Download or read book Testing Novel Water Oxidation Catalysts for Solar Fuels Production written by Carminna Ottone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive information on the main techniques for measuring water-oxidation-catalyst (WOC) performance, with a particular focus on the combined use of sacrificial oxidants and dyes within closed-batch reactors. It provides an overview of the latest advances in the synthesis of more efficient WOCs, followed by an analysis of the requirements for sustainable energy production. Readers will find a detailed description of the reaction mechanism used in catalyst assessment systems, which reveals the benefits and limitations of the most common sacrificial oxidant/dye pair. Experimental techniques including electrochemical methods for characterizing novel and non-photoactive WOCs are also described. Throughout the book, various manganese oxides are used as examples of the techniques reviewed or proposed systems. Cost considerations and technological perspectives of the scale-up of solar-driven hydrogen production are also addressed. Lastly, the book presents lessons learned from the implementation of a large-scale real-world device.

Download or read book Testing Novel Water Oxidation Catalysts for Solar Fuels Production written by Carminna Ottone and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive information on the main techniques for measuring water-oxidation-catalyst (WOC) performance, with a particular focus on the combined use of sacrificial oxidants and dyes within closed-batch reactors. It provides an overview of the latest advances in the synthesis of more efficient WOCs, followed by an analysis of the requirements for sustainable energy production. Readers will find a detailed description of the reaction mechanism used in catalyst assessment systems, which reveals the benefits and limitations of the most common sacrificial oxidant/dye pair. Experimental techniques including electrochemical methods for characterizing novel and non-photoactive WOCs are also described. Throughout the book, various manganese oxides are used as examples of the techniques reviewed or proposed systems. Cost considerations and technological perspectives of the scale-up of solar-driven hydrogen production are also addressed. Lastly, the book presents lessons learned from the implementation of a large-scale real-world device.

Download or read book Electrochemical Water Electrolysis written by Lei Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively describes the fundamentals of electrochemical water electrolysis as well as the latest materials and technological developments. It addresses a variety of topics such as electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms, as well as challenges and strategies. It also includes an understanding of how materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis have developed in recent years, and it describes the progress in improving performance and providing benefits to energy systems and applications. Features the most recent advances in electrochemical water electrolysis to produce hydrogen Discusses cutting-edge materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis Includes both experimental and theoretical approaches that can be used to guide and promote materials as well as technological development for electrochemical water electrolysis Comprises work from international leading scientists active in electrochemical energy and environmental research and development Provides invaluable information that will benefit readers from both academia and industry With contributions from researchers at the top of their fields, the book includes in-depth discussions covering the engineering of components and applied devices, making this an essential read for scientists and engineers working in the development of electrochemical energy devices and related disciplines.

Download or read book Application and Study of Water Oxidation Catalysts and Molecular Dyes for Solar fuel Production written by Benjamin D. Sherman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing a system capable of using solar energy to drive the conversion of an abundant and available precursor to fuel would profoundly impact humanity's energy use and thereby the condition of the global ecosystem. Such is the goal of artificial photosynthesis: to convert water to hydrogen using solar radiation as the sole energy input and ideally do so with the use of low cost, abundant materials. Constructing photoelectrochemical cells incorporating photoanodes structurally reminiscent of those used in dye sensitized photovoltaic solar cells presents one approach to establishing an artificial photosynthetic system. The work presented herein describes the production, integration, and study of water oxidation catalysts, molecular dyes, and metal oxide based photoelectrodes carried out in the pursuit of developing solar water splitting systems.

Download or read book Nanostructured Catalysts for Environmental Applications written by Marco Piumetti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an overview of the recent studies and advances in environmental catalysis by nanomaterials, considering both the fundamental and the technological aspects. It offers contributions in different areas of environmental catalysis, including the catalytic and photocatalytic abatement of environmentally hazardous effluents from stationary or mobile sources, the valorization of waste and the production of sustainable energy. In other words, this monograph provides an overview of modern environmental and energy related applications with a particular emphasis to nano-sized catalytic materials. Recent concepts, experimental data and advanced theories are reported in this book to give evidence of the environmental and sustainable applications that can be found in the highly interdisciplinary field of catalysis.

Download or read book Novel Electrocatalysts for the Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Reaction written by Chaoran Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical energy storage by water splitting, a combination of oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) has emerged as a promising solution for the utilisation of solar energy. Both efficient electrocatalysts and photoelectrodes with long-term stability are indispensable to achieve economic feasibility of solar water splitting. Although the product of interest is hydrogen gas, the thermodynamic and kinetic requirements of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the main limiting factors. The goal of this dissertation was to discover effective strategies for improving the performance of electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. To address the issues for the slow PEC water oxidation kinetics, two typical surface electrocatalysts Co-Pi and Ni-B were firstly synthesised and tested on a reference ZnO photoelectrode. The Ni-B/ZnO exhibited a benchmark photocurrent density (1.22 mA cm−2 at 1.0 V vs RHE), resulting into two folds enhancement compared with the unmodified ZnO. The stable photocurrent over a 1 h test period further demonstrated the dual functionality of Ni-B as an efficient OER catalyst and robust surface-protection layer inhibiting photocorrosion, which is much better than Co-Pi. Following the successful strategy used to stabilise of ZnO photoanode, the Ni-B electrocatalyst was introduced onto a very promising p/n junction GaAs by in-situ photoassisted electrodeposition to solve the critical stability issue of GaAs. A monolithic layer of Ni-B/Ga (As)Ox was generated during the Ni-B deposition process, resulting in a Ni-B/Ga (As)Ox/GaAs photoanode structure. Such structure was optimised by varying the GaAs surface architecture, electrolyte pH value and Ni-B deposition time to achieve the optimal photocurrent and best stability. The optimised photoanode, Ni-B/Ga (As)Ox/shallow GaAs exhibited a nearly 22 hour stable photocurrent density of 20 mA/cm2, while the bare GaAs lost 40% activity in just three hours under identical condition. The remarkable performance in both photocurrent and stability directly addresses the current severe limitation in the application the classic GaAs photoanodes for solar fuel synthesis and could apply to other initially efficient but unstable photoelectrodes. Although the above studies demonstrated the multi-function of an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst on the surface of a semiconductor photoanode, e.g. increasing the photocurrent and lifetime, the OER catalysts are still not efficient enough. Therefore, the development of a cost-efficient and long-term stable catalyst for OER is still crucial to produce clean and sustainable H2 fuels from water. A cobalt vanadium oxide (CoVOx-300) catalyst with high contents of Co3+ sites that was manipulated by V4+, was firstly reported as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst. The CoVOx-300 with highest Co3+/Co2+ ratio of 1.4 and corresponding highest V4+/ V5+ ratio of 1.7 exhibited remarkable OER activity with an overpotential of 330 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 (ï ̈10), a small Tafel slope of only 46 mV dec-1 and a current density of 100 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 380 mV vs RHE, which was 20 time higher than the active CoOx-300 and 1000 time higher than VOx-300. The catalyst also showed excellent stability for 10 hours in alkaline media and a 40 % reduced activation energy to the counterpart, CoOx-300. This study demonstrated that high contents of surface Co3+ and V4+ species played a crucial role in improving electrocatalytic properties and stability for the water oxidation reaction. To further improve the OER performance of cobalt-vanadium based electrocatalyst, a series of Cobalt-vanadium (Co-V) bimetallic catalysts were synthesised and tested for the OER. It was found that spinel Co2-xVO4 with Co3+/Co2+ ratio of 2.8 and a moderate crystallinity exhibited the lowest overpotential of 240 mV at 10 mA/cm2, a smallest Tafel slope of 45 mV dec-1 and a current density of 100 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of 280 mV, where the current density was about 600 times higher than that of CoOOH and 20 times higher than the benchmark commercial RuO2 electrocatalyst, and it was also much better than the CoOx-300. The cobalt-vanadium based low-crystalline Co2-xVO4 nanoplates with remarkable electrochemical OER performance could be further deposited onto the promising semiconductor photoanodes to enhance the overall OER performance and longevity of the PEC devices.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computationally derived Design Principles for Water Oxidation Catalysts written by Daniel R. Harper and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The water oxidation reaction can be used to produce renewable solar fuels, but efficient catalysts need to be discovered to enable its use at the industrial scale. The most active known water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) follow a common theme in chemical catalysis, relying on rare metals such as ruthenium and iridium. To discover alternatives that retain this level of activity while instead utilizing earth-abundant metals, tools need to be developed which leverage knowledge from computation and from existing systems to accelerate catalyst design. This thesis focuses on developing such tools for homogeneous transition metal complexes (TMCs), which are a promising for catalyst development because their properties can be finely tuned through precise ligand modification. To understand the underlying properties which drive water oxidation, we begin by studying the TMCs with the highest activity known thus far: ruthenium WOCs. By leveraging results from density functional theory (DFT), we identify a computational descriptor which correlates well with experimentally observed activity among these catalysts. This descriptor provides a link between computation and experiment, enabling in silico screening for novel WOCs, but it alone is not sufficient. Machine learning (ML) can be used in combination with DFT to further accelerate virtual screening and to extract chemical meaningful design criteria. To enable ML for our application, we next propose a new featurization method which more readily encodes known chemical trends. Our new featurization method, eRAC-185, demonstrates improved performance on data sets which simultaneously incorporate 4d metals, which are common in catalysis, and 3d metals, which are significantly more abundant. Together, our descriptor and featurization method provide the foundation for the computationally accelerated discovery of more active WOCs with earth-abundant metals.

Download or read book Clean Energy Research and Development written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Advances in Solar driven Thermochemical Fuel Production and Thermal Energy Storage written by Alfonso J. Carrillo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visible Light Driven Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes written by Markus D. Kärkäs and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A shift in energy dependence from fossil fuels to sustainable and carbon-neutral alternatives is a daunting challenge that faces the human society. Light harvesting for the production of solar fuels has been extensively investigated as an attractive approach to clean and abundant energy. An essential component in solar energy conversion schemes is a catalyst for water oxidation. Ruthenium-based catalysts have received significant attention due to their ability to efficiently mediate the oxidation of water. In this context, the design of robust catalysts capable of driving water oxidation at low overpotential is a key challenge for realizing efficient visible light-driven water splitting. Herein, recent progress in the development within this field is presented with a focus on homogeneous ruthenium-based systems and surface-immobilized ruthenium assemblies for photo-induced oxidation of water.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability written by David S. Ginley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How will we meet rising energy demands? What are our options? Are there viable long-term solutions for the future? Learn the fundamental physical, chemical and materials science at the heart of renewable/non-renewable energy sources, future transportation systems, energy efficiency and energy storage. Whether you are a student taking an energy course or a newcomer to the field, this textbook will help you understand critical relationships between the environment, energy and sustainability. Leading experts provide comprehensive coverage of each topic, bringing together diverse subject matter by integrating theory with engaging insights. Each chapter includes helpful features to aid understanding, including a historical overview to provide context, suggested further reading and questions for discussion. Every subject is beautifully illustrated and brought to life with full color images and color-coded sections for easy browsing, making this a complete educational package. Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability will enable today's scientists and educate future generations.

Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CW and Pulse EPR Studies of Cobalt catalyzed Water Oxidation written by Joseph Gregory McAlpin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent reports claim that an "artificial leaf", able to harvest up to 4.7% of incident photonic energy for water-splitting and solar fuel production, has been made using only earth abundant elements. These types of systems have the potential to revolutionize modern energy storage techniques, cheaply converting solar energy into H2-based fuels. They will dictate how effectively solar power can be deployed as a primary source of energy at the local level. At its heart, the system relies on a cobalt-based, water-oxidation catalyst to complete the difficult oxygen half of the water-splitting reaction. In order to make these systems even more efficient and cost-effective - and enable solar to compete with carbon-based sources of energy - we must understand how and why they work so well in a rigorous and detailed way. To gain insight into the structure and mechanism of water oxidation by this material, CW and pulse EPR spectroscopy was used to investigate the cobalt centers of these catalysts and other related Co-based water oxidation materials and model complexes. Chapters 1 and 2 provide an introduction to the system and methods used in this work. Chapter 3 details how we used EPR to identify a rare Co(IV) species only present during and immediately after water splitting takes place. Chapter 4 of this dissertation builds upon these insights and combines EPR and electrokinetic assays to provide a detailed mechanism and structural description of the system. In chapter 5, we characterized a structural model complex of CoPi. Using a combined spectroscopic and DFT approach, we explored structure-function relationships in this model system and determined that it is probably the highly localized nature of the unpaired electron in CoPi that enables it to oxidize water so well. Chapter 6 looks at another cobalt-based water oxidation catalyst for the purpose of comparing its properties to CoPi. Finally, Chapter 7 attempts to synthesize the data we have observed to provide a means for improving this important system.

Download or read book Fuel Production with Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jacinto Sa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the current state of the art and future perspectives of the heterogeneous catalytic production of fuels, complete with reaction mechanism schemes, engineering solutions, and valuable industry insights. It describes production of fuels from renewable sources using environmentally friendly technologies, exposing the advantages and disadvantages of each production process and suggesting solutions to minimize the impact of fuel transportation. Comprised of chapters authored by leading experts in the field, this authoritative text conveys the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of fuels.

Download or read book Novel Molecular Catalysts for Water Oxidation written by Sara Goberna Ferrón and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Layeredness in Materials written by Abdul Majid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-16 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the characteristics, strategies and applications of layered materials. It sheds light on layerdness-dependent properties of Van der Waals solids for potential applications. The properties of various layered materials prepared using different experimental strategies are described. Further, the first-principles calculations are given to devise a strategy to investigate layeredness in materials. The structural, thermal, mechanical, lattice vibronic, electronic, optical and carrier transport characteristics of the layered materials are elaborated in detail. This book provides an updated source of information on layered materials for students, researchers, and professionals.