Download or read book The Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on Adolescent Health Outcomes written by Leah Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 2006, Canada approved Gardasil, a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine designed to protect against types of HPV that cause 70% of cervical cancers and virtually all anogenital warts. Soon after, the Canadian government launched a publicly funded, school-based HPV vaccination program aimed at immunizing young girls. Despite considerable hype about Canada's HPV vaccination program, it also faced a great deal of controversy. For example, concerns were raised about the effectiveness of the vaccine, particularly in the young age group targeted for vaccination, as well as about the possibility that vaccination would lead to increased risky sexual behaviour. Today, there continues to be limited information on the real-world effects of this vaccine and none on the population-level impact of vaccination programs on the burden of disease. Moreover, the few observational studies on this topic have used a methodological approach that is vulnerable to irremediable confounding bias. The overall aim of my thesis work was to assess causal effects of HPV vaccination on adolescent health outcomes in Ontario, Canada. To this end, I used provincial administrative health and immunization databases to carry out a population-based, retrospective cohort study of 260,493 girls.The first objective of this thesis was to assess whether a quasi-experimental approach, known as the regression discontinuity design (RDD), would be appropriate for assessing the causal effects of Ontario's Grade 8 HPV vaccination program. This was done by assessing the assumptions of the RDD. The findings suggested that although the assumptions were generally satisfied, certain modifications to the standard RDD analyses were required. This manuscript is presented as an introduction to the RDD for health researchers and provides a tutorial on how to assess the fundamental assumptions of the RDD for a given study question.The second objective of this thesis was to use the RDD to evaluate the impact of the HPV vaccine and of Ontario's Grade 8 HPV vaccination program on cervical dysplasia and anogenital warts. Statistically significant reductions in dysplasia attributable to both vaccination (risk ratio [RR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36 to 0.87) and program eligibility (RR=0.79; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.94) were observed. Although not statistically significant, results also suggested clinically meaningful reductions in anogenital warts at both the vaccine level (RR=0.57 to 95% CI 0.20 to 1.58) and the program level (RR=0.81, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.25). These findings provide strong evidence of the early health benefits of publicly funded HPV vaccination in Canada.The third objective of this thesis was to assess the potential indirect effect of HPV vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour (i.e., pregnancy and non-HPV-related sexually transmitted infections). The results of this study provided no indication of an increase in risk of the composite endpoint attributable to the vaccine (RR=0.96, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.14) or the vaccination program (RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.06). Findings were similar when each endpoint was assessed separately. The results of this study suggest concerns over increased risky sexual behaviour following HPV vaccination are unwarranted and should not be a barrier to vaccination. This thesis contributes to advancing public health policy in Canada by providing the first evidence of the health effects of Canada's publicly funded HPV vaccination program. These results can be used to assist HPV vaccine educational efforts across Canada and to guide future HPV vaccine program research. This thesis also contributes to advancing epidemiological methodology by applying the regression discontinuity design, which is relatively new to epidemiology, to these questions. Additional research is needed to monitor and strengthen Canada's HPV vaccination program, as well as to further develop the flexibility of the RDD for epidemiological questions." --

Download or read book Deadly Choices written by Paul A. Offit and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renowned researcher vigorously challenges the anti-vaccine movement in this powerful defense of science in the face of fear.

Download or read book Gynaecological Cancers in Australia written by and published by AIHW. This book was released on 2012 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guide to Introducing HPV Vaccine Into National Immunization Programmes written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document is intended for use by national immunization programme managers and immunization partners to inform the policy discussions and operational aspects for the introduction of HPV vaccine into national immunization programmes and to provide upto-date references on the global policy, as well as the technical and strategic issues related to the introduction of HPV vaccine."--Publisher's description.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 8 written by Donald A. P. Bundy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.

Download or read book Effective Health Risk Messages written by Kim Witte and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2001-04-12 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective Health Risk Messages provides step-by-step instructions for developing theoretically-based campaigns that work. Worksheets are provided at the end of each chapter to provide practical experience.

Download or read book Canadian Immunization Guide written by Canada. Comité consultatif national de l'immunisation and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seventh edition of the Canadian Immunization Guide was developed by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), with the support ofthe Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, to provide updated information and recommendations on the use of vaccines in Canada. The Public Health Agency of Canada conducted a survey in 2004, which confi rmed that the Canadian Immunization Guide is a very useful and reliable resource of information on immunization.

Download or read book Examining the Impact of Healthcare Providers in Relation to Gaining Patient s Acceptance and Initiation of the HPV Vaccine written by Millie Elizabeth Knox and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent virus and the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Nearly 80 million people, approximately one in four, are currently infected in the United States (US). Given that HPV infections affects over 20 million Americans with possible life-threatening consequences, the importance of adhering to the recommended two-dose or three-dose vaccination series has a significant impact on cancer prevention. Research studies have suggested that adolescents and young adults are at an increased risk of STIs and low HPV vaccination rates. For this integrative review, the target population was adolescents to young adults, ages 9-26 years. Education on the benefits of HPV vaccination has been key to increasing vaccination rates. Healthcare costs associated with preventing and treating HPV-related conditions in the US have been at least $8.0 billion annually. HPV vaccines are the most effective and safest way to protect against HPV and a significant element in reducing future adverse health outcomes related to HPV. The Gardasil 9 vaccine is the recommended HPV vaccine, and it protects against the most high-risk strands of HPV, strands 16 and 18, plus several other high-risk strands that cause HPV-associated cancers and other abnormalities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that males and females between the ages of 9 and 26 be offered the Gardasil vaccine to combat HPV-related infections and cancers. The primary purpose of this integrative review was to examine the impact of the vaccine provider in relation to gaining the patient's acceptance and initiation of the HPV vaccine. Implications from this project may influence healthcare organizations to make HPV Gardasil vaccination a priority. Keywords: HPV, HPV vaccine, adolescents, prevention, education strategies, primary care providers (PCP)

Download or read book Red Book 2015 written by David W. Kimberlin and published by . This book was released on 2015-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The AAP's authoritative guide to the manifestations, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of more than 200 childhood conditions." -- Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Inequalities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Female Adolescents in the United States written by Alexis R. Santos and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation has the purpose of providing a comprehensive analysis of Human Papillomavirus vaccination for female adolescents in the United States. Built on the premise that vaccination is a long process that starts before the obtaining the vaccine it sheds light as to race/ethnic differences in HPV vaccine related outcomes at multiple stages starting with access to information and culminating with the completion of the series. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior/Theory of Reasoned Action (TPB/TRA) to justify the multiple stages approach and supported with multiple public health frameworks that drove the construction of the empirical models this dissertation aims to understand the role of race/ethnicity during each stage. This dissertation found race/ethnic disparities exist with regards to awareness about the HPV vaccine, where NH-Black and Hispanics are at lower probability of knowing about the vaccine. In this stage, differences are found for the effect of education and income level between race/ethnic groups. In the stages after awareness, the disparities transform with persons in race/ethnic minorities being more likely to accept and initiate the HPV vaccine series when compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. At the final stage (completion), the race/ethnic disparities are reduced to a marginal level, with Non-Hispanic Blacks having lower odds of completion. The results are discussed by comparing and contrasting the effects at the different stages. Eliminating race/ethnic differences in vaccination will require more than making the vaccine available. It will require addressing the fears towards the vaccine, by educating the parents about the benefits of it.

Download or read book Adverse Effects of Vaccines written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1900, for every 1,000 babies born in the United States, 100 would die before their first birthday, often due to infectious diseases. Today, vaccines exist for many viral and bacterial diseases. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, passed in 1986, was intended to bolster vaccine research and development through the federal coordination of vaccine initiatives and to provide relief to vaccine manufacturers facing financial burdens. The legislation also intended to address concerns about the safety of vaccines by instituting a compensation program, setting up a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, and by providing information to consumers. A key component of the legislation required the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to collaborate with the Institute of Medicine to assess concerns about the safety of vaccines and potential adverse events, especially in children. Adverse Effects of Vaccines reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence regarding adverse health events associated with specific vaccines covered by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), including the varicella zoster vaccine, influenza vaccines, the hepatitis B vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine, among others. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. It finds that while no vaccine is 100 percent safe, very few adverse events are shown to be caused by vaccines. In addition, the evidence shows that vaccines do not cause several conditions. For example, the MMR vaccine is not associated with autism or childhood diabetes. Also, the DTaP vaccine is not associated with diabetes and the influenza vaccine given as a shot does not exacerbate asthma. Adverse Effects of Vaccines will be of special interest to the National Vaccine Program Office, the VICP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine safety researchers and manufacturers, parents, caregivers, and health professionals in the private and public sectors.

Download or read book Vaccine Safety Communication written by WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide enables effective planning and implementation of proactive communication actions to promote understanding of the importance of vaccines in preventing illness and preventable deaths and raises awareness of vaccine risks and perceptions of risk. The guide also covers prompt and effective communication in response to an adverse event following immunization (AEFI) or any other vaccine safety concerns that threaten public trust in a vaccine and compliance with the immunization programme. The guide offers systematic scientific and practical approaches tips and tools to help strengthen the capacity of the various stakeholders in planning implementing managing monitoring and evaluating and documenting communication interventions around vaccine safety issues and immunization.

Download or read book Self Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents written by Tim Urdan and published by IAP. This book was released on 2006-02-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of the psychological construct of self-efficacy is widely acknowledged as one of the most important developments in the history of psychology. Today, it is simply not possible to explain phenomena such as human motivation, learning, self-regulation, and accomplishment without discussing the role played by self-efficacy beliefs. In this, the fifth volume of our series on adolescence and education, we focus on the self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents. We are proud and fortunate to be able to bring together the most prominent voices in the study of self-efficacy, including that of the Father of Social Cognitive Theory and of self-efficacy, Professor Albert Bandura. It is our hope, and our expectation, that this volume will become required reading for all students and scholars in the areas of adolescence and of motivation and, of course, for all who play a pivotal role in the education and care of youth.

Download or read book The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and HPV Vaccination Coverage in US Young Adults written by Shengruo Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect more than half of all children in the United States, and people with ACEs are more prone to various unhealthy situations in adulthood. Access to preventive healthcare services, including HPV vaccinations, may help reduce the impact of ACEs on adverse health outcomes. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of ACEs and self-reported HPV vaccination coverage among young adults. We included 18–29-year-old respondents to the 2019-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) ACE and HPV vaccination modules. ACEs were defined as a history of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, substance abuse, mental illness, parental separation or divorce, or incarcerated household member. Self-reported HPV vaccination initiation was defined as having ever been vaccinated and completion was defined as reporting at least 3 doses. Data on the timing of vaccination are not available in BRFSS. We used log-binomial regression models to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals for the associations between ACEs and HPV vaccination. We evaluated race and ethnicity, urban/rural status, education level, income level, health insurance status, and smoking status as potential confounders. We also evaluated influenza vaccination uptake and the length of time since the last routine checkup as secondary outcomes, and ever having had an HIV test and recent HIV-related risk behaviors as outcomes in post-hoc analyses. Among 3450 participants, 2441 (71%) reported at least 1 ACE. 1030 (30%) reported that they had ever been vaccinated, and 489 (14%) completed the HPV vaccination series. We identified several ACEs that were positively associated with HPV vaccine initiation in early adulthood, including emotional abuse (PR for initiation: 1.29, 95% CI:1.17-1.43, PR for completion: 1.20, 95% CI:1.01-1.41), intimate partner violence (PR for initiation: 1.14, 95% CI:1.01-1.30), substance abuse (PR for initiation: 1.20, 95% CI:1.08-1.33, PR for completion: 1.19, 95% CI:1.00-1.41), and mental illness (PR for initiation: 1.35, 95% CI:1.22-1.50, PR for completion: 1.41, 95% CI:1.19-1.68). Conversely, reporting physical abuse, intimate partner violence, substance abuse, parental separation or divorce, and incarcerated household member were each negatively associated with receipt of influenza vaccination in the past year (PRs ranging from 0.72-1.00). Most ACEs were negatively associated with reporting a routine checkup within the past 1-2 years (PRs ranging from 0.92-1.00). There were positive associations between each ACE and report of having ever had an HIV test (PRs ranging from 1.19-1.56) and HIV-related risk behavior (PRs ranging from 1.57-2.07). Unexpected positive associations between ACEs and HPV vaccination coverage were observed. A possible explanation is that accessing STI/HIV prevention or treatment services provided additional opportunities to receive HPV vaccination in late adolescence or early adulthood. Future studies evaluating associations between ACEs and timely HPV vaccination in early adolescence will be important for informing HPV and HPV-related cancer prevention strategies in individuals with ACEs.

Download or read book Anaphylaxis and Hypersensitivity Reactions written by Mariana C. Castells and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-09 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite wide recognition as a serious public health problem, anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions remain under-recognized and under-diagnosed. This book fills the gaps in our understanding of the identification of triggers, recognition of clinical presentations, understanding of the natural history of these reactions, and selection of treatment strategies including those focused on cellular and molecular targets. The book provides a detailed examination of disease etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology and their correlation to clinical practice. Forefront knowledge of the mediators and mechanisms of anaphylaxis is covered with an emphasis on how new discoveries shape our current and emerging therapies.

Download or read book HPV and Cancer written by James A. Radosevich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “HPV and Cancer” is a concise read that covers all aspects of the Human Papilloma Virus as it relates to human cancers. While written by professionals, it design to be understandable by those that are not in the field, yet it has the technical details that professionals want to stay abreast of this changing field. The book starts out the history of HPV and progresses into the molecular biology of the virus and our current understand of the structure and functions of the proteins and genes it encodes. We then look at the dynamic trends of this infectious agent in the human population, how it interacts with human cells, and the role it plays with other organisms to produce both benign and malignant tumors. Lastly, there is a discussion about a new vaccine for HPV and the hopes that are held by many to change the trends with this virus and the associated cancers it produces.

Download or read book The Clinician s Vaccine Safety Resource Guide written by Matthew Z. Dudley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-27 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides clinicians and their staff with essential information on the vaccines that are recommended and not recommended for their patients, the diseases these vaccines prevent, and a broad range of potential vaccine safety issues that may be brought up by their patients. Each topic, from specific vaccines to safety concerns, is covered succinctly, based upon systematic reviews of the scientific literature, with talking points to be used with patients. The organization of the information makes it easy to reference specific topics and quickly find pertinent information, with the most practical details (such as recommendations and causality conclusions) highlighted at the very beginning of the respective sections. There are also sections outlining the vaccine safety system and evidence-based strategies for how to talk with patients about vaccines. This book aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical vaccine discussions with patients, leading to more informed patients and timely vaccination. This is an ideal resource for all clinicians administering vaccines and their healthcare teams.