Download or read book The dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and the consequences for the Chilean society written by Daniel Hasler and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Region: Middle and South America, grade: 2,0, University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, course: Business English, language: English, abstract: For a long time, Latin America stagnated in economic growth. Especially in the 1980s, most countries were totalitarian dictatorships, where the economies lacked in openness and liberalisation. Most of the companies were state-owned and international business was impossible due to high restrictions. The residents were suppressed in their human rights by military forces, suffered from high poverty rates and bad living conditions whereas the leaders continued enriching themselves. In Chile, when Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Augusto Pinochet took over power by his coup d’état in 1973, a lot of people were tortured and killed by the fascist regime until the end of the dictatorship in 1990. Society was split in two halves: On the one hand the tortured opposition, on the other hand the torturers loyally serving the government. This caused a worldwide discussion on human rights and the necessity of an adequate punishment for the ex-dictator. As a consequence, it is important to analyse closely the circumstances that led to the brutal coup, the period of the dictatorship itself, the consequences for the society, the influence on literature and media as well as the discussion on Pinochet’s conviction in order to fully understand the situation of the Chilean citizens today.
Download or read book Past Human Rights Violations and the Question of Indifference The Case of Chile written by Hugo Rojas and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contributes to the fields of memory and human rights. It offers a novel and interdisciplinary theory on social indifference, and in particular on the indifference of people to human rights violations committed against certain sectors of society in turbulent times. These theoretical frameworks are explored empirically with respect to the Chilean case. Through a blend of mixed methods, the book explains the causes, characteristics and social consequences of the current indifference of Chileans with respect to the human rights violations committed during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973-90). The different findings are an invitation to rethink new challenges of transitional justice processes in fragmented societies and to strengthen public policies on human rights. Hugo Rojas is Professor of Sociology of Law and Human Rights at Alberto Hurtado University and researcher at the Millenium Institute on Violence and Democracy. He holds degrees from Oxford, LSE and the Catholic University of Chile.
Download or read book Civil Obedience written by Michael Lazzara and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boldly breaks new ground in studies of Latin American postdictatorial memories by tackling a taboo topic--civilian complicity with the Pinochet regime--that Chilean society has strategically avoided.
Download or read book Military Rule in Chile written by Julio Samuel Valenzuela and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Augusto Pinochet written by Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes Pinochet's quotes about his life and career *Includes contemporary accounts about Pinochet's reign and controversies about his human rights record *Includes online resources, footnotes, and a bibliography "Not a single leaf moves in this country if I'm not the one moving it. I want that to be clear!" - Pinochet For much of the 20th century, South American governments in large part lived under a system of military junta governments. The mixture of indigenous peoples, foreign settlers and European colonial superpowers produced cultural and social imbalances into which military forces intervened as a stabilizing influence. The proactive personalities of military heads and the rigid structures of such a hierarchy guaranteed the "strong man" commanding officer an abiding presence in the form of executive dictator. Such leaders often bore the more collaborative title of "President," but the reality was, in most cases, identical. Likewise, the gap between rich and poor was often vast, and a disappearance of the middle class fed a frequent urge for revolution, reenergizing the military's intent to stop it. With no stabilizing center, the ideologies most prevalent in such conflicts alternated between a federal model of industrial and social nationalization and an equally conservative structure under privatized ownership and autocratic rule drawn from the head of a junta government. Whichever belief system was in play for the major industrial nations of the continent, a constant bombardment of foreign influence pushed the people of states such as Chile, Brazil, Argentina, and others, toward overthrow, in one direction or the other. From the left came Stalinist influences from the Soviet Union and Castro's Cuba, while the German World War II model and an anti-communist mindset from the United States worked behind the scenes to upset any movement toward extreme liberalism. The reign of Juan Peron in Argentina became the most iconic such arrangement to the Western observer, but General Augusto Pinochet's 17 year rule over Chile after an American supported coup in the 1970s proved the most enduring and the most resistant to eradication by subsequent leaders of an opposite bent. Pinochet himself openly bragged, "My library is filled with UN condemnations." By combating Marxists and Communists during the Cold War, Pinochet ensured he would at the very least remain undisturbed by America, even as he carried out policies that would be labeled tyrannical by any objective measurement. As writer Jacob C. Hornberger put it while analyzing appraisals of Pinochet based on political background, "[T]error in the name of fighting terror is a grave criminal offense against humanity no matter what economic philosophy the state terrorist happens to hold." Having achieved unusual longevity, and with new legal cases being opened well past his death in 2006, Pinochet has continued to play a part in Chilean politics through a vast array of unfinished business surrounding his political life. Indeed, nearly 30 years after Pinochet's reign ended, the Chilean dictator remains as controversial as ever, and he is often held out as the foremost example among critics of American intervention in the political affairs of other nations in the hemisphere. Augusto Pinochet: The Life and Legacy of Chile's Controversial Dictator looks at the life of one of the most notorious Latin American leaders of the 20th century. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about Pinochet like never before.
Download or read book Nation of Enemies Chile Under Pinochet written by Pamela Constable and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1993-05-04 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the polarization of Chilean society under Augusto Pinochet and of Chile's return to democratic government.
Download or read book Chile Under Pinochet written by Mark Ensalaco and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "When the army comes out, it is to kill."—Augusto Pinochet Following his bloody September 1973 coup d'état that overthrew President Salvador Allende, Augusto Pinochet, commander-in-chief of the Chilean Armed Forces and National Police, became head of a military junta that would rule Chile for the next seventeen years. The violent repression used by the Pinochet regime to maintain power and transform the country's political profile and economic system has received less attention than the Argentine military dictatorship, even though the Pinochet regime endured twice as long. In this primary study of Chile Under Pinochet, Mark Ensalaco maintains that Pinochet was complicit in the "enforced disappearance" of thousands of Chileans and an unknown number of foreign nationals. Ensalaco spent five years in Chile investigating the impact of Pinochet's rule and interviewing members of the truth commission created to investigate the human rights violations under Pinochet. The political objective of human rights organizations, Ensalaco contends, is to bring sufficient pressure to bear on violent regimes to induce them to end policies of repression. However, these efforts are severely limited by the disparities of power between human rights organizations and regimes intent on ruthlessly eliminating dissent.
Download or read book The Legacy of Dictatorship written by Alan Angell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pinochet Effect written by Naomi Roht-Arriaza and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1998 arrest of General Augusto Pinochet in London and subsequent extradition proceedings sent an electrifying wave through the international community. This legal precedent for bringing a former head of state to trial outside his home country signaled that neither the immunity of a former head of state nor legal amnesties at home could shield participants in the crimes of military governments. It also allowed victims of torture and crimes against humanity to hope that their tormentors might be brought to justice. In this meticulously researched volume, Naomi Roht-Arriaza examines the implications of the litigation against members of the Chilean and Argentine military governments and traces their effects through similar cases in Latin American and Europe. Roht-Arriaza discusses the difficulties in bringing violators of human rights to justice at home, and considers the role of transitional justice in transnational prosecutions and investigations in the national courts of countries other than those where the crimes took place. She traces the roots of the landmark Pinochet case and follows its development and those of related cases, through Spain, the United Kingdom, elsewhere in Europe, and then through Chile, Argentina, Mexico, and the United States. She situates these transnational cases within the context of an emergent International Criminal Court, as well as the effectiveness of international law and of the lawyers, judges, and activists working together across continents to make a new legal paradigm a reality. Interviews and observations help to contextualize and dramatize these compelling cases. These cases have tremendous ramifications for the prospect of universal jurisdiction and will continue to resonate for years to come. Roht-Arriaza's deft navigation of these complicated legal proceedings elucidates the paradigm shift underlying this prosecution as well as the traction gained by advocacy networks promoting universal jurisdiction in recent decades.
Download or read book Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy written by Michael Albertus and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that - in terms of institutional design, the allocation of power and privilege, and the lived experiences of citizens - democracy often does not restart the political game after displacing authoritarianism. Democratic institutions are frequently designed by the outgoing authoritarian regime to shield incumbent elites from the rule of law and give them an unfair advantage over politics and the economy after democratization. Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy systematically documents and analyzes the constitutional tools that outgoing authoritarian elites use to accomplish these ends, such as electoral system design, legislative appointments, federalism, legal immunities, constitutional tribunal design, and supermajority thresholds for change. The study provides wide-ranging evidence for these claims using data that spans the globe and dates from 1800 to the present. Albertus and Menaldo also conduct detailed case studies of Chile and Sweden. In doing so, they explain why some democracies successfully overhaul their elite-biased constitutions for more egalitarian social contracts.
Download or read book Fear in Chile written by Patricia Politzer and published by Pantheon. This book was released on 1989 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an extraordinary first person chronicle of life under dictatorship. Journalist Patricia Politzer has interviewed men and women from every strata of Chilean life for a broad, vivid, yet non-ideologial view of modern life under military rule.
Download or read book The Pinochet File written by Peter Kornbluh and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised and updated: the definitive primary-source history of US involvement in General Pinochet’s Chilean coup—“the evidence is overwhelming” (The New Yorker). Published to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of General Augusto Pinochet’s infamous September 11, 1973, military coup in Chile, this updated edition of The Pinochet File reveals the shocking, formerly secret record of the US government’s complicity with atrocity in a foreign country. The book now completes the file on Pinochet’s story, detailing his multiple indictments between 2004 and his death on December 10, 2006, including the Riggs Bank scandal that revealed how the dictator had illegally squirreled away over $26 million in ill-begotten wealth in secret American bank accounts. When it was first released in hardcover, The Pinochet File contributed to the international campaign to hold Pinochet accountable for murder, torture, and terrorism. A new afterword tells the extraordinary story of Henry Kissinger’s attempt to undercut the book’s reception—efforts that generated a major scandal that led to a high-level resignation at the Council on Foreign Relations, illustrating the continued ability of the book to speak truth to power. “The Pinochet File should be considered the long awaited book of record on U.S. intervention in Chile . . . A crisp compelling narrative, almost a political thriller.” —Los Angeles Times
Download or read book The Struggle for Democracy in Chile written by Paul W. Drake and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition of The Struggle for Democracy in Chile should prove even more useful to the student of Latin American history and politics than the original. It updates important background information on the evolution of Chile?s military dictatorship in the 1970s and its erosion in the 1980s. Brian Loveman, an authority on contemporary Chilean politics, offers a comprehensive examination of the transition to civilian government in Chile from 1990 to 1994 in a substantial new chapter. Loveman chronicles the rise of the Concertaci¢n coalition, the strained relations between General Pinochet?s military and President Alwyn?s civilian government, and the roles of the National Women?s Service (SERNAM), the Catholic Church, and the indigenous peoples of Chile. All eleven essays by the leading authorities on the Pinochet regime from the earlier edition have been retained. The bibliography has been updated and the index improved. ø The Struggle for Democracy in Chile remains the first and foremost book on the transition over the last twenty-five years from dictatorship to democracy in Chile.
Download or read book The English Patient written by Paul C. Sondrol and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This case study examines the political and legal ramifications of the October 1998 arrest in London of Augusto Pinochet, the former general who seized power in a violent coup d’etat and ruled Chile for 17 years, on a warrant from a Spanish judge charging him with the murder, torture, or kidnapping of thousands during his dictatorship that ended in 1990. The case highlights the conflicting and cooperative goals of governments in Britain, Chile, Spain, and the U.S. in attempting to resolve a protracted international incident. In the process, the study analyzes the nature of Pinochet’s dictatorship, describes how his arrest reopened wounds in Chilean society, and assesses American complicity in the 1973 coup that brought him to power. It also underscores Pinochet’s arrest as a watershed in the emerging field of human rights law that, in part, led to the creation of the Rome Treaty and the International Criminal Court.
Download or read book Reckoning with Pinochet written by Steve J. Stern and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reckoning with Pinochet is the first comprehensive account of how Chile came to terms with General Augusto Pinochet’s legacy of human rights atrocities. An icon among Latin America’s “dirty war” dictators, Pinochet had ruled with extreme violence while building a loyal social base. Hero to some and criminal to others, the general cast a long shadow over Chile’s future. Steve J. Stern recounts the full history of Chile’s democratic reckoning, from the negotiations in 1989 to chart a post-dictatorship transition; through Pinochet’s arrest in London in 1998; the thirtieth anniversary, in 2003, of the coup that overthrew President Salvador Allende; and Pinochet’s death in 2006. He shows how transnational events and networks shaped Chile’s battles over memory, and how the Chilean case contributed to shifts in the world culture of human rights. Stern’s analysis integrates policymaking by elites, grassroots efforts by human rights victims and activists, and inside accounts of the truth commissions and courts where top-down and bottom-up initiatives met. Interpreting solemn presidential speeches, raucous street protests, interviews, journalism, humor, cinema, and other sources, he describes the slow, imperfect, but surprisingly forceful advance of efforts to revive democratic values through public memory struggles, despite the power still wielded by the military and a conservative social base including the investor class. Over time, resourceful civil-society activists and select state actors won hard-fought, if limited, gains. As a result, Chileans were able to face the unwelcome past more honestly, launch the world’s first truth commission to examine torture, ensnare high-level perpetrators in the web of criminal justice, and build a public culture of human rights. Stern provides an important conceptualization of collective memory in the wake of national trauma in this magisterial work of history.
Download or read book Civil Obedience written by Michael Lazzara and published by University of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the fall of General Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship in 1990, Chilean society has shied away from the subject of civilian complicity, preferring to pursue convictions of military perpetrators. But the torture, murders, deportations, and disappearances of tens of thousands of people in Chile were not carried out by the military alone; they required a vast civilian network. Some citizens actively participated in the regime's massive violations of human rights for personal gain or out of a sense of patriotic duty. Others supported Pinochet's neoliberal economic program while turning a blind eye to the crimes of that era. Michael J. Lazzara boldly argues that today's Chile is a product of both complicity and complacency. Combining historical analysis with deft literary, political, and cultural critique, he scrutinizes the post-Pinochet rationalizations made by politicians, artists, intellectuals, bystanders, former revolutionaries-turned-neoliberals, and common citizens. He looks beyond victims and perpetrators to unveil the ambiguous, ethically vexed realms of memory and experience that authoritarian regimes inevitably generate.
Download or read book The Cold War in the Classroom written by Barbara Christophe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book explores how the socially disputed period of the Cold War is remembered in today’s history classroom. Applying a diverse set of methodological strategies, the authors map the dividing lines in and between memory cultures across the globe, paying special attention to the impact the crisis-driven age of our present has on images of the past. Authors analysing educational media point to ambivalence, vagueness and contradictions in textbook narratives understood to be echoes of societal and academic controversies. Others focus on teachers and the history classroom, showing how unresolved political issues create tensions in history education. They render visible how teachers struggle to handle these challenges by pretending that what they do is ‘just history’. The contributions to this book unveil how teachers, backgrounding the political inherent in all memory practices, often nourish the illusion that the history in which they are engaged is all about addressing the past with a reflexive and disciplined approach.
