whole genome information is to predict potential candidates for breeding advancement while optimizing the use of resources such as land, manpower, and most importantly time. Lack of proper understanding of the methods and their applications is one of the reasons why breeders shy away from this tool. The book is meant for biologists, especially breeders, and provides a comprehensive idea of the statistical methodologies used in GS, guidance on the choice of models, and design of datasets. The book also encourages the readers to adopt GS by demonstrating the current scenarios of these models in some of the important crops among oilseeds, vegetables, legumes, tuber crops, and cereals. For ease of implementation of GS, the book also provides hands-on scripts on GS data design and modeling in a popular open-source statistical program. Additionally, prospective in GS model development and thereby enhancement in crop improvement programs is discussed.
Download or read book Evaluation of Traits Associated with Breeding for Improved Biomass and Ethanol Yield in Switchgrass written by Virginia Roseanna Sykes and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial, warm season grass that can be used as a biofuel. A greater understanding of the relationship of biomass yield and ethanol yield with disease susceptibility and morphological traits, estimation of the underlying genetic parameters of these traits, and the efficacy of selection at different maturity and under different production conditions could help breeders more effectively develop improved biofuel switchgrass cultivars. To examine these issues, three studies were performed. The first examined switchgrass leaves exhibiting low, medium, and high severity of rust symptoms, caused by infection with Puccinia emaculata. Results indicate P. emaculata infection may negatively impact ethanol yield in biofuels switchgrass with predicted ethanol yield reductions of 10% to 34% in leaves exhibiting medium rust severity and 21% to 51% in leaves exhibiting high rust severity. The second study analyzed a diallel of eight parents selected from the cultivars ‘Alamo’, ‘Kanlow’, and ‘Miami’. Correlations of morphological traits to biomass yield indicate a high biomass yielding ideotype of a tall plant with a high number of thick tillers, wide leaves, and an open canopy density. Traits with moderate correlations to biomass yield showed significant, but weak, negative correlations to ethanol yield. Significant SCA effects, maternal effects, and high parent heterosis were found within all traits. Selection during the establishment year did not differ significantly from selection in subsequent years. The third study used the same diallel populations but compared evaluations under space planted conditions to simulated swards. Evaluation under sward conditions differed from evaluation under space planted conditions for estimates of mean production performance, characterization of morphological traits, estimates of genetic parameters, identification of high GCA and SCA in populations, and identification of potential maternal effects or high parent heterosis. If sward conditions are more representative of production conditions, evaluation under space planted conditions could lead to assessment and selection of plants that are less than optimal in production conditions. Results from these three studies should help breeders identify more efficient and effective methods for improving biofuel switchgrass cultivars.
Download or read book Genetic Diversity Genetic Variation and Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci QTL Associated with Biomass Yield and Establishment related Traits in Lowland Switchgrass Panicum Virgatum L written by Cheryl Ontolan Dalid and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass is a warm-season C4 grass used for biofuel production. The primary goal of this study is biomass yield improvement for use as a bioenergy feedstock. The research plan was partitioned into three main objectives: (i) evaluate the genetic diversity among lowland switchgrass populations using microsatellite markers; (ii) assess genetic variation in an Alamo half-sib (AHS) population developed through phenotypic selection; (iii) and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with biomass yield and establishment related seed traits using a Nested Association Mapping (NAM) population. The genetic diversity study on lowland switchgrass showed significant phenotypic variations (P
Download or read book Deciphering Natural Allelic Variation in Switchgrass for Biomass Yield and Quality Using a Nested Association Mapping Population written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 grass with high biomass yield potential and a model species for bioenergy feedstock development. Understanding the genetic basis of quantitative traits is essential to facilitate genome-enabled breeding programs. The nested association mapping (NAM) analysis combines the best features of both bi-parental and association analyses and can provide high power and high resolution in QTL detection and will ensure significant improvements in biomass yield and quality. To develop a NAM population of switchgrass, 15 highly diverse genotypes with specific characteristics were selected from a diversity panel and crossed to a recurrent parent, AP13, a genotype selected for whole genome sequencing and parent of a mapping population. Ten genotypes from each of the 15 F1 families were then chain crossed. Progenies form each family were randomly selected to develop the NAM population. The switchgrass NAM population consists of a total of 2000 genotypes from 15 families. All the progenies, founder parents, F1 parents (n=2350) were evaluated in replicated field trials at Ardmore, OK and Knoxville, TN. Phenotypic data on plant height, tillering ability, regrowth, flowering time, and biomass yield were collected. Dried biomass samples were also analyzed using prediction equations of NIRS at the Noble Foundation and for lignin content, S/G ratio, and sugar release characteristics at the NREL. Genomic shotgun sequencing of 15 switchgrass NAM founder parental genomes at JGI produced 28-66 Gb high-quality sequence data. Alignment of these sequences with the reference genome, AP13 (v3.0), revealed that up to 99% of the genomic sequences mapped to the reference genome. A total of 2,149 individuals from NAM populations were sequenced by exome capture and two sets of 15 SNP matrices (one for each family) were generated. QTL associated with important traits have been identified and verified in breeding populations. The QTL detected and their associated markers can be used in molecular breeding programs to facilitate development of improved switchgrass cultivars for biofuel production.
Download or read book Genetic Modification of Switchgrass Panicum Virgatum L for Improvement of Plant Architecture Biomass Productivity and Sugar Release Efficiency for Biofuel written by Wegi Aberra Wuddineh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a leading candidate bioenergy crop for sustainable biofuel production. To ensure its economic viability, tremendous improvements in switchgrass biomass productivity and recalcitrance to enzymatic saccharification are needed. Genetic manipulation of lignin biosynthesis by targeting transcriptional regulators of higher level domains of lignin biosynthesis and other complex traits could alter several bioenergy-desirable traits at once. A three-pronged approach was made in the dissertation research to target one plant growth regulator and transcription factors to alter plant architecture a nd cell wall biosynthesis. Gibberellin (GA) catabolic enzymes, GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs), were utilized to alternatively modify the lignin biosynthesis pathway as GA is known to play a role in plant lignification. Constitutive overexpression of switchgrass C20 [C20] GA2ox genes altered plant morphology and modified plant architecture by increasing the number of tillers. Moreover, transgenic plants exhibited reduced lignin especially in leaves accompanied by 15% increase in sugar release (glucose). The Knotted1 (PvKN1) TF, a putative repressor of lignin biosynthesis genes, was identified and evaluated for improving biomass characteristics of switchgrass for biofuel. Its ectopic overexpression in switchgrass altered the expression of genes in the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis, and GA signalling pathways. Consequently, transgenic lines displayed altered growth phenotypes particularly at early stages of vegetative development and moderate changes in lignin content accompanied by improved sugar release by up to 16%. The APETALA2/ ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) TFs are key putative targets for engineering plants not only so they can withstand adverse environmental factors but also confer modified cell wall characteristics. To facilitate this, a total of 207 switchgrass AP2/ERF TFs comprising 3 families (AP2, ERF and related to API3/VP (RAV)) were identified. Sequence analysis for conserved putative motifs and expression pattern analysis delimited key genes for manipulation of switchgrass. To that end, the PvERF001 TF gene was ectopically overexpressed resulting in improved biomass yield and sugar release efficiency. The transgenic plants and knowledge produced in this research will be used to create new lines of switchgrass with combined novel traits to address needs in biofuel production and sustainable plant cultivation to enable the development of the bioeconomy.
Download or read book Evaluation of Swicthgrass Panicum Virgatum L as a Bioenergy Feedstock for the Northeastern and Mid Atlantic USA written by Laura Mary Cortese and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm season, C4 perennial grass native to most of North America with numerous applications, including use as a bioenergy feedstock. Although switchgrass has emerged as a bioenergy crop throughout the midwestern and southern US, little information is available on the performance of switchgrass in the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic. In the first genetic diversity study of switchgrass populations to utilize both morphological and molecular markers, it was found that the combination of morphological and molecular markers differentiated populations best, and should be useful in future applications such as genetic diversity studies, plant variety protection, and cultivar identification. In a study that evaluated several bioenergy traits of 10 switchgrass cultivars in NJ, populations with improved agronomic characteristics were identified. Cultivar Timber exhibited the best combination of characteristics and has promise for biomass production in the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic US. In a third study, the effects of cultivar, location, and harvest date on biomass yield, dry matter, ash, and combustion energy content in three switchgrass cultivars were investigated. Results indicated that a January harvest allowed for optimal feedstock quality and that cultivars Alamo, Carthage, and Timber produced high yielding, high quality biomass. In an effort to improve the establishment capacity of switchgrass, a fourth study was conducted examining the effects of divergent selection for seed weight on germination and emergence in three switchgrass populations over two cycles of selection, and cold stratification on germination in the derived populations. Selection for seed weight alone was not sufficient to improve germination and germination rate in populations tested, while cold stratification improved germination. Therefore, breeding efforts should be directed towards reducing dormancy in order to improve switchgrass germination and establishment. The final two studies examined genotype x environment effects, estimated broad-sense heritability, and stability analysis on lignocellulosic and agronomic traits in switchgrass clones grown on marginal and prime soils in NJ. Results support the existence of both specifically and broadly adapted switchgrass germplasm, and demonstrate the need for evaluation of germplasm across multiple years and environments (including prime and marginal sites) in order to develop cultivars with optimal lignocellulosic and agronomic characteristics.
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Switchgrass written by Andrea Monti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-09 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for renewable energies from biomass is growing steadily as policies are enacted to encourage such development and as industry increasingly sees an opportunity to develop bio-energy enterprises. Recent policy changes in the EU, USA and other countries are spurring interest in the cultivation of energy crops such as switchgrass. Switchgrass has gained and early lead in the race to find a biomass feedstock for energy production (and for the almost requisite need for bio-based products from such feedstocks). Switchgrass: A Valuable Biomass Crop for Energy provides a comprehensive guide to the biology, physiology, breeding, culture and conversion of switchgrass as well as highlighting various environmental, economic and social benefits. Considering this potential energy source, Switchgrass: A Valuable Biomass Crop for Energy brings together chapters from a range of experts in the field, including a foreword from Kenneth P. Vogel, to collect and present the environmental benefits and characteristics of this a crop with the potential to mitigate the risks of global warming by replacing fossil fuels. Including clear figures and tables to support discussions, Switchgrass: A Valuable Biomass Crop for Energy provides a solid reference for anyone with interest or investment in the development of bioenergy; researchers, policy makers and stakeholders will find this a key resource.
Download or read book Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops written by J. G. Coors and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the momentous contributions of hybrid crop varieties with worldwide experts. Topics include an overview, quantitative genetics, genetic diversity, biochemistry and molecular biology, methodologies, commercial strategies, and examples from numerous crops.
Download or read book Plant Genomics written by Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant genomics aims to sequence, characterize, and study the genetic compositions, structures, organizations, functions, and interactions/networks of an entire plant genome. Its development and advances are tightly interconnected with proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, transgenomics, genomic selection, bioinformatics, epigenomics, phenomics, system biology, modern instrumentation, and robotics sciences. Plant genomics has significantly advanced over the past three decades in the land of inexpensive, high-throughput sequencing technologies and fully sequenced over 100 plant genomes. These advances have broad implications in every aspect of plant biology and breeding, powered with novel genomic selection and manipulation tools while generating many grand challenges and tasks ahead. This Plant genomics provides some updated discussions on current advances, challenges, and future perspectives of plant genome studies and applications.
Download or read book Neural Networks in Finance and Investing written by Robert R. Trippi and published by Irwin Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely updated version of the classic first edition offers a wealth of new material reflecting the latest developments in teh field. For investment professionals seeking to maximize this exciting new technology, this handbook is the definitive information source.
Download or read book Achievements of the National Plant Genome Initiative and New Horizons in Plant Biology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-04-20 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life on Earth would be impossible without plants. Humans rely on plants for most clothing, furniture, food, as well as for many pharmaceuticals and other products. Plant genome sciences are essential to understanding how plants function and how to develop desirable plant characteristics. For example, plant genomic science can contribute to the development of plants that are drought-resistant, those that require less fertilizer, and those that are optimized for conversion to fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. The National Plant Genome Initiative (NPGI) is a unique, cross-agency funding enterprise that has been funding and coordinating plant genome research successfully for nine years. Research breakthroughs from NPGI and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Arabidopsis 2010 Project, such as how the plant immune system controls pathogen defense, demonstrate that the plant genome science community is vibrant and capable of driving technological advancement. This book from the National Research Council concludes that these programs should continue so that applied programs on agriculture, bioenergy, and others will always be built on a strong foundation of fundamental plant biology research.
