Download or read book The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance written by Eric Yiou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The control of balance by the central nervous system is crucial to maintain our posture and perform efficiently our daily motor tasks. This control requires the development of dynamical phenomena sub-served by highly-coordinated patterns of muscle activation/deactivation disseminated throughout the whole-body and called “postural adjustments”. Establishing the interaction between balance control, locomotion and cognition has important clinical implication, especially in term of falls prevention, and will improve our knowledge on the underlying neural correlates. This Research Topic provides an up-to-date picture of the relationship between postural adjustments, body balance and motor performance in healthy (young and older adults) and pathological participants. It includes 36 contributions (1 editorial, 28 original articles, 4 reviews and 3 methods articles) which are separated into four sections: 1. Postural maintenance and multisensory integration, 2. Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement, 3. Postural adjustments associated with predictable and unpredictable external perturbation, 4. Gait assessment and rehabilitation in aging. Beside their basic interest of unveiling the mechanisms behind motor control, results from the investigations of this topic are relevant to develop new methods or tools to improve postural stability and motor performance, with applications in the fields of neurodegenerative conditions, rehabilitation, ergonomics and sports sciences.
Download or read book The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance Volume II written by Eric Yiou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current State of Postural Research Beyond Automatic Behavior written by Emily Keshner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson s Disease written by Martina Mancini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Management presents the most updated information on a variety of topics. Sections help clinicians evaluate the types of balance control issues, dynamic balance dysfunction during turning, and the effects of medication, deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation intervention on balance control. This book is the first to review the four main postural control systems and how they are affected, including balance during quiet stance, reactive postural adjustments to external perturbations, anticipatory postural adjustments in preparation for voluntary movements, and dynamic balance control during walking and turning. In addition, the book's authors summarize the effects of levodopa, deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation intervention for each balance domain. This book is recommended for anyone interested in how and why balance control is affected by PD. - Provides the first comprehensive review of research to date on balance dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease - Discusses how to translate current neuroscience research into practice regarding neural control of balance - Provides evidence on the effects of current interventions on balance control
Download or read book Acute and chronic changes in postural control in response to different physiological states and external environmental conditions written by Nejc Sarabon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Postural Adjustments in Motor Coordination written by Charlotte Le Mouel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My thesis is that efficient motor coordination relies on the adjustment of the body mechanical properties to the task at hand, by the postural system. I first considered tasks which require immobility, such as standing still and precise and accurate tool manipulation. I developed a generic model of stabilization with neural delays. According to this model, body mechanical properties such as stiffness and inertia play a critical role for maintaining immobility despite external perturbations, since they determine the relative speed at which perturbations will be amplified during the response delay. I then considered the task of initiating movement. The main purpose of postural control is considered to be to counteract the destabilizing force of gravity. However, from the consideration of the mechanical requirements for movement, I arrived at a different interpretation of the experimental findings on stance and movement initiation. I therefore developed the mobility theory, which states that during skilled movement the postural system adjusts the position of the centre of mass (CoM) in view of providing torque for the movement. I then tested to what extent this ability to adjust the CoM position to the task at hand was affected by aging. I performed an experimental analysis of the postural adjustments of elderly fallers and non-fallers. I showed that both elderly fallers and non-fallers are able to adjust their posture to the task, given advance warning, but elderly fallers are less able to rapidly adjust the CoM position during the task. Thus, motor coordination relies on the rapid adjustment of the body mechanical properties to changing task requirements.
Download or read book Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults written by Fabio Augusto Barbieri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to advance the discussion and improve our understanding about the effects of aging and movement disorders on motor control during walking and postural tasks. Despite these activities are performed daily, there is a high requirement of motor and neural systems in order to perform both tasks efficiently. Both walking and posture require a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems. However, the mechanisms used to control these tasks, as well as how they are planned and coordinated, are still a question of discussion among health professionals and researchers. In addition, this discussion is more interesting when the effects of aging are included in the context of locomotion and the postural control. The number of older individuals is 841 million in 2015, which is four times higher than the 202 million that lived in 1950. Aging causes many motor, sensorial and neural deficits, which impair locomotion and postural control in the elderly. The severity of this framework is worsened when the aging goes along with a movement disorder, such as Parkinson disease, Chorea, Dystonia, Huntington disease, etc. Therefore, the aim of this book is to highlight the influence of different aspects on planning, controlling and performing locomotion and posture tasks. In attempting to improve current knowledge in this field, invited authors present and discuss how environmental, sensorial, motor, cognitive and individual aspects influence the planning and performance of locomotor and postural activities. The major thrust of the book is to address the mechanisms involved in controlling and planning motor action in neurological healthy individuals, as well as in those who suffer from movement disorders or face the effects of aging, indicating the aspects that impair locomotion and postural control. In addition, new technologies, tools and interventions designed to manage the effects of aging and movement disorders are presented in the book.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Neuroscience written by Marc D. Binder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-10-13 with total page 4398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 5000-page masterwork is literally the last word on the topic and will be an essential resource for many. Unique in its breadth and detail, this encyclopedia offers a comprehensive and highly readable guide to a complex and fast-expanding field. The five-volume reference work gathers more than 10,000 entries, including in-depth essays by internationally known experts, and short keynotes explaining essential terms and phrases. In addition, expert editors contribute detailed introductory chapters to each of 43 topic fields ranging from the fundamentals of neuroscience to fascinating developments in the new, inter-disciplinary fields of Computational Neuroscience and Neurophilosophy. Some 1,000 multi-color illustrations enhance and expand the writings.
Download or read book Neuroergonomics written by Hasan Ayaz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work and in Everyday Life details the methodologies that are useful for keeping an ideal human-machine system up-to-date, along with information on how to prevent potential overload and minimize errors. It discusses neural measures and the proper methods and technologies to maximize performance, thus providing a resource for neuroscientists who want to learn more about the technologies and real-time tools that can help them assess cognitive and motivational states of human operators and close the loop for advanced human-machine interaction. With the advent of new and improved tools that allow monitoring of brain activity in the field and better identification of neurophysiological markers that can index impending overload or fatigue, this book is a timely resource on the topic. - Includes neurobiological models to better understand risky decision-making and cognitive countermeasures, augmented cognition, and brain stimulations to enhance performance and mitigate human error - Features innovative methodologies and protocols using psychophysiological measurements and brain imaging techniques in realistic operational settings - Discusses numerous topics, including cognitive performance in psychological and neurological disorders, brain computer interfaces (BCI), and human performance monitoring in ecological conditions, virtual reality, and serious gaming
Download or read book Adaptive Gait and Postural Control From Physiological to Pathological Mechanisms Towards Prevention and Rehabilitation written by Helena Blumen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cerebral Palsy written by Freeman Miller and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-05-08 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a child has a health problem, parents want answers. But when a child has cerebral palsy, the answers don't come quickly. A diagnosis of this complex group of chronic conditions affecting movement and coordination is difficult to make and is typically delayed until the child is eighteen months old. Although the condition may be mild or severe, even general predictions about long-term prognosis seldom come before the child's second birthday. Written by a team of experts associated with the Cerebral Palsy Program at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, this authoritative resource provides parents and families with vital information that can help them cope with uncertainty. Thoroughly updated and revised to incorporate the latest medical advances, the second edition is a comprehensive guide to cerebral palsy. The book is organized into three parts. In the first, the authors describe specific patterns of involvement (hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia), explain the medical and psychosocial implications of these conditions, and tell parents how to be effective advocates for their child. In the second part, the authors provide a wealth of practical advice about caregiving from nutrition to mobility. Part three features an extensive alphabetically arranged encyclopedia that defines and describes medical terms and diagnoses, medical and surgical procedures, and orthopedic and other assistive devices. Also included are lists of resources and recommended reading.
Download or read book Development of Posture and Gait Across the Life Span written by Marjorie H. Woollacott and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Postural Balance Control in Sport and Exercise written by Giuseppe Marcolin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Motor Control Structure function relations in voluntary movements written by Mark L. Latash and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 1998 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Motor Control, Volume Two, features 12 chapters by internationally known researchers in the field of motor control. Comprehensive and up to date, the reference reflects the spirit of the great Nikolai Bernstein, one of the founders of the area now defined as motor control and a significant contributor to the structure-function controversy. Progress in Motor Control, Volume Two, preserves many of the features that made the first volume a state-of-the-art reference and presents these new features: -A reader-friendly design -More than 170 figures to illustrate the scientific ideas expressed -Many up-to-date references to help readers find the most current research in the field Less theoretical than the first volume, this book provides readers with valuable information on these subjects: -The direct relations of the motor function to neurophysiological and/or biomechanical structures -The role of the motor cortex and other brain structures in motor control and motor learning -The multidimensional and temporal regulation of limb mechanics by spinal circuits In this unique forum, prominent motor control scientists contribute varying viewpoints on different aspects of structure-function relations. These prominent scholars include scientists from the former Soviet Union who either knew Bernstein personally or worked closely with his students, biomechanists and neurophysiologists who focus on the role of particular body structures in the movement of production, and clinicians who analyze changes in movements with children and adults with neurological disorders. The book also gives an overview of the disagreement between Ivan Pavlov and Nikolai Bernstein, which is one of the most fascinating and controversial disagreements in the history of contemporary neurophysiology. Whether you're a researcher, or graduate or postdoctoral student, Progress in Motor Control, Volume Two, thoroughly summarizes the latest motor control issues, research, and theories, and it identifies problems in need of investigation.
Download or read book Posture and Gait written by International Society for Postural and Gait Research and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterizing Change in Postural Stability and Variability During Complex Whole body Movements Due to Ageing and Following an Unexpected Loss of Balance written by Andrew Huntley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents the investigation into volitional movement control during complex, multi-plane tasks from both an ageing and reactive control of posture perspective. While the cause of falls in older adults is multifactorial, recent scientific findings have shown a relationship between falls and improper weight transfers during volitional movements. In the past, balance ability and falls risk has been assessed in both clinical and research settings using relatively simple, single plane tasks despite the fact that many activities of daily living that may result in a fall event involve multiple planes of movement, and thus require a single or multiple weight transfers to complete. Two aims were established; the first was to challenge younger and older adults to complete a series of volitional complex, multi-plane goal-directed tasks and identify any age related differences in the movement control patterns used to execute these tasks at different speeds and with different base of support restrictions. The second aim was to generate a baseline set of data for a group of healthy young adults following a support surface perturbation that required a reactive postural control strategy to maintain balance. The current thesis thus is comprised of four studies. Whole-body stability, variability, and motor coordination aspects of movement control were calculated for all tasks. In general, older adults altered motor control patterns and slowed their movement to maintain consistent stability levels. Baseline data for the healthy young adults found that movement variability was greatest during the trip perturbation however this occurred simultaneously with increased stability preceding the perturbation. Collectively, the current work contributes novel findings to the literature specifically by characterizing age related changes in postural control strategies for complex tasks, including some strategies that may place older adults at risk of being unable to effectively respond to any forthcoming postural perturbations, should they occur. A secondary contribution of this dissertation is the foundation of data for a healthy combined volitional and reactionary control of movement task, which provides the basis of much needed reactive control work in older adults to be undertaken.
Download or read book Neuromuscular Performance during Lifespan Assessment Methods and Exercise Interventions written by Oliver Faude and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
