Download or read book The Implications of Concurrent Increases in Temperature and CO sup 2 Concentration for Terrestrial C sup 3 Photosynthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study utilizes a mechanistic model of lea photosynthesis to examine the potential quantitative significance of the interaction of rising atmospheric. Carbon dioxide concentration (C[sub a]) and temperature on leaf photosynthesis. Predictions are compared to experimental measurements in which plants have been grown either in elevated C[sub a] in the field for extended periods or from seed in controlled environments, to examine the interaction of low temperature with elevated C[sub a]. Three questions addressed were: To what extent will increase in C[sub a] modify the response of leaf photosynthetic CO[sub 2] uptake (A) to temperature; is the decrease in photosynthesis at sub-optimal temperatures predicted for plants grown at elevated C[sub a], realized in practice Is photoinhibition accentuated in plants grown in the field at elevated C[sub a] for long-periods.

Download or read book The Implications of Concurrent Increases in Temperature and CO2 Concentration for Terrestrial C3 Photosynthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study utilizes a mechanistic model of lea photosynthesis to examine the potential quantitative significance of the interaction of rising atmospheric. Carbon dioxide concentration (C{sub a}) and temperature on leaf photosynthesis. Predictions are compared to experimental measurements in which plants have been grown either in elevated C{sub a} in the field for extended periods or from seed in controlled environments, to examine the interaction of low temperature with elevated C{sub a}. Three questions addressed were: To what extent will increase in C{sub a} modify the response of leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake (A) to temperature; is the decrease in photosynthesis at sub-optimal temperatures predicted for plants grown at elevated C{sub a}, realized in practice? Is photoinhibition accentuated in plants grown in the field at elevated C{sub a} for long-periods.

Download or read book The Implications of Concurrent Increases in Temperature and CO2 Concentration for Terrestrial C3 Photosynthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Potential Effects of Concurrent Increases in Temperature CO Sub 2 and O Sub 3 on Net Photosynthesis as Mediated by RubisCO written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the leaf level, under light saturating and light limiting conditions, it is shown that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration not only alters the scale of the response of carbon gain to rising temperature, but can alter the direction of response. These points bring into serious question the value of any predictions of plant production which ignore not only the direct effect Of C02 on carbon gain, but also the basic interactions of temperature, C02 and 03. Whilst many factors may potentially diminish the enhancement of lightsaturated leaf photosynthetic rates with increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, no mechanism has so far been identified which could remove the parallel stimulation of light-limited photosynthesis.

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photosynthesis Respiration and Climate Change written by Katie M. Becklin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and global climate conditions have altered photosynthesis and plant respiration across both geologic and contemporary time scales. Understanding climate change effects on plant carbon dynamics is critical for predicting plant responses to future growing conditions. Furthermore, demand for biofuel, fibre and food production is rapidly increasing with the ever-expanding global human population, and our ability to meet these demands is exacerbated by climate change. This volume integrates physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. We explore this topic in the context of modeling plant responses to climate, including physiological mechanisms that constrain carbon assimilation and the potential for plants to acclimate to rising carbon dioxide concentration, warming temperatures and drought. Additional chapters contrast climate change responses in natural and agricultural ecosystems, where differences in climate sensitivity between different photosynthetic pathways can influence community and ecosystem processes. Evolutionary studies over past and current time scales provide further insight into evolutionary changes in photosynthetic traits, the emergence of novel plant strategies, and the potential for rapid evolutionary responses to future climate conditions. Finally, we discuss novel approaches to engineering photosynthesis and photorespiration to improve plant productivity for the future. The overall goals for this volume are to highlight recent advances in photosynthesis and respiration research, and to identify key challenges to understanding and scaling plant physiological responses to climate change. The integrated perspectives and broad scope of research make this volume an excellent resource for both students and researchers in many areas of plant science, including plant physiology, ecology, evolution, climate change, and biotechnology. For this volume, 37 experts contributed chapters that span modeling, empirical, and applied research on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. Authors represent the following seven countries: Australia (6); Canada (9), England (5), Germany (2), Spain (3), and the United States (12).

Download or read book The Potential Effects of Concurrent Increases in Temperature CO2 and O3 on Net Photosynthesis as Mediated by Rubisco written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interactions of CO sub 2 with Temperature and Other Climate Variables written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objectives of this project were: (1) to examine experimentally, for major crop species, the interacting effects of CO2 concentration, temperature, and water availability on plant growth and development, (2) to model these interactions, and (3) to continue developing physiologically-based mechanistic models for predicting crop response to increased CO2 concentration and future global climate change. To meet these objectives, controlled-environment studies were conducted on cotton, lemon, rice, and soybean and a long-term open-top chamber study was continued on orange. Much progress was made on development of plant growth models for cotton, wheat, rice, and soybean. In addition, there were two special modeling efforts which have the potential for contributing to all of the crop models. These efforts are concerned with modeling root growth and physical and chemical processes in soil and with modeling the effect of stomatal aperture on photosynthesis and transpiration rates as a function of CO2 concentration, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit. The root growth and soil process modeling is important because it enables us to estimate the water available to the plant. The modeling of effects of stomatal aperture on photosynthesis and transpiration rates enables them to estimate dry weight gain and water use by the plant. These are both important components of the interaction of CO2 concentration with temperature and water availability. The work on stomatal aperture, photosynthesis, and transpiration has the added benefit of allowing us to improve predictions of energy partitioning by the terrestrial biosphere. The lack of realistic energy partitioning is a serious deficiency of the present general circulation models which are used to predict how climate will change. An additional important aspect of the rice experiments is a study of methane emissions of paddy-grown (i.e., flooded) rice grown under two levels of CO2 and three temperature regimes.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide and Environmental Stress written by Yiqi Luo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-04-02 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of CO2 with Water, Temperature, Salinity, UV-B, Ozone, and Nutrients: -- T.C. Hsiao and R.B. Jackson, Interactive Effects of Water Stress and Elevated CO2 on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Water Use Efficiency. -- J.S. Amthor, Increasing Atmospheric CO2 Concentration, Water Use, and Water Stress: Scaling Up from the Plant to the Landscape. -- R.M.M. Crawford and D.W. Wolfe, Temperature: Cellular to Whole Plant and Population Responses. -- S.D. Smith, D.N. Jordan, and E.P. Hamerlynck, Effects of Elevated CO2 and Temperature Stress on Ecosystem Processes. -- R.E. Munns, G.R. Cramer, and M.C. Ball, Interactions Between Rising CO2, Soil Salinity, and Plant Growth. -- J. Rozema, A.H. Teramura, and M.M. Caldwell, Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment and Enhanced Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Gene to Ecosystem Responses. -- A. Polle and E.J. Pell, The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Modifying the Plant Response to Ozone. -- H.H. Rogers, G.B. Runion, S.A. Prior, and H.A. Torbert, Response of Plants ...

Download or read book Terrestrial Global Productivity written by Jacques Roy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trophic levels.

Download or read book Plant Performance at Low Atmospheric CO 2 microform Interactions with Phosphorus Supply and Growth Temperature written by Catherine Doris Campbell and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of the current anthropogenic rise in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 on plants and primary productivity can only be fully understood by examination of past variation in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Selection pressure at the low atmospheric CO2 concentration of the Pleistocene may have left a genetic legacy that limits plant responses to future increases in CO2 concentration. This thesis addresses the question of plant performance at low CO2 concentration, and how it is affected by temperature and phosphorus (P) deficiency. The interaction of P deficiency with CO2 concentration was examined using white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), which obtains P through proteoid roots, which are easily assayed in hydroponic culture. Low P reduced the growth of lupins at ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations, but not at sub-ambient CO2 concentrations. Under P deficiency, high CO2-grown plants produced more proteoid root clusters, but the activity of each cluster was similar in low, ambient and high CO2-grown plants. Photosynthesis, like growth, increased with growth CO2 concentration only when P was not limiting. These experiments indicate that, at the current concentration of atmospheric CO2, P already limits the ability of plants to respond to increased CO2 concentration. The shift from carbon limitation at low CO2 levels to P limitation under elevated CO2 levels may result in plant adaptations that are not optimal for current and future atmospheric CO2 levels. The whole-plant CO2 compensation point is the point at which CO2 assimilation is balanced by CO2 loss through respiration. To determine this, the relative leaf expansion rate of tobacco was measured over a range of CO2 concentrations from 100 to 270 mumol mol -1 at 3 temperatures (19/15, 25/20 and 30/25°C). Plants grown under low concentrations of CO2 showed reduced growth and increased mortality, particularly at warmer temperatures. The whole-plant CO2 compensation point was estimated to be between 75 and 80 mumol mol-1. Stressful conditions that increase plant carbon requirements might increase this, and prevent successful reproduction of C 3 plants at low atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Download or read book Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 and temperature in five British native species of contrasting functional type written by C M. Stirling and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acclimation of photosynthesis to growth at elevated CO2 concentration varies markedly between species. Species functionally classified as stress-tolerators (S) and ruderals (R), are thought to be incapable, or the least capable, of responding positively in terms of growth to elevated [CO2]. Is this pattern of response also apparent in leaf photosynthesis of wild S- and R-strategists? Acclimatory loss of a photosynthetic and growth response to elevated [CO2] is assumed to reflect limitation on capacity to utilize additional photosynthate. The doubling of pre-industrial global [CO2] is expected to coincide with a 3 degrees C increase in mean temperature which could stimulate growth; will photosynthetic capacity at elevated [CO2] be greater when the concurrent temperature increase is simulated? Five species from natural grassland of NW Europe and of contrasting ecological strategy were grown in hemispherical greenhouses, environmentally controlled to track the external microclimate. Within a replicated design, plants were grown at (i) current ambient [CO2] and temperature, (ii) elevated [CO2] (ambient + 340 mu mol mol(-1)) and ambient temperature, (iii) ambient [CO2] and elevated temperature (ambient + 3 degrees C), or (iv) elevated [CO2] and elevated temperature. After 75-104 days, the CO2 response of light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (A(sat)) was analysed in controlled-environment cuvettes in a field laboratory. There was no acclimatory loss of photosynthetic capacity with growth in elevated [CO2] or elevated temperature over this period in Poa alpina (S), Bellis perennis (R) or Plantago lanceolata (mixed C-S-R strategist), and a significant (P

Download or read book Impacts of Global Warming and Rising Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Physiology Development and Productivity of Midwestern Crops written by Ursula M. Ruiz Vera and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly CO2, drives increases in the global surface temperatures and is already impacting life on Earth. The impact of these changes on agro-ecosystem is particularly important as we rely on agriculture for food, fiber, and renewable energy, the demand for which is increasing as human population rises. Photosynthesis is the primary means by which plants sense rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 ((CO2)) and all metabolic pathways are responsive to changes in temperature. In this thesis, I address, first, the effects of rising (CO2) and increasing temperatures on photosynthesis, growth and yields for the tenth most productive crop, soybean. Environmental conditions are shown to strongly influence the progression of crops through vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Therefore, I next evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 and high temperature on vegetative and reproductive development for soybean. Maize, the second most productive crop in the world, is expected to behave different than soybean under conditions of elevated CO2 and high temperatures because this crop differs in its photosynthetic pathway. Thus, I evaluate the response of photosynthesis, growth and yield in maize under the same conditions presented for soybean. My research was conducted over three years using the Temperature by Free Air CO2 Enrichment experiment (T-FACE) which simulated conditions predicted by mid-century in terms of CO2 and temperature, at the SoyFACE research facility in Champaign, IL. For soybean, photosynthesis, growth and yield were reduced with high temperatures and increased with elevated CO2. However, rising both CO2 and temperature produced a variable response that was dependent on the weather conditions during the growing season. Soybean under the combined treatment did not perform better than under only elevated (CO2) but elevated CO2 helped to mitigate the decreases in photosynthesis under high temperature conditions. Additionally, soybean presented a faster vegetative development under increased temperature which offset the delay of reproductive development caused by elevated CO2. For maize, it was found that the increase in temperature reduced photosynthesis during reproductive stages while elevated CO2 had no effect on photosynthesis. A stimulation of vegetative biomass and a reduction of yield were observed with increased temperature, resulting in no change for the total above-ground biomass. The results in this thesis add evidence for the negative effects of global warming to photosynthesis and productivity in soybean and maize. Additionally, these results are different from predictions based on laboratory or enclose experiments for the CO2 plus temperature treatment, emphasizing the necessity for in-field experiments in order to have more reliable predictions of the effects of climate change on agriculture. This thesis contributes toward improved predictions of key agronomic species grown in the Midwestern agriculture in the context of climate change.

Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.

Download or read book Temperature and CO2 responses of leaf and canopy photosynthesis written by M G R (Melvin) Cannell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The responses of C-3 leaf and canopy gross photosynthesis to increasing temperature and CO2 can be readily understood in terms of the temperature and CO2 dependencies of quantum yield (phi(i)) and light-saturated photosynthesis (A(sat)) the two principal parameters in the non-rectangular hyperbola model of photosynthesis. Here, we define these dependencies within the mid-range for C-3 herbaceous plants, based on a review of the literature. Then, using illustrative parameter values, we deduce leaf and canopy photosynthesis responses to temperature and CO, in different environmental conditions (including shifts in the temperature optimum) from the assumed sensitivities of phi(i) and A(sat) to temperature and CO2. We show that: (1) elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis more at warm than at cool temperatures because of the large combined CO2-responses of both phi(i) and A(sat) at high temperatures; (2) elevated CO2 may substantially raise the temperature optimum of photosynthesis at warm temperatures, but not at the cool temperatures which prevail for much of the time at temperate and high latitudes; (3) large upward shifts in the temperature optimum of canopy gross photosynthesis occur at high irradiances, following the response of A(sat), and are probably important for global carbon fixation; (4) canopy gross photosynthesis shows smaller CO2-temperature interactions than leaf photosynthesis, because leaves in canopies receive lower average irradiances and sep more strongly follow the dependencies of phi(i); and (5) at very low irradiances, the temperature optimum of photosynthesis is low and is raised very little by increasing CO2.

Download or read book Biochemical Models of Leaf Photosynthesis written by Susanna Von Caemmerer and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing concerns of global climatic change have stimulated research in all aspects of carbon exchange. This has restored interest in leaf-photosynthetic models to predict and assess changes in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in different environments. This is a comprehensive presentation of the most widely used models of steady-state photosynthesis by an author who is a world authority. Treatments of C3, C4 and intermediate pathways of photosynthesis in relation to environment have been updated to include work on antisense transgenic plants. It will be a standard reference for the formal analysis of photosynthetic metabolism in vivo by advanced students and researchers.