Download or read book The Goal Line Technology in Football A Critical Analysis of its Efficacy and Limitations for Referees written by Michel Egenolf and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project Report from the year 2024 in the subject Sport - Sports Equipment and Supplies, University of Applied Sciences München, language: English, abstract: This academic paper takes a critical look at various aspects of goal-line technology in football. The main focus is on explaining how the technology works. The motivation for the introduction of this technology was due to several incorrect decisions by referees when a goal was scored. After lengthy discussions, the national and international associations decided to introduce camera-based goal-line technology. Fourteen cameras are attached to the roof of the football stadium to check disputed situations. Seven cameras are aimed at each of the two penalty areas and film the ball as soon as it enters the penalty area. The camera images are then transmitted to a computer via fibre-optic-cable. The computer then uses detection software to calculate the exact position of the ball in relation to the goal line. As soon as the ball is behind the goal line, a signal is sent to the referee's watch on the field. With the help of the technology, the referee on the field can make the right decision even in tight situations. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the technology also makes mistakes despite its high level of accuracy; examples of this from football are discussed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of the technology are then discussed in a critical evaluation, which concludes that the combination of humans and digital technology remains superior to the use of technology alone.
Download or read book The Goal Line Technology in Football and its Innovation Specifics What is the State of Acceptance written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-08-21 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Innovation economics, grade: 1,7, University of Manchester, language: English, abstract: This essay is about the goal-line-technology in football. Its recent introduction in official matches has started a debate about its usefulness and necessity in football. Several factors have influenced the various stakeholders resulting in different notions of the acceptance of the goal-line-technology. This essay tries to identify these factors and explains their impact on the acceptance. The 'Goal-Line-Technology' (GLT) is a recent innovation in soccer, which determines whether or not the ball has crossed the goal-line. The official approval from IFAB in 2012 and the following introduction in official matches marked a milestone in using technologies in soccer. FIFA had long tried to resist this development by referring to the potential faults of the technologies and their impact on the game. However, various debates show that the technology is not undisputed. This report tries to identify the factors that have influenced the acceptance of the GLT. Therefore, the different GLTs will be shown. After this the impact of GLT on its stakeholders will be discussed to determine the factors that have influenced the acceptance of the GLT. Additionally, regulations will be considered and the adoption process will be shown. The research for this report includes secondary data from books, journals, newspapers, etc. The theoretical concepts mentioned are formats and the adoption process.
Download or read book The Use of Video Technologies in Refereeing Football and Other Sports written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a long time, various different lobbying sectors have claimed that the use of video technology is an effective aid in decision-making. Now the IFAB has taken a historic step in the approval of experiments on the use of video to provide support to football refereeing. The Use of Video Technologies in Refereeing Football and Other Sports analyses the capacity of audio-visual technology from different perspectives to help understand the best implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system in football and, more generally, in other sports. This book addresses in-depth interdisciplinary viewpoints on the need and the opportunity of the implementation procedures regarding how to use it, considering that it could lead to very important changes. The book goes on to examine various approaches to the most interesting topics for players, amateurs, coaches, referees and referees coaches. Offering viewpoints from both academics and professionals, this new volume addresses the VAR issue in a multidisciplinary way, analysing the implications of video replay application in football from the perspective of players, coaches, television professionals, referees, amateurs, sports lawyers, media and educators.
Download or read book Elite Soccer Referees written by Tom Webb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soccer is undeniably the most popular sport in the world. While we know much about its high-profile players and their increasing wealth and global influence, we know little about referees and the ways in which refereeing has changed throughout the history of the sport. This book provides an in-depth exploration of the evolution of the match official. It presents a comparative analysis of elite Association football referees in England, Spain and Italy, as well as offering insights into the involvement of UEFA and FIFA in referee training. Drawing on archive material, the book documents the historical development of refereeing and sheds new light on the practice of elite refereeing in the present day. Including exclusive interviews with elite and ex-elite referees, as well as with professional soccer managers and members of the broadcast media, it considers the current role of match officials and the challenges and controversies they encounter. Elite Soccer Referees: Officiating in the Premier League, La Liga and Serie A is fascinating reading for all students and scholars with an interest in soccer, sport history, sport policy, sport management and the sociology of sport.
Download or read book Bad Call written by Harry Collins and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How technologies can get it wrong in sports, and what the consequences are—referees undermined, fans heartbroken, and the illusion of perfect accuracy maintained. Good call or bad call, referees and umpires have always had the final say in sports. Bad calls are more visible: plays are televised backward and forward and in slow motion. New technologies—the Hawk-Eye system used in tennis and cricket, for example, and the goal-line technology used in English football—introduced to correct bad calls sometimes get it right and sometimes get it wrong, but always undermine the authority of referees and umpires. Bad Call looks at the technologies used to make refereeing decisions in sports, analyzes them in action, and explains the consequences. Used well, technologies can help referees reach the right decision and deliver justice for fans: a fair match in which the best team wins. Used poorly, however, decision-making technologies pass off statements of probability as perfect accuracy and perpetuate a mythology of infallibility. The authors re-analyze three seasons of play in English Premier League football, and discover that goal line technology was irrelevant; so many crucial wrong decisions were made that different teams should have won the Premiership, advanced to the Champions League, and been relegated. Simple video replay could have prevented most of these bad calls. (Major League baseball learned this lesson, introducing expanded replay after a bad call cost Detroit Tigers pitcher Armando Galarraga a perfect game.) What matters in sports is not computer-generated projections of ball position but what is seen by the human eye—reconciling what the sports fan sees and what the game official sees.
Download or read book Squeezing Out the Dirt From the Beautiful Game written by SUNNY ERONMOSE ISUEKEBHOR and published by Amazon. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year many wrong decisions are made by Referees during football matches; as a result, teams are knocked out of Champions Leagues by fake goals – penalties are awarded to players who dive in the penalty area; offside goals are allowed and legitimate goals are ruled out as offside goals. Many nations miss out on World Cup qualifications because of red cards that were issued to their players for fouls the players had not committed; and in leagues all around the world, teams are relegated because of refereeing errors while teams that may have been relegated, remain in higher divisions. Sadly, there have been death threats made on Referees after video replays showed that they made mistakes which cost teams and nations valuable points, qualifications and trophies. And these death threats are not only irresponsible but criminal. But If Referees are humans and not angels as FIFA wants us to believe; do they need help, and can video technology be the answer? Should video replays be approved to help Referees avoid these monumental errors or should the game continue as it is without video technology or video replays? This book is one of the most unique books you ever read; rather than using words or phrases as titles of chapters as it is in almost every book you and I have read; the titles of chapters of this book are actually sentences; yes, each chapter title, is a sentence – they are sentences made by fictional commentators in four of the more popular football or soccer leagues in the world. Each title sentence covers a specific Referee decision in football. Chapter one is titled with a sentence that covers the award of a penalty to a player who dives in the penalty box. Chapter two has a sentence title that exemplifies a commentator’s reaction when a fine goal is disallowed, and chapter three’s sentence title, deals with the issue of an unwarranted second yellow card to a player whilst the title of chapter four, is: a sentence that shows a commentator’s lamentation when a player is unjustly sent off; and finally chapter five carries in its title, a sentence of a commentator describing the worst decision he has ever seen in three decades of football commentary while calling for football authorities to consider the introduction of video replays to aid Referees.
Download or read book Football Officiating and Interpretation of the Rules written by Fonsa Allen Lambert and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Soccer Referee s Manual written by David Ager and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely respected book has been revised to ensure that it continues to deliver the latest instruction on soccer refereeing and includes: FIFA's (soccer's worldwide governing body) most recent amendments to the Laws of the Game Expectations on how referees administer the laws and control play Expert advice and insights into the FA's referee training Over 100 questions and answers on the laws and their interpretation Written by an acknowledged authority, "The Soccer Referee's Manual" is an invaluable reference for referees and for fans who want to improve their understanding of soccer.
Download or read book The Football Imagination written by Richard Haynes and published by . This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first extensive ethnography and textual study of football fanzine culture, tracing the contours of this exciting, eccentric and evanescent fan cult from its origins to its peak in the late 80s and early 90s.
Download or read book Sports Related Concussions in Youth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Nexus written by Daniel Araya and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2011 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is a rich and varied exploration of current and emerging themes Internet research, and a testament to the strenght and diversity of the field. Collected here is the work of young scholars at the height of their game, fearlessly exploring and expanding the outer reaches of knowledge and methodology, anyone looking to see where the next decade of Internet research may take us would do well to follow their lead."--Axel Bruns, Author of Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life and Beyond From Production to Produsage --Book Jacket.
Download or read book How Learning Works written by Susan A. Ambrose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for How Learning Works "How Learning Works is the perfect title for this excellent book. Drawing upon new research in psychology, education, and cognitive science, the authors have demystified a complex topic into clear explanations of seven powerful learning principles. Full of great ideas and practical suggestions, all based on solid research evidence, this book is essential reading for instructors at all levels who wish to improve their students' learning." —Barbara Gross Davis, assistant vice chancellor for educational development, University of California, Berkeley, and author, Tools for Teaching "This book is a must-read for every instructor, new or experienced. Although I have been teaching for almost thirty years, as I read this book I found myself resonating with many of its ideas, and I discovered new ways of thinking about teaching." —Eugenia T. Paulus, professor of chemistry, North Hennepin Community College, and 2008 U.S. Community Colleges Professor of the Year from The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education "Thank you Carnegie Mellon for making accessible what has previously been inaccessible to those of us who are not learning scientists. Your focus on the essence of learning combined with concrete examples of the daily challenges of teaching and clear tactical strategies for faculty to consider is a welcome work. I will recommend this book to all my colleagues." —Catherine M. Casserly, senior partner, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching "As you read about each of the seven basic learning principles in this book, you will find advice that is grounded in learning theory, based on research evidence, relevant to college teaching, and easy to understand. The authors have extensive knowledge and experience in applying the science of learning to college teaching, and they graciously share it with you in this organized and readable book." —From the Foreword by Richard E. Mayer, professor of psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara; coauthor, e-Learning and the Science of Instruction; and author, Multimedia Learning
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-03 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book The Social Construction of Technological Systems written by Wiebe E. Bijker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The impact of technology on society is clear and unmistakeable. The influence of society on technology is more subtle. The 13 essays in this book have been written by a diverse group of scholars united by a common interest in creating a new field - the sociology of technology. They draw on a wide array of case studies - from cooking stoves to missile systems, from 15th-century Portugal to today's Al labs - to outline an original research program based on a synthesis of ideas from the social studies of science and the history of technology. Together they affirm the need for a study of technology that gives equal weight to technical, social, economic, and political questions"--Back cover.
Download or read book The Psychology Of Sport Performance And Ethics written by Yair Galily and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communicating in a Crisis written by Robert DeMartino and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resource for public officials on the basic tenets of effective communications generally and on working with the news media specifically. Focuses on providing public officials with a brief orientation and perspective on the media and how they think and work, and on the public as the end-recipient of info.; concise presentations of techniques for responding to and cooperating with the media in conveying info. and delivering messages, before, during, and after a public health crisis; a practical guide to the tools of the trade of media relations and public communications; and strategies and tactics for addressing the probable opportunities and the possible challenges that are likely to arise as a consequence of such communication initiatives. Ill.
