Download or read book The Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Treatment on the Nutrient Availability of Wheat Straw written by Mohamad Hossein Mikhchi and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Treatment of Wheat Straw on Digestibility Volatile Fatty Acid Production and Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis written by Noerjanto Wignjosoesastro and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Ingestion of Sodium Hydroxide Treated Wheat Straw on Mineral Metabolism and Animal Health written by Penelope Jane Trevor-Jones and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimum Sodium Hydroxide and Calcium Hydroxide Treatment of Wheat Straw for Lactating Dairy Cows written by Serhan G. Haddad and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Science and Efficacy of Mild Sodium Hydroxide Treatments in Enzyme based Wheat Straw to glucose Processing written by Supaporn Sophonputtanaphoca and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work described in this dissertation focused on chemistry related to the use of aqueous sodium hydroxide as a treatment in the processing of wheat straw. A major emphasis was the comprehensive evaluation of straw component partitioning due to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) processing. This was evaluated over a range of NaOH concentrations (0-10%m w/v), all at 50°C, 5 h treatment period, and 3% solid loading. Solid and liquid phases resulting from NaOH treatments were evaluated. Total solids recovered in the NaOH-treated solid phase ranged from 47.4-88.0%. Overall carbohydrate recovery in the combined solid and liquid phases was negatively correlated with the alkali concentration of the treatment liquor. The glucan content of the NaOH-treated solid phase ranged from 37.2-67.4%. Glucan recovery in the solid phase was relatively high in all cases, the minimum value being ~98%. Increasing amounts of xylan partitioned into the liquid phase as sodium hydroxide concentrations increased - it ranged from 31-83% of the xylan being recovered in the soluble phase. Carbohydrate analyses of the pretreated liquor revealed that the majority of carbohydrate loss from the solid fraction could be recovered in the liquid phase in form of oligomers and monomers due to alkaline degradation. The interconversion of glucose, fructose, and mannose under the alkaline condition played an important role in the presence of those sugars. Increase in NaOH concentration contributed to increase in amount of cellulose-derived and hemicellulose-derived oligomers in the pretreated liquor. All oligomers except fructooligomers in NaOH pretreated liquor were higher than those found in water extraction at 50°C, 5 h. Total carbohydrate recovery from the solid and liquid fractions was as high as 99% for glucose and glucan in 5% NaOH treatment and 80-95% for xylose and xylan in 1-10% NaOH treatment. The presence of NaOH as extraction reagent dramatically induced lignin and ash removal from the pretreated solid with up to 63% acid insoluble lignin (AIL) and 87% ash extraction. Solid fractions resulting from NaOH pretreatments (up to 5% NaOH) were tested for their susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification using cellulase and cellulase/xylanase enzyme preparations. The cellulase/xylanase enzyme preparation was found to be more effective at cellulose saccharification than the cellulase enzyme preparation alone. Maximum glucose yield, which corresponded to the 5% NaOH treatment, was 82% over the standard 48 h saccharification period. Extended saccharifications times to 120 h showed that the conversion yield approached 90%. Sequential treatments of the straw (i.e. initial alkali treatment - first enzyme saccharification - second alkali treatment - second enzyme treatment) revealed the NaOH treatment has the potential to render essentially all (~99%) of the straw glucan susceptible to enzyme saccharification. This suggests that the layered molecular arrangement of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the cell wall impacts biomass recalcitrance and glucan conversion yield. The other major focus of this dissertation research was the characterization of alkali neutralization, which occurs during the aqueous alkali processing of wheat straw. The approach taken was to evaluate the time course of alkali uptake and to determine the underlying nature of alkali uptake. The knowledge generated from this study is useful for understanding the nature of the alkali-induced chemistry that is at the heart of alkali processing of agricultural byproducts, foods, and forest products. Alkali uptake/acid generation measurements were monitored for wheat straw suspensions at pH 11 and 30°C. The first phase of alkali uptake corresponded to the 30-second time period over which the pH of the wheat straw suspension was adjusted from its original pH (~6.6) to pH 11. Alkali neutralization during this period was attributed to the instantaneous ionization of solvent accessible Brønstad acids. Following pH adjustment to 11.0, the time course of subsequent alkali uptake was recorded. The time course appeared biphasic. The early phase, which corresponded to the relatively rapid uptake of alkali, was evident during the first 24 hours. The later phase, which was characterized by the relatively slow uptake of alkali, was maintained for the length of the study (up to 96 hours). Alkali uptake during the early phase of the time course appears to be determined by the rate of hydrolysis of readily accessible esters - primarily acetic acid esters (acetyl groups). Alkali uptake during the later phase of the time course appears to be impacted by the rate of alkali penetration into the straw and the rate of production of alkali-induced acid degradation products. The uptake of alkali in the pH adjustment phase was ~ 120 [micro]Eq per gram wheat straw, the uptake of alkali in the early phase of time course was ~ 1,064 [micro]Eq per gram wheat straw, and the rate of uptake in the later phase of the time course 6.10 [micro]Eq per gram wheat straw per hour. Amount of acetyl groups, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid generated during 96-h pretreatment revealed that they are major esters being hydrolyzed under the studied condition. Combined, these ester-derived acids contributed up to ~ 28% of overall alkali uptake. In addition, alkaline degradation products quantified in this study showed additional ~ 28% contribution to the overall alkali uptake.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Nutritive Value of Processed Food written by Miloslav Rechcigl and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1982: This publication should be an invaluable tool to food technologists, dieticians, and nutritionalists, as well as to livestock producers and persons engaged in production, processing, and formulation of animal feeds.

Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Treatment and Cement Kiln Dust on Nutrient Availability of High Fiber Forage written by Mohamad Hossein Mikhchi and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diversification of Arid Farming Systems written by P. Narain and published by Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, economic considerations have overtaken the sustainability issue. Low and erratic rainfall, frequent droughts, the increasing costs of cultivation, lower compensation of labour and inputs have made farming in the arid regions a challenging enterprise. Employment opportunities in sectors other than agriculture have enticed many to cross the floor. The largest segment of the farming community, however, is constrained to make a living from farm related activities. With the opening of markets for international trade in farm commodities, the competition has toughened for the resource-constrained farmers of the arid regions of the country. On the other hand, useful technologies have been generated by researchers on many alternative systems, which could be adopted. In this scenario, the farmers could benefit greatly by inducing diversification in the farming systems and by strengthening the traditional systems. With this backdrop, a National Symposium on Livelihood Security and Diversified Farming Systems in Arid Region was organized by the Arid Zone Research Association of India at the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, from January 14-16, 2006. Selected papers presented at the symposium and invited articles have been included in this compendium and are grouped in sections on Diversification, Strengthening the Traditional Farming Systems, Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency, Livestock-based Farming Systems, Value Addition, Socio-economic Issues and Transfer of Technology. Currently, food, water and energy crises are of global concern. The challenge ahead is to strike a balance between basic needs of a large population and to maintain the pace of development. Diversification of farming systems may contribute towards achieving this goal to some extent. It is hoped that the book will provide options for diversification of the existing farming systems and benefit there from.

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indian National Agricultural Bibliography 1975 84 written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Waste Biorefineries Future Energy Green Products and Waste Treatment written by Mohammad Rehan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy recovery from waste resources holds a significant role in the sustainable waste management hierarchy to support the concept of circular economies and to mitigate the challenges of waste originated problems of sanitation, environment, and public health. Today, waste disposal to landfills is the most widely used methodology, particularly in developing countries, because of limited budgets and lack of efficient infrastructure and facilities to maintain efficient and practical global standards. As a consequence, the dump-sites or non-sanitary landfills have become the significant sources of greenhouse gases emissions, soil and water contamination, unpleasant odors, leachate, and disease spreading vectors, flies, and rodents. However, waste can be utilized to produce a range of potential products such as energy, fuels and value-added products under waste biorefineries. A holistic and quantitative view, such as waste biorefinery, on waste management must be linked to the actual country, taking into account its socio-economic situation, local waste sources, and composition, as well as the available markets for the recovered energy and products. Therefore, it is critical to understand that solutions cannot be just copied from one region to the others. In fact, all waste handling, transportation, and treatment can represent a burden to the cities’ environment and macro and micro economics, except for the benefits obtained from recovered materials and energy. Equally significant is a clear and quantitative understanding of the industrial, and public potential of utilizing recovered materials and energy in the markets as these can be reached without exacerbating the environmental issues using excessive transport. The book explores new advancements and discoveries on the development of emerging waste-to-energy technologies, practical implementation, and lessons learned from sustainable wastemanagement practices under waste biorefinery concept, which will accelerate the growth of circular economies in the world. The articles presented in this book have been written by expert researchers and academics working in institutions at different countries across the world including Germany, Greece, Japan, South Korea, China, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, and India. The research articles have been arranged into three main subject categories; 1) Resource recovery from waste, 2) Waste to energy technologies and 3) Waste biorefineries. This book will serve as an important resource for research students, academics, industry, policy makers, and government agencies working in the field of integrated waste management, energy and resource recovery, waste to energy technologies, waste biorefineries etc. The editorial team of this book is very grateful to all the authors for their excellent contributions and making the book successful.

Download or read book Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: