Download or read book Syntax written by T. Givón and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Syntax: A functional-typological introduction is at many points radically revised. In the previous edition (1984) the author deliberately chose to de-emphasize the more formal aspects of syntactic structure, in favor of a more comprehensive treatment of the semantic and pragmatic correlates of syntactic structure. With hindsight the author now finds the de-emphasis of the formal properties a somewhat regrettable choice, since it creates the false impression that one could somehow be a functionalist without being at the same time a structuralist. To redress the balance, explicit treatment is given to the core formal properties of syntactic constructions, such as constituency and hierarchy (phrase structure), grammatical relations and relational control, clause union, finiteness and governed constructions. At the same time, the cognitive and communicative underpinning of grammatical universals are further elucidated and underscored, and the interplay between grammar, cognition and neurology is outlined. Also the relevant typological database is expanded, now exploring in greater precision the bounds of syntactic diversity. Lastly, Syntax treats synchronic-typological diversity more explicitly as the dynamic by-product of diachronic development or grammaticalization. In so doing a parallel is drawn between linguistic diversity and diachrony on the one hand and biological diversity and evolution on the other. It is then suggested that — as in biology — synchronic universals of grammar are exercised and instantiated primarily as constraints on development, and are thus merely the apparent by-products of universal constraints on grammaticalization.

Download or read book Classification Syntaxique des Constructions Adjectivales en Cor en written by Nam Jee-Sun and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1996-10-18 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is the systematic description of a set of data called Adjectives in Korean, which reduces to a minimum theoretical preoccupations and abstract formalisations with no practical applications. The framework of our research is the Lexicon-grammar, whose fundamental idea is that the minimal meaningful unit is the simple sentence and not an isolated word. This work is constituted as follows: given that the corpus extracted from current dictionaries is insufficient for our purpose, we will reconstitute a complete corpus: first, with a formal definition, and then according to some other principles discussed in the first section. With this more complete corpus (5300 items), we will examine in the second section general syntactic properties of adjectival constructions. The third section is devoted to the description of 15 classes of adjectival structures. These syntactic classes will be represented in the form of tables in the annex. The results obtained in this work are indispensable at least for the following activities: first, the elaboration or verification of a linguistic theory demands a priori examination and systematic description of empirical data; furthermore, a syntactic description of lexical data, which is as exhaustive as possible, has a particular interest in the perspective of the elaboration of a lexicon suitable for computer processing of natural language.L’objectif de cette étude est la description systématique d’un ensemble de données dit Adjectifs en coréen, en réduisant au minimum les préoccupations théoriques et les formalisations abstraites et éloignées des faits. Notre démarche s’inscrit dans le cadre du Lexique-grammaire, dont l’idée fondamentale est que l’unité minimale de sens est la phrase simple et non le mot isolé. Ce travail est constitué de la manière suivante: étant donné que le corpus extrait des dictionnaires actuels est insuffisant pour notre objectif, on reconstituera un corpus complet: d’abord avec une définition formelle, et ensuite selon certains autres principes dont nous parlerons dans la première partie; une fois ce corpus constitué (5300 items), on examinera dans la deuxième partie, les propriétés syntaxiques générales des constructions adjectivales; la troisième partie est consacrée à décrire 15 classes de structures adjectivales. Ces classes syntaxiques se présentent sous la forme des tables dans l’annexe. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus dans ce travail sont indispensables au moins pour les deux activités suivantes: d’abord, une élaboration ou une vérification d’une théorie linguistique exige préalablement l’examen et la description systématique de données empiriques; par ailleurs, une description syntaxique des données lexicales, aussi exhaustive que possible, a un intérêt particulier dans la perspective de l’élaboration d’un lexique adéquat au traitement informatique du langage naturel.

Download or read book The Semantics of Syntax written by Denis Bouchard and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-12 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last thirty years, most linguists and philosophers have assumed that meaning can be represented symbolically and that the mental processing of language involves the manipulation of symbols. Scholars have assembled strong evidence that there must be linguistic representations at several abstract levels—phonological, syntactic, and semantic—and that those representations are related by a describable system of rules. Because meaning is so complex, linguists often posit an equally complex relationship between semantic and other levels of grammar. The Semantics of Syntax is an elegant and powerful analysis of the relationship between syntax and semantics. Noting that meaning is underdetermined by form even in simple cases, Denis Bouchard argues that it is impossible to build knowledge of the world into grammar and still have a describable grammar. He thus proposes simple semantic representations and simple rules to relate linguistic levels. Focusing on a class of French verbs, Bouchard shows how multiple senses can be accounted for by the assumption of a single abstract core meaning along with background information about how objects behave in the world. He demonstrates that this move simplifies the syntax at no cost to the descriptive power of the semantics. In two important final chapters, he examines the consequences of his approach for standard syntactic theories.

Download or read book The Syntax of Anaphora written by Ken Safir and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-08 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, Ken Safir develops a comprehensive theory on the role of anaphora in syntax. First, he contends that the complementary distribution of forms that support the anaphoric readings is not accidental, contrary to most current thinking, but rather should be derived from a principle, one that he proposes in the form of an algorithm. Secondly, he maintains that dependent identity relations are always possible where they are not prohibited by a constraint. Lastly, he proposes that there are no parameters of anaphora - that all anaphora-specific principles are universal, and that the patterns of anaphora across languages arise entirely from a restricted set of lexical properties. This comprehensive consideration of anaphora redirects current thinking on the subject.

Download or read book Studies in Arabic Syntax and Semantics written by Ariel A. Bloch and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 1991 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of the great upsurge of interest in syntax in recent years, it is remarkable that there are so few studies of Arabic syntax, and the works of a diachronic orientation are virtually nonexistent. The main portion of this book is historical, dealing with fundamental mechanisms of syntactic and semantic change. Here Bloch has made a substantial contribution to the historical syntax of Arabic. Throughout the book the phenomena are viewed form a broad perspective that takes into account evidence not only from all periods and genres of Arabic (Ancient Poetic, Koranic, Classical, Middle, Modern Literary and Colloquial) but also from other Semitic (and occasionally non-Semitic). In the second printing are almost exclusively corrections of misprints and other minor alterations made.

Download or read book Syntactic Structures written by Noam Chomsky and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-05-18 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Syntactic Structures".

Download or read book An Introduction to the Principles of Transformational Syntax written by Adrian Akmajian and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Concepts Syntax and Their Interface written by Tanya Reinhart and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Tanya Reinhart's major contributions to linguistic theory is the development of the Theta System (TS), a theory of the interface between the system of concepts and the linguistic computational system. Reinhart introduced her theory in a seminal paper, 'The Theta System: Syntactic Realization of Verbal Concepts' (2000) and subsequently published other papers with further theoretical development. Although Reinhart continued to work on the Theta System, she had not completed a planned Linguistic Inquiry volume on the topic before her untimely death in 2007. This work, then, is the first to offer a systematic exposition of Reinhart's Theta System. The core of the book is Reinhart's 2000 paper, accompanied by substantial endnotes with clarifications, summaries, and links to subsequent modifications of the theory, some in Reinhart's unpublished work.

Download or read book Synthetic Syntax Meaning and Philosophical Questions written by Paul Rastall and published by Masarykova univerzita. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kniha je souborem dvanácti původních kapitol, které se zabývají různými syntaktickými, sémantickými a filozofickými otázkami. Autor k těmto problémům přistupuje integrovaně či holisticky a své argumenty dokládá četnými příklady jazyků tak rozmanitých, jako je mimo jiné angličtina, ruština nebo malajština. Každá kapitola je samostatným textem, ale celý soubor je svázán zastřešujícím společným tématem, jednotnou teorií a metodologií. Klíčovým pojmem knihy je syntetická syntax, která představuje zásadní alternativu k většině současných syntaktických přístupů. Rastall prosazuje chápání jazyka jako prostředku, jímž lidé vyjadřují své zkušenosti. V jádru tohoto přístupu je vnitrojazyková a mezijazyková rozmanitost. Aspekty zkušenosti jsou zachyceny (nebo pojmenovány) základními jazykovými jednotkami, znaky (slovy i idiomy a rčeními), a tyto znaky jsou seskupeny tak, aby odrážely skutečné nebo vnímané vztahy mezi těmito aspekty zkušenosti. Procesy pojmenování a seskupování jsou vzájemně propojeny, a proto jsou v tomto přístupu syntax a sémantika integrovány. Rastall však nepředkládá pouze sterilní formální analýzy těchto problémů, ale spíše o nich diskutuje a přemýšlí formou eseje. Tento typ argumentace je ve filozofii běžný, a skutečně, mnohé problémy, jimiž se autor zabývá, mají filozofickou povahu. Stručně řečeno, kniha je cenná nejen pro lingvisty (obecně pro syntaktiky a sémantiky, zvláště pro anglisty), ale také pro filozofy. Navazuje na tradici funkční lingvistiky, obohacuje ji o mnoho nových myšlenek a aplikuje ji na nové i staré problémy. Kniha navazuje na autorovu monografii „Bottom-Up Linguistics“, která již dříve vyšla v nakladatelství Munipress.

Download or read book Syntax written by Talmy Givón and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 1017 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Constituent Syntax Quantification Numerals Possession Anaphora written by Philip Baldi and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-12-23 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Perspectives on Historical Latin Syntax: Constituent Syntax (Quantification, Numerals, Possession, Anaphora) is the third of four volumes dealing with the long-term evolution of Latin syntax, roughly from the 4th century BCE up to the 6th century CE. Essentially an extension of Volume 2, Volume 3 concentrates on additional subsentential syntactic phenomena and their long-term evolution from the earliest texts up to the Late Latin period. Included in Volume 3 are detailed treatments of quantification, numerals, possession, and deixis/anaphora. As in the other volumes, the non-technical style and extensive illustration with classical examples makes the content readable and immediately useful to the widest audience. Key features first publication to investigates the long-term syntactic history of Latin generally accessible to linguists and non-linguists theoretically coherent, formulated in functional-typological terms does not require reading fluency in Latin, since all examples are translated into English

Download or read book New Perspectives on Historical Latin Syntax written by Philip Baldi and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

Download or read book The Interrelations of Syntax Narrative Structure and Prosody in a Berber Language written by Clive W. McClelland and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a systematic investigation of the links among prosody, clause structure, and discourse pragmatics in four oral narratives of Tarifit, a VSO Berber language spoken in northeastern Morocco. It is a new method of empirical analysis of language utilizing a unique combination of sound analysis, statistics, grammar and story structure. Using the speech analysis program Signalize, levels of amplitude, fundamental frequency, length, and speed were analyzed. In addition, factors relating to clause structure and discourse pragmatics were quantified. The results of this investigation support some, but not all, claims of previous researchers, and reveal numerous additional interrelations not previously noted. These results suggest that prosody in relation to discourse pragmatics and clause structure may be a rich field of future linguistic endeavor. They also contribute to greater knowledge of a little known language in North Africa.

Download or read book The Handbook of Berber Linguistics written by Alireza Korangy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Syntaxe th orique et formelle Volume 1 Mod lisation unit s structures written by Sylvain Kahane and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-08-29 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conçu comme une introduction générale à la syntaxe, cet ouvrage présente les notions de base nécessaires à une étude de la combinaison des unités lexicales et grammaticales au sein d’un énoncé. Sans se placer dans un cadre préconçu, l’ouvrage étudie les différentes possibilités pour la représentation des structures syntaxiques, en fonction des principes généraux et des critères particuliers retenus. Élaboré avec l’objectif de fournir une base pour l’enseignement de la syntaxe à l’université, cet ouvrage souhaite montrer qu’on peut dégager de manière méthodique les propriétés des langues et mettre de l’ordre dans la forêt vierge que constitue chaque langue. Il est divisé en trois parties : comment élaborer le modèle d’une langue, comment déterminer les unités de base de la langue en fonction de leur sens, forme et combinatoire, comment définir et représenter les différents modes d’organisation des unités. Cette dernière partie présente une abondance de diagrammes syntaxiques de diverses natures. L’ouvrage est découpé en de petites sections, alternant le contenu principal avec des éclairages, des notes historiques, des élaborations plus formelles, des exemples linguistiques dans diverses langues, des propositions de lectures additionnelles et des exercices avec des éléments de correction. Kim Gerdes et Sylvain Kahane collaborent depuis 20 ans et ont publié ensemble plus de 40 articles. Ils se sont intéressés à différents aspects de la syntaxe des langues. Après avoir travaillé sur la modélisation formelle de l’ordre des mots en allemand et en français, ils ont commencé à partir de 2008 à développer des corpus annotés en syntaxe de dépendance pour le français parlé, s’intéressant à la fois aux problèmes théoriques de l’analyse en dépendance et aux questions plus particulièrement posées par les productions orales, notamment concernant les limites de la syntaxe. Conceived as a general introduction to syntax, this book presents the basic concepts necessary for a study of the combination of lexical and grammatical units within an utterance. The book does not impose a preconceived framework, but rather examines the various possibilities for the representation of syntactic structures, according to the general principles and specific criteria that have been adopted. The aim of this book is to provide a basis for teaching syntax at university, and to show that it is possible to identify the properties of languages in a methodical way and to put order in the jungle of each language. The book is divided into three parts: How to develop the model of a language? How to determine the basic units of a language according to their meaning, form, and combinatorial nature? How to define and represent the different ways in which the units are organized? This last part presents an abundance of syntactic diagrams of a wide range of types. The book is divided into small sections, alternating the main content with insights, historical notes, formal elaborations, linguistic examples in diverse languages, proposals for further reading, and exercises with answer keys. Kim Gerdes and Sylvain Kahane have been collaborating for 20 years and have published together more than 40 articles. They have been interested in different aspects of the syntax of languages. After working on formal modeling of word order in German and French, they started in 2008 to develop annotated corpora in dependency syntax for spoken French, focusing both on theoretical problems of dependency analysis and on questions more specifically raised by oral productions, notably concerning the limits of syntax.

Download or read book History of the Language Sciences Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften Histoire des sciences du langage 3 Teilband written by Sylvain Auroux and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-07-14 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "HIST LANGUAGE SCIENCES (KOERNER) 3.TLBD HSK 18.3 E-BOOK".

Download or read book History of the Language Sciences Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften Histoire des sciences du langage 1 Teilband written by Sylvain Auroux and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-07-14 with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing in English, German, or French, more than 300 authors provide a historical description of the beginnings and of the early and subsequent development of thinking about language and languages within the relevant historical context. The gradually emerging institutions concerned with the study, organisation, documentation, and distribution are considered as well as those dealing with the utilisation of language related knowledge. Special emphasis has been placed on related disciplines, such as rhetoric, the philosophy of language, cognitive psychology, logic and neurological science.