Download or read book The Distributional Impacts of Trade written by Jakob Engel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade is a well-established driver of growth and poverty reduction.But changes in trade policy also have distributional impacts that create winners and losers. It is vital to understand and clearly communicate how trade affects economic well-being across all segments of the population, as well as how policies can more effectively ensure that the gains from trade are distributed more widely. The Distributional Impacts of Trade: Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses provides a deeper understanding of the distributional effects of trade across regions, industries, and demographic groups within countries over time. It includes an overview (chapter 1); a review of innovations in empirical and theoretical work covering the impacts of trade at the subnational level (chapter 2); highlights from empirical case studies on Bangladesh, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and Sri Lanka (chapter 3); and a policy agenda to improve distributional outcomes from trade (chapter 4). This book comes at a time when the shock from COVID-19 (coronavirus) adds to an already uncertain trade policy environment in which the value of the multilateral trading system has been under increased scrutiny. A better understanding of how trade affects distributional outcomes can lead to more inclusive policies and support the ability of countries to maximize broad-based benefits from trade.
Download or read book Behavioral and Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy written by Carlo Carraro and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements. Shedding light on an extraordinarily complex and important topic, this collection will be of interest to all those involved in designing effective environmental policy.
Download or read book Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy written by Guido G. Porto and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porto develops and applies a methodology to empirically explore the effects of trade policies on the distribution of income and poverty in developing countries. He uses a methodology based on two links - one connecting trade policies to prices, and another connecting prices to household welfare. The author applies the methodology to the study of the distributional effects of Mercosur on Argentine families.The main finding is that Mercosur benefits the average Argentine household across the entire income distribution. There is evidence of a pro-poor bias of the regional trade agreement: on average, poor households gain more from the reform than middle-income households, whereas the effects on rich families are positive but not statistically significant. Prior to the reform, Argentine trade policy protected the rich over the poor, and after the reform, granted some protection to the poor. As relative pre-Mercosur tariffs are higher on relatively skill-intensive goods, the tariff removals tend to benefit the poor over the rich. These findings indicate that trade reforms may actually help improve the distribution of income and reduce poverty in the country.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impacts of trade and trade policies on poverty.
Download or read book Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy written by Guido Gustavo Porto and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Climate Policies written by ZACHMANN. GUSTAV GEORG (FREDRIKSSON. GREGORY, CLAEYS.) and published by . This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policymakers will not accept forceful decarbonisation policies if they lead to visibly increasing inequality within their societies. The distributive effects of climate policies need to be addressed. This report provides a selective review of recent academic literature and experience on the distributional effects of climate policies.
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Trade written by Kirill Borusyak and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much do consumption patterns matter for the impact of international trade on inequality? In neoclassical trade models, the effects of trade shocks on consumers' purchasing power are governed by the shares of imports in consumer expenditures, under no parametric assumptions on preferences and technology. This paper provides in-depth measurement of import shares across the income distribution in the United States, using new datasets linking expenditure and customs microdata. Contrary to common wisdom, we find that import shares are flat throughout the income distribution: the purchasing-power gains from lower trade costs are distributionally neutral. Accounting for changes in wages in addition to prices in a unified nonparametric framework, we find substantial distributional effects that arise within, but not across, income and education groups. There is little impact of a fall in trade costs on inequality, even though trade shocks generate winners and losers at all income levels, via wage changes.
Download or read book Using Survey Data to Assess the Distributional Effects of Trade Policy written by Guido C. Porto and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Distributional Cost Effectiveness Analysis written by Richard Cookson and published by Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.
Download or read book Trade and Income Distribution written by William R. Cline and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1997 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cline also finds that trade liberalization has tended to raise skilled wages rather than reduce unskilled wages. Moreover, its impact has probably been no larger than falling transport and communication costs. Most importantly for policy, model simulations for the future show more limited trade impact than in the past and little unequalizing impact of further trade liberalization. Book jacket."--Jacket.
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy written by Johnstone Nick and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book builds upon existing literature to simultaneously examine disparities in the distribution of environmental impacts of environmental policy and in the distribution of financial effects among households.
Download or read book Essays on the Distributional Effects of North South Trade written by Xiang Tang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Trade Policies in Argentina written by Guido Gustavo Porto and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Financial Globalization Evidence from Macro and Sectoral Data written by Davide Furceri and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We take a fresh look at the aggregate and distributional effects of policies to liberalize international capital flows—financial globalization. Both country- and industry-level results suggest that such policies have led on average to limited output gains while contributing to significant increases in inequality—that is, they pose an equity–efficiency trade-off. Behind this average lies considerable heterogeneity in effects depending on country characteristics. Liberalization increases output in countries with high financial depth and those that avoid financial crises, while distributional effects are more pronounced in countries with low financial depth and inclusion and where liberalization is followed by a crisis. Difference-indifference estimates using sectoral data suggest that liberalization episodes reduce the share of labor income, particularly for industries with higher external financial dependence, those with a higher natural propensity to use layoffs to adjust to idiosyncratic shocks, and those with a higher elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. The sectoral results underpin a causal interpretation of the findings using macro data.
Download or read book Distributional Effects of International Trade written by Erhan Artuc and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade increases efficiency but also redistributes income, thus creating winners and losers. To account for the total impact and calculate redistributive effects correctly and fully, the different channels of gains and losses must be measured precisely. This Brief shows that measuring the gains is often much more challenging than measuring the losses, generating misconceptions and an overstatement of the adverse impacts of international trade. To assess the effects of trade shocks objectively, and to promote effective policy options, policy makers must be aware of thelimitations in data and methodology surrounding the research on the distributional effects of international trade, and the misconceptions that ensue.
Download or read book Distributional Effects of Trade and Tariffs Between and Within Countries written by Martin Tobal and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three theoretical papers that investigate how trade and tariffs redistribute income and welfare between countries and within countries. In the first paper, we set a perfect competition model of trade in intermediate (tasks) and final goods. Trade in intermediate goods will create income redistribution within a developed country and across workers whose jobs are of a different nature. In the second paper, we set a monopolistic competition model of trade in product varieties. Tariffs and mutual trade liberalization will modify the pattern of trade in product varieties thereby causing welfare redistribution between countries of a similar development level. Finally, we set model of trade in final goods and intermediate goods in which the government from a developed country will promote domestic monopolies by imposing tariffs. The promotion of domestic monopolies will shift foreign rents and then redistribute income across countries with different development levels.
Download or read book Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms 2 written by Aline Coudouel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The analysis of the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, particularly on th e poor and vulnerable, has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries. In recent years this type of work has been labeled as Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) and is increasingly implemented to promote evidence-based policy choices and foster debate on policy reform options. While information is available on the general approach, techniques, and tools for distributional analysis, each sector displays a series of specific characteristics. These have implications for the analysis of distributional impacts, including the types of impacts and transmission channels that warrant particular attention, the tools and techniques most appropriate, the data source typically utilized, and the range of political economy factors most likely to affect the reform process. This volume provides an overview of the specific issues arising in the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy and institutional reforms in selected sectors. Each chapter offers guidance on the selection of tools and techniques most adapted to the reforms under scrutiny, and offers examples of applications of these approaches. This is a companion to the first volume, which offers guidance on trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education."
Download or read book The Impact of International Trade on Wages written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1980s, the U.S. economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labor market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on U.S. wages. This timely volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labor market.
