Download or read book The Effect of Age and Season on the Body Composition of White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by Madhavi Vijayakumar and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Age Gut Fill and Sex on Dressed Mass whole Mass Relationships of White tailed Deer written by Jorge Maldonado and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hunters and management agencies are often interested in whole mass of harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) but measuring whole mass in the field is challenging, which is why hunters often dress deer. Dressed mass consists of the carcass mass minus organs in the abdominal, thoracic, pelvic cavities as well as any blood loss. Dressed mass is strongly related to whole mass but covariates of site where deer was harvested, age, sex, body fat, and lactation state of females might also improve predicting whole mass. Also, gut fill variation should help explain why some covariates are influential. Using data from three different sites, which contained deer of various ages, sexes, and lactation states of females, I analyzed the effects of site, age, sex, body fat, lactation state of females, and gut fill on relationships between dressed mass and whole mass (n = 432). Rumen-reticulum fill served as my surrogate of gut fill because these compartments comprise 50 - 70 percent of gut capacity. I analyzed linear regression models and compared them for fit and parsimony with a Bayesian Information Criterion model selection analysis. The selected model had statistically significant predictors of dressed mass, age, sex, lactation status of females, and site. Gut fill also influenced dressed mass - whole mass relationships. Variation in gut fill across sites and due to age, sex, and lactation status of females was consistent with effects of these covariates on dressed mass - whole mass relationships. Lastly, I standardized variables in the selected model to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one to assess the extent of influence of dressed mass and covariates on whole mass. Dressed mass had a much larger influence on whole mass than covariates. Although site, age, sex, and lactation status of females are influential, the improvement in predicting whole mass is slight. First and foremost, to accurately predict the whole mass of small to large deer requires measuring animals that range widely in dressed body mass.
Download or read book Body Weight and Age Influences on Liver Weight in White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by Claire A. Parra and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian liver is integral to homeostasis, metabolism, and reproduction. Previous research into the liver has mainly examined liver function; there have been far fewer investigations into how liver weight is coupled to body weight, age, and reproductive events like lactation. Understanding how these variables are coupled to liver weight may be useful to understanding reproductive effort as animal age. I examined the scaling relationship between body weight and liver weight and the influences of age, sex, body condition (back fat), tooth wear, and lactation on liver weight to shed insight into the reproductive effort of aging white-tailed deer. White-tailed deer (62 males, 71 females) from Kerr Wildlife Management Area, Texas, and a private ranch near Hebbronville, Texas, were measured. There was an allometric relationship between body weight and liver weight. Sex and age were predictors of liver weight at Kerr WMA and sex, back fat, and lactation were significant predictors at the private ranch. Controlling for body weight, males had heavier livers than females and age was positively related to liver weight. My findings indicate that liver weight reflects metabolic and reproductive demands and that older animals can potentially invest more effort in reproduction because of larger livers. These findings might be useful to understanding senescence and terminal investment on reproduction in older deer.
Download or read book Testing New Measures of Age Independent Body Size in White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Season and Photoperiod on Growth and Net Fat Synthesis in White tailed Deer written by Michael J. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influences of Habitat Composition Plant Phenology and Population Density on Autumn Indices of Body Condition in a Northern White tailed Deer Population written by Anouk Simard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Body condition has a strong influence on reproduction and survival. Consequently, understanding spatiotemporal variation in body condition may help identify processes that determine life history, and thus demography. The effect of environmental variables on individuals' body condition, although widely documented, is generally achieved by investigating habitat, plant phenology, or density separately, such that cumulative or interactive effects can rarely be considered. We investigated how spatial and annual variation in habitat composition, deer density, and vegetation productivity influenced white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) body condition during the breeding period. We detailed changes in body condition using several indices, including body mass, peroneus muscle mass, rump fat, kidney fat index, and antler size in >4,000 male and female deer of different ages harvested during September-December, 2002-2006 on Anticosti Island, Québec, Canada. Overall, females and yearlings harvested in fir forests were in poorer condition than those harvested in peatlands or spruce forests, whereas body condition of adult males was greater when open habitats were highly available. High deer density reduced autumn gains in fat, muscle mass, and body mass in males and yearlings, and in fat for females. Surprisingly, density positively affected the size of male antlers. High density at birth favored fat accumulation in adult females, suggesting strong selective pressure that removed low-quality individuals in early age at high deer density. Low Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in spring was associated with delayed but rapid spring green-up, and favored higher body condition in autumn. Reproduction affected most parameters of body condition; lactating females had less mass, fat, and muscle than non-lactating females, whereas mass and fat of males >4 years old steeply declined during the rut. Body mass and fat reserves showed a stronger response to density, habitat, NDVI, and reproduction than muscle mass. Body mass was a good integrating measure of fat and muscle mass, although allocation between muscle growth and energy storage was confounded. Our study highlighted the influence of environmental conditions on individual fat reserves, muscle mass, and body mass in autumn, with potential effects on reproduction and winter survival. Appropriate monitoring of body-condition indices in the fall can track the effect of environmental variables and management practices on animal populations.
Download or read book Factors Influencing Scaling Relationships of Body Mass and Antler Mass in White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus written by Willis P. Sontheimer and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antlers are a costly trait that require skeletal reserves to grow to a large size. Thus, insight into variation in antler size requires understanding the connection between antler and body size, which can be summarized through ontogenetic and static scaling relationships. Both types of scaling relationships are needed to examine the influence of factors besides body mass on antler growth at different ages and whether the influence of these factors diminish with age. Size deficits influenced by diet variability and maternal effects might decline during ontogeny through compensatory growth. I sought insight into the influences of diet and maternal attributes of mother's age at birth of offspring and litter size on body-antler size relationships throughout ontogeny and at discrete ages. I also examined whether diet and maternal effects diminished with age of males.
Download or read book Red Deer written by T. H. Clutton-Brock and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1982-11-15 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes is the most extensive study yet available of reproduction in wild vertebrate. The authors synthesize data collected over ten years on a population of individually recognizable red deer, usually regarded as conspecific with the American elk. Their results reveal the extent of sex differences in behavior, reproduction, and ecology and make a substantial contribution to our understanding of sexual selection.
Download or read book Biology and Management of White tailed Deer written by David G. Hewitt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Wildlife Society Outstanding Edited Book Award for 2013! Winner of the Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society Outstanding Book Award for 2011! Winner of a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Award for 2011! Biology and Management of White-tailed Deer organizes and presents information on the most studied large mammal species in the world. The book covers the evolutionary history of the species, its anatomy, physiology, and nutrition, population dynamics, and ecology across its vast range (from central Canada through northern South America). The book then discusses the history of management of white-tailed deer, beginning with early Native Americans and progressing through management by Europeans and examining population lows in the early 1900s, restocking efforts through the mid 1900s, and recent, overabundant populations that are becoming difficult to manage in many areas. Features: Co-published with the Quality Deer Management Association Compiles valuable information for white-tailed deer enthusiasts, managers, and biologists Written by an authoritative author team from diverse backgrounds Integrates white-tailed deer biology and management into a single volume Provides a thorough treatment of white-tailed deer antler biology Includes downloadable resources with color images The backbone of many state wildlife management agencies' policies and a featured hunting species through much of their range, white-tailed deer are an important species ecologically, socially, and scientifically in most areas of North America. Highly adaptable and now living in close proximity to humans in many areas, white-tailed deer are both the face of nature and the source of conflict with motorists, home-owners, and agricultural producers. Capturing the diverse aspects of white-tailed deer research, Biology and Management of White-tailed Deer is a reflection of the resources invested in the study of the species’ effects on ecosystems, predator-prey dynamics, population regulation, foraging behavior, and browser physiology.
Download or read book Wildlife Abstracts written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reproductive Biology of White tailed Deer on Cumberland Island Georgia written by Susan King Miller and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Topical Bibliography for the White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus in Nine U S National Park Service Regions and Parts of Canada written by Jonathan E. Hoeldtke and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Body Composition and Digestive Efficiency of White tailed Deer written by Rajendraprasad Sookhareea and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decrease in Body Size of White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus During the Late Holocene in South Carolina and Georgia written by James R. Purdue and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Physiology of White tailed Deer Body Composition Feed Intake and Metabolic Rate written by Karol A. Worden and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reproductive Success written by T. H. Clutton-Brock and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is well worth buying for its detailed summaries of the 25 studies, many of which are classic long-term projects, and for its insights into the factors determining reproductive success."—William J. Sutherland, TREE "A must read for anyone interested in evolution, mating/social systems, and population ecology."—John L. Koprowski, IJournal of Insect Behavior
Download or read book Advanced White Tailed Deer Management written by Timothy Edward Fulbright and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2003, a cadre of researchers set out to determine what combination of supplemental or natural nutrition and white-tailed deer population density would produce the largest antlers on bucks without harming vegetation. They would come to call this combination “the sweet spot.” Over the course of their 15-year experiment, conducted through the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at Texas A&M University–Kingsville, Timothy E. Fulbright, Charles A. DeYoung, David G. Hewitt, Don A. Draeger, and 25 graduate students tracked the effects of deer density and enhanced versus natural nutrition on vegetation conditions. Through wet years and dry, in a semiarid environment with frequent droughts, they observed deer nutrition and food habits and analyzed population dynamics. Containing the results of this landmark, longitudinal study, in keeping with the Kleberg Institute’s mission, this volume provides science-based information for enhancing the conservation and management of Texas wildlife. Advanced White-Tailed Deer Management: The Nutrition–Population Density Sweet Spot presents this critical research for the first time as a reference for hunters, landowners, wildlife managers, and all those who work closely with white-tailed deer populations. It explains the findings of the Comanche-Faith Project and the implications of these findings for white-tailed deer ecology and management throughout the range of the species with the goal of improving management.
