Download or read book Introduction to Complex Plasmas written by Michael Bonitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex plasmas differ from traditional plasmas in many ways: these are low-temperature high pressure systems containing nanometer to micrometer size particles which may be highly charged and strongly interacting. The particles may be chemically reacting or be in contact with solid surfaces, and the electrons may show quantum behaviour. These interesting properties have led to many applications of complex plasmas in technology, medicine and science. Yet complex plasmas are extremely complicated, both experimentally and theoretically, and require a variety of new approaches which go beyond standard plasma physics courses. This book fills this gap presenting an introduction to theory, experiment and computer simulation in this field. Based on tutorial lectures at a very successful recent Summer Institute, the presentation is ideally suited for graduate students, plasma physicists and experienced undergraduates.
Download or read book New Enhanced Sensitivity Infrared Laser Spectroscopy Techniques Applied to Reactive Plasmas and Trace Gas Detection written by Stefan Welzel and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2009 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) employing both tuneable diode and quantum cascade lasers (TDLs, QCLs) has been applied with both high sensitivity and high time resolution to plasma diagnostics and trace gas measurements. TDLAS combined with a conventional White type multiple pass cell was used to detect up to 13 constituent molecular species in low pressure Ar/H2/N2/O2 and Ar/CH4/N2/O2 microwave discharges, among them the main products such as H2O, NH3, NO and CO, HCN respectively. The hydroxyl radical has been measured in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral range in-situ in both plasmas yielding number densities of between 1011 ... 1012 cm-3. Strong indications of surface dominated formation of either NH3 or N2O and NO were found in the H2-N2-O2 system. In methane containing plasmas a transition between deposition and etching conditions and generally an incomplete oxidation of the precursor were observed. The application of QCLs for IRLAS under low pressure conditions employing the most common tuning approaches has been investigated in detail. A new method of analysing absorption features quantitatively when the rapid passage effect is present is proposed. If power saturation is negligible, integrating the undisturbed half of the line profile yields accurate number densities without calibrating the system. By means of a time resolved analysis of individual chirped QCL pulses the main reasons for increased effective laser line widths could be identified. Apart from the well-known frequency down chirp non-linear absorption phenomena and bandwidth limitations of the detection system may significantly degrade the performance and accuracy of inter pulse spectrometers. The minimum analogue bandwidth of the entire system should normally not fall below 250 MHz. QCLAS using pulsed lasers has been used for highly time resolved measurements in reactive plasmas for the first time enabling a time resolution down to about 100 ns to be achieved. A temperature increase of typically less than 50 K has been established for pulsed DC discharges containing Ar/N2 and traces of NO. The main NO production and depletion reactions have been identified from a comparison of model calculations and time resolved measurements in plasma pulses of up to 100 ms. Considerable NO struction is observed after 5 ... 10 ms due to the impact of N atoms. Finally, thermoelectrically cooled pulsed and continuous wave (cw) QCLs have been employed for high finesse cavity absorption spectroscopy in the MIR. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been performed with pulsed QCLs and was found to be limited by the intrinsic frequency chirp of the laser suppressing an efficient intensity build-up inside the cavity. Consequently the accuracy and advantage of an absolute internal absorption calibration is not achievable. A room temperature cw QCL was used in a complementary cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) configuration which was equipped with different cavities of up to 1.3 m length. This spectrometer yielded path lengths of up to 4 km and a noise equivalent absorption down to 4 x 10-8 cm-1Hz-1/2. The corresponding molecular concentration detection limit (e.g. for CH4, N2O and C2H2 at 1303 cm-1/7.66 Aem) was generally below 1 x 1010 cm-3 for 1 s integration times and one order of magnitude less for 30 s integration times. The main limiting factor for achieving even higher sensitivity is the residual mode noise of the cavity. Employing a 0.5 m long cavity the achieved sensitivity was good enough for the selective measurement of trace atmospheric constituents at 2.2 mbar.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Imaging written by Helmut H. Telle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "a very valuable book for graduate students and researchers in the field of Laser Spectroscopy, which I can fully recommend" —Wolfgang Demtröder, Kaiserslautern University of Technology How would it be possible to provide a coherent picture of this field given all the techniques available today? The authors have taken on this daunting task in this impressive, groundbreaking text. Readers will benefit from the broad overview of basic concepts, focusing on practical scientific and real-life applications of laser spectroscopic analysis and imaging. Chapters follow a consistent structure, beginning with a succinct summary of key principles and concepts, followed by an overview of applications, advantages and pitfalls, and finally a brief discussion of seminal advances and current developments. The examples used in this text span physics and chemistry to environmental science, biology, and medicine. Focuses on practical use in the laboratory and real-world applications Covers the basic concepts, common experimental setups Highlights advantages and caveats of the techniques Concludes each chapter with a snapshot of cutting-edge advances This book is appropriate for anyone in the physical sciences, biology, or medicine looking for an introduction to laser spectroscopic and imaging methodologies. Helmut H. Telle is a full professor at the Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Ángel González Ureña is head of the Department of Molecular Beams and Lasers, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
Download or read book Laser Processing and Analysis of Materials written by Walter W. Duley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has often been said that the laser is a solution searching for a problem. The rapid development of laser technology over the past dozen years has led to the availability of reliable, industrially rated laser sources with a wide variety of output characteristics. This, in turn, has resulted in new laser applications as the laser becomes a familiar processing and analytical tool. The field of materials science, in particular, has become a fertile one for new laser applications. Laser annealing, alloying, cladding, and heat treating were all but unknown 10 years ago. Today, each is a separate, dynamic field of research activity with many of the early laboratory experiments resulting in the development of new industrial processing techniques using laser technology. Ten years ago, chemical processing was in its infancy awaiting, primarily, the development of reliable tunable laser sources. Now, with tunability over the entire spectrum from the vacuum ultraviolet to the far infrared, photo chemistry is undergoing revolutionary changes with several proven and many promising commercial laser processing operations as the result. The ability of laser sources to project a probing beam of light into remote or hostile environments has led to the development of a wide variety of new analytical techniques in environmental and laboratory analysis. Many of these are reviewed in this book.
Download or read book Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics written by Jurgen Meichsner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to introducing the basics of plasma physics, Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics is a comprehensive presentation of recent developments in the rapidly growing field of nonthermal plasma chemistry. The book offers a detailed discussion of the fundamentals of plasma chemical reactions and modeling, nonthermal plasma sources, relevant diagnostic techniques, and selected applications. Elucidating interconnections and trends, the book focuses on basic principles and illustrations across a broad field of applications. Expert contributors address environmental aspects of plasma chemistry. The book also includes selected plasma conditions and specific applications in volume plasma chemistry and treatment of material surfaces such as plasma etching in microelectronics, chemical modification of polymer surfaces and deposition of functional thin films. Designed for students of plasma physics, Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics is a concise resource also for specialists in this and related fields of research.
Download or read book Diamond Films Handbook written by Jes Asmussen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-23 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Diamond Films Handbook is an important source of information for readers involved in the new diamond film technology, emphasizing synthesis technologies and diamond film applications. Containing over 1600 references, drawings, photographs, micrographs, equations, and tables, and contributions by experts from both industry and academia, it includes specific chapters that address film characterization methods and the physics and chemistry of film synthesis. Other topics include deposition chemistry, various techniques for diamond synthesis, diamond heat spreaders, thermal management diamond active electronic devices, and diamond film optics.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plasma Spectroscopy written by Takashi Fujimoto and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2004-06-17 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the characteristics of optical radiation, or a spectrum, emitted by various plasmas. In plasma, the same atomic species can produce quite different spectra, or colours, depending on the nature of the plasma. This book gives a theoretical framework by which a particular spectrum can be interpreted correctly and coherently. The uniqueness of the book lies in its comprehensive treatment of the intensity distribution of spectral lines and the population density distribution among the atomic levels in plasmas. It is intended to provide beginners with a good perspective of the field, laying out the physics in an extremely clear manner and starting from an elementary level. A useful feature of the book is the asterisked sections and chapters which can be skipped by readers who only wish to gain a quick and basic introduction to plasma spectroscopy. It will also be useful to researchers working actively in the field, acting as a guide for carrying out experiments and interpreting experimental observations.
Download or read book Low Temperature Plasma Physics written by R. Hippler and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2001-06-18 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature plasma physics is a very active area of research located on the boundaries between physics, chemistry and materials science. Recent technological developments, e.g. in plasma etching or plasma deposition, have led to a revived interest in plasma physics and technology. This volume describes in detail fundamentals and applications of low-temperature plasma physics including newest achievements. The authors of this volume are top scientists from the USA and Europe who present most recent successes in our understanding of how plasmas behave and put a strong focus on the links between theory and experiment or technological process.
Download or read book Database Needs for Modeling and Simulation of Plasma Processing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-11-21 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of its high cost and technical importance, plasma equipment is still largely designed empirically, with little help from computer simulation. Plasma process control is rudimentary. Optimization of plasma reactor operation, including adjustments to deal with increasingly stringent controls on plant emissions, is performed predominantly by trial and error. There is now a strong and growing economic incentive to improve on the traditional methods of plasma reactor and process design, optimization, and control. An obvious strategy for both chip manufacturers and plasma equipment suppliers is to employ large-scale modeling and simulation. The major roadblock to further development of this promising strategy is the lack of a database for the many physical and chemical processes that occur in the plasma. The data that are currently available are often scattered throughout the scientific literature, and assessments of their reliability are usually unavailable. Database Needs for Modeling and Simulation of Plasma Processing identifies strategies to add data to the existing database, to improve access to the database, and to assess the reliability of the available data. In addition to identifying the most important needs, this report assesses the experimental and theoretical/computational techniques that can be used, or must be developed, in order to begin to satisfy these needs.
Download or read book Advances in Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-11 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series, established in 1965, is concerned with recent developments in the general area of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. The field is in a state of rapid growth, as new experimental and theoretical techniques are used on many old and new problems. Topics covered also include related applied areas, such asatmospheric science, astrophysics, surface physics, and laser physics. Articles are written by distinguished experts who are active in their research fields. The articles contain both relevant review material as well as detailed descriptions of important recent developments.
Download or read book JJAP written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in Biomedical Diagnosis Applications written by Raquel Cumeras and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a thought-provoking state-of-the-art picture of how volatile compounds are used in metabolomics, currently a hot topic in the metabolomics field. It provides a thorough description of what volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are, why they are important in biomedicine, and what the analytical platforms are used. It also looks at multivariate analysis and databases needs. Because VOCs are end-up compounds of metabolic processes, volatiles can be linked to different diseases or pathologies for both diagnosis and prognosis. The authors provide authoritative information and guidance on the analytical and statistical techniques used and how to identify, and they review the main current areas of application, which include breath metabolomics, cancer diagnosis, and microbial volatiles. Key Features: Presents a thorough overview of volatile research in biomedical applications Examines both gold standard techniques (metabolomics based) and artificial olfactory systems Reviews all aspects of volatile metabolites in biomedicine research, from origin to detection platforms Describes relevant diseases diagnosis and prognosis achievements, including cancer
Download or read book FY US Air Force Plan for Defense Research Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japanese Journal of Applied Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
